• 환경생물
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2003

This study was designed to determine whether selenium (Se) nutrition affects pulmonary glutathione peroxidase and alveolarization in the neonatal rat. Twenty-four female Sprague Dawley rats were bred and fed a semipurified Se-deficient (0.04 ppm, Se-) or a Se-adequate (0.5 ppm, Se+) diet through pregnancy and lactation. Pulmonary DNA synthesis was slightly higher in Se+ pups than in Se- pups on d 6 and d 9 of lactation, but significant difference was not found. As pulmonary alveolarization progressed, mean air space size decreased and internal surface area and lung volume increased. No difference in pulmonary alveolarization was found between Se- and Se+ pups by age. Pulmonary Se concentration was higher in Se+ pups than in Se- pups at all age. Glutathione peroxidase activity in lung tissur reflected Se status and was lower in Se- pups than in Se+ pups. In conclusion, selenium has no significant effect on alveolarization of neonatal lungs. but it is necessary for adequate supply of pulmonary antioxidant, glutathione peroxidase.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2012

Thyroid hormones are important for the development of the brain including the cerebellum. In the present study, we investigated the effect of treadmill exercise on the survival of Purkinje neurons and the activation of astrocytes in the cerebellar vermis of hypothyroidism-induced rat pups. On the day of perinatal 14, pregnant rats were divided into two groups (n = 5 in each group): the pregnant control group and the pregnantmethimazole (MMI)-treated group. For the induction of hypothyroidism in the rat pups, MMI was added to the drinking water (0.02% wt/vol), from the day of perinatal 14 to postnatal 49. After delivery, male rat pups born from the pregnant control group were assigned to the control group. Male rat pups born from the MMI-treated group were divided into the hypothyroidism-induction group, the hypothyroidism-induction with treadmill exercise group, and the hypothyroidism-induction with thyroxine (T4) treatment group (n = 10 in each group). The rat pups in the exercise group were forced to run on a treadmill for 30 min once a day for 4 weeks, starting on postnatal day 22. In the hypothyroidism-induced rat pups, motor coordination was reduced and Purkinje cell death and reactive astrocytes in the cerebellar vermis were increased. Treadmill exercise enhanced motor coordination, increased the survival of Purkinje neurons, down-regulated reactive astrocytes, and enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) expressions in the hypothyroidism-induced rat pups. These results suggest that treadmill exercise has beneficial effects in terms of protecting against thyroid dysfunction by increasing T3 and T4 and the related protein, BDNF, as well as TrkB, inhibition on astrocyte activation and the reduction of Purkinje cell loss regarding the cerebellum in hypothyroidism rat pups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.569-577
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• 1996

This study was performed to determine the effect of maternal protein intake on 1) the concentration of immune substances in milk 2) degree of passive immunity to pups via lactation, and 3) specific antibody production to a specific antigen, $\beta$-lactoglobulin(BLG). 4) the effect of passive immunity that pups received from mother during lactation on the production of antibodies when the pups were challenged to the same antigen. Part of the female rats were immunized with BLG before and during pregnancy. The pregnant rats were placed into either 25% or 10% isolated soy protein diet throughout gestation and lactation. After weaning, pups from each group continued to be fed the same diet. At 18 weeks of age, all the pups were challenged with BLG. Total IgA and IgG, lysozyme, BLG-specific IgA and IgG were measured in dam's serum, dam's milk, and pup's serum. Total IgG, and lysozyme in dam's serum and milk were higher in high protein group. Total IgA and IgG in pup's serum remained higher in high protein group from 5 to 18 weeks of age. BLG-specific antibodies were found in the milk and serum of immunized dams, and in serum of pups born to immunized dams but not in the non-immunized group. BLG-specific IgA and IgG were again higher in high protein group and declined with time. The concentration decreased faster in the low proetein group than in the high protein groups. After immunization the pups with LBG, serum BLG-specific antibodies were not differ between rats born to immunized dams and those born to non-immunized dams. Therefore passive immunity rats received via milk as a pup had no effect on the BLG-specific antibody production later in life. This study shows the importance of protein status of mother and strongly support to the endorsement of breast feeding.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.401-409
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• 2002

Phthalate esters have possible effects on the endocrine system. Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most commonly wed phthalic acid esters (PAEs). It is extensively wed as a plasticizer in elastomers, as a solvent for printing inks and resins, and as a textile lubricating agent. It is also present in the formulations of various cosmetic products. DBP has been identified as a reproductive toxicant in several animal species and also know as a endocrine disruptor. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of DBP on developmental immune Junction wing rat pups as experimental animals. Timed-bred pregnant SD rats were orally dosed with 0, 250, 500, or 750 mg DBP/kg body weight once a day from gestational day (GD) 5 to 18 and postpartum day (PD) 3 to 18. On PD22, the dams and their pups were euthanized and examined for alteration in parameters associated to immune function. The results showed no significant changes in body weight, thymus weight, thymus and spleen cellularities, the polyclonal activation respones of splenocyte with ConA and LPS, and also the distribution of arterial blood cells and thymocyto subsets in both rat dam and pups. However DBP exposure on rat dam resulted in increases of liver weights of dam and their pups except 750 mg DBP/kg, and body and spleen weights in pups except 750 mg DBP/kg. On the other hands, distribution rates of CD8+ T cells at 500 mg DBP/kg and B cells at 750 mg DBP/kg among splenocyte subsets were significantly increased in rat pups, unlike dams. Reasons of these distribution alterations of CD8+ T cells and B cells in rat pups are under study.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 1998

Changes in the release and uptake of glutamate in cerebellar granule and glial cells of offspring of lead-exposed mothers were determined. In cultured cerebellar granule cells exposed to lead for 5 days, glutamate release was less influenced upon N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) stimulation than that in the control. Although the NMDA-stimulated release of glutamate in cerebellar granule cells prepared from lead-exposed first generation pups was not different from that of the control group, the S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP)-stimulated release of glutamate in cerebellar granule cells obtained from lead-treated pups was less elevated than that in the control. Furthermore, in cerebellar granule cells obtained from lead-exposed second generations pups, glutamate release did not respond to both NMDA and SNAP stimulation. In cerebellar glial cells exposed to lead, the basal glutamate uptake was not changed. However, the L-trans-pyrollidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (PDC)-blocking effects was significantly reduced. In glial cells obtained from lead-exposed pups, the glutamate uptake was also less blocked by PDC than that in the control. Further decreases in PDC-blocking effects were observed in cerebellar glial cells obtained from lead-treated second generation pups compared to those from the control group. These results indicate that lead exposure induces the changes in the sensitivities of the glutamate release and uptake transporter. In addition, these results suggest that lead exposure might affect the intracellular signalling pathway and transmission in glutamatergic nervous system.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.206-212
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• 1996

This study was to see if pregnant rats fed a pantothenic acid(PA) deficient diet for whole 3 weeks gestation would produce pups comparable to the normal controls, at the cost of maternal tissue PA concentration ([PA]) or coenzyme A content ([Co A]). Compared to the controls, dams fed a PA deficient diet tended to decrease weight gain, and produced pups with lower body, liver and brain weight (p<0.05). Postpartum dam's blood [PA] decreased more in PA deficient group than control (p<0.05, PA deficient : 2.52$\pm$0.66 