• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2017

A water treatment utility in South Korea operates a large system of pressurized hollow fiber membrane (PHFM) modules. The optimal selection of membrane module for the full scale plant was critical issue and carried out using Risk-based Life Cycle Cost (RbLCC) analysis based on the historical data of operation and maintenance. The RbLCC analysis was used in the process of decision-making for replacing aged modules. The initial purchasing cost and the value at risk during operation were considered together. The failure of modules occurs stochastically depending on the physical deterioration with usage over time. The life span of module was used as a factor for the failure of Poisson's probability model, which was used to obtain the probability of failure during the operation. The RbLCC was calculated by combining the initial cost and the value at risk without its warranty term. Additionally, the properties of membrane were considered to select the optimum product. Results showed that the module's life span in the system was ten years (120 month) with safety factor. The optimum product was selected from six candidates membrane for a full scale water treatment facility. This method could be used to make the optimum and rational decision for the operation of membrane water purification facility.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2021

Purpose: Purchasing food via online shopping channels is booming during Covid-19 Pandemic in Vietnam. However, the perceived risks of food bought via online shopping channels may discourage consumers. Hence, this study assesses the effects of perceived risks on food purchase intention via online shopping channels in Vietnam. Research design, data and methodology: This study applied the multiple regression analysis with 253 samples collected from consumers who frequently purchase food via online shopping channels in Vietnam. The questionnaire is provided to respondents via Google Form. The sample collection method is convenience sampling. Three hundred samples were collected, but 253 samples are used after filtering the responses with missing data. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and regression analysis are used for data analysis on SPSS software version 20. Results: The results show that product risk, security risk, time risk, and fraud risk of the seller negatively affect the intention to buy food via online shopping channels in Vietnam. Conclusions: The study provides several implications and recommendations for food companies and online food sellers. Reducing customers' perceived risks online food makes customers more willing to buy food online during Covid-19 Pandemic. Limitations and suggestions for further research are also discussed.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2024

전 세계적으로 관광 산업이 코로나19 이전 수준으로 회복되고 있습니다. 이번 글에서는 관광객의 한국 여행 의향에 영향을 미치는 요인을 살펴보고자 합니다. 데이터 분석에는 TAM 모델을 사용했으며, 실제 시나리오에 더 적합하도록 신뢰, 정보 품질, 개인 혁신성 등 몇 가지 주요 외부 변수를 추가했습니다. 구조방정식 모델링 방법인 SPSS와 AMOS를 사용하여 분석한 결과, 지각된 위험은 의도와 큰 관련이 없다는 사실을 발견했습니다. 지각된 위험은 구매 의도와 유의미한 관계가 없으며, 이는 소비자가 지각된 위험보다 편의성을 우선시할 수 있음을 시사합니다. 그리고 다른 많은 요인들이 이 둘 사이의 잠재적인 매개 요인이 될 수 있습니다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.643-649
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to assess the prospective teachers' perception of food risk with the goal of providing the ways to improve their knowledge and perception of food risk. A self-administered questionnaire was developed and offered to 307 freshman and sophomore in an elementary teacher-cultivating university located in Seoul. The collected data were analyzed in terms of frequencies, cross tabulation analysis, t-test and ANONA with a deviation level of 5% using SPSS 15.0. The results of this research were as follows: 'Taste' was identified as an important factor for purchasing food (54.4%), and 'Manufacture date/expiration date' (67.0%) was checked first before food was purchased. The respondants viewed food additives (66.8%) followed by environmental contaminants (17.6%) as the most dangerous factors for food consumption. Even though they did not know the actual level of risk these factors posed to food, they still perceived them as dangerous. Most of them did not have any educational experiences on food risk, and if any, their sources of information were TV (46.6%) and the internet (19.5%). And, they did want to have information on food risk through TV, radio (41.1%) and the internet(16.4%). Based on the above results, the subjects who have great potential to influence children appeared not to have sound knowledge or a balanced perception of food risks. Therefore, systematic educational opportunities for prospective teachers should be provided to promote food risk communication.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.951-965
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceived risk, community usage motive, and price sensitivity of customers who purchase children's wear directly from overseas on customer satisfaction. Specifically, this study is aimed at verifying the moderating effect of price sensitivity when perceived risk and community usage motive significantly influence customer satisfaction. A survey was conducted among consumers who experienced directly purchasing children's wear from overseas and engaging in communities. A total of 415 questionnaires were distributed, which 41 responses were insincere and excluded; thus, 374 responses were analyzed. Results of this study are as follows. First, the analysis on how perceived risk and community usage motive influence customer satisfaction reveals the significant influence of economic and social psychological risk on customer satisfaction. Moreover, informational, recreational, and social emotional usage motive have a significant influence on customer satisfaction. Second, the effect of perceived risk and community usage motive on customer satisfaction based on different levels of price sensitivity was verified. As a result, delivery and economic risks affect customer satisfaction for consumers with high price sensitivity. Moreover, recreational usage motive has a significant influence on customer satisfaction for high price sensitive consumers. In conclusion, perceived risk negatively impacts customer satisfaction. Therefore, it is essential to provide a system that can reduce the perceived risk of consumers who purchase children's wear directly from overseas.

• 플랜트 저널
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2009

In the plant EPC project, the procurement work can be considered as the most important part that affects the success or failure of project as it has the closest mutual influence in every execution process of the project. Procurement takes up generally 60% ~ 70% of the entire project budget and the current trend of plant EPC project becoming larger in scale and a variety of process technology being applied. So, it is needed to identify the risks that are expected to occur according to the stages of procurement work, namely, proposal stage, manufacturer selection and purchasing agreement stage, expediting the process management of manufacturer stage, inspection stage and logistics & transportation stage. The management of observation and control of the risks should be performed with the response techniques which are 'avoid',' transfer'and' mitigate'.

• 경영과학
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.95-112
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• 2011

The Internet has generated a number of online review sites where dissatisfied consumers can easily articulate their opinions and comments on products or services. Little attention, however, has been directed to investigating the relationship between negative electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) and its critical determinants that affect consumers' purchasing behaviors. This study attempts to explore the influence of the key determinants of consumers' negative eWOM behaviors, including their social relationships online. The results show that tie strength is positively associated with the proposed determinants, such as information credibility, external search efforts, and product involvement. Further, we find that perceived risk plays a mediating role in the relationship between consumers' intention to spread eWOM and its key determinants.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between clothing involvement and fashion leadership of early adolescents. A questionnaire was administered to 232 9th grade students living in Taegu during April of 1998. Data were analyzed by using Factor analysis, Correlation, t-tests, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Regression analysis. Clothing involvements were factor analyzed resulting five factors such as interest, importance, fashionability, symbolism, and risk perception. Four factors except risk perception factor were used in data analysis. Four clothing involvement factors showed highly positive relations with total clothing involvement. Interest, importance, and fashionability factors showed highly positive relationship each other. Fashionability and interest factors had effect on fashion leadership. Female adolescents were more concerned about clothing interests than male. Adolescents who were high clothing-interested and fashion-oriented purchased more clothing items. Adolescents who showed high clothing involvements such as interest, importance, and fashionability paid much more on purchasing clothes.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.803-816
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were to investigate the influences of channel assessments on the usage of multi-channels by product types, and the differences in the usage of multi-channels among product types in buying decision making process for fashion products. Data were collected from 510 consumers in their 20s to 50s with purchasing experiences through multi-channel distribution system and living in Seoul and Kyunggi province; 491 were analyzed after deleting incomplete questionnaires. Factor analysis, multiple regression analysis and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis by using SPSS 18.0. The results were as follows: 5 factors were extracted for channel assessment: utility, accuracy, risk, price benefit and sharing information. Price benefits, utility and sharing information for online channel tended to influence positively on the usage of online channel and online+offline channels. Accuracy and low perceived risk of offline influenced positively on offline and on+offline channel usages. The usage levels of on-line and off-line channels for cosmetics were significantly lower than the usage levels for clothes and accessories on information search, evaluation of alternatives, and purchase stages. Significant differences were also found in the usage levels of multi-channels (on+off-line) on information search and evaluation of alternatives stages. The usage levels of the multi-channels for clothes were the highest followed by those of accessories and cosmetics in order.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2011

This study investigates the factors influencing consumer's channel selection for luxury fashion items, specifically the effect of (i) perceived luxury benefits, (ii) perceived online shopping risks, (iii) demographics, and (iv) purchasing behavior. A survey questionnaire was developed and implemented to measure the perceived luxury benefits, perceived online shopping risks, purchasing behaviors, and consumer demographics. A total of 396 responses were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, cross-tab, and multinomial logit analysis with SPSS18.0. The results are as follows. First, those who shop in offline shopping channels tend to be heavy buyers that look for product quality and conspicuousness. They perceive low risks from online shopping and purchase few bag items offline. Second, those who shop online tend to be men and perceive the high benefits of economic value. Third, those who shop in multi channels tend to be men, search for information via the Internet, and purchase few accessory items. Implications for multichannel strategies are suggested.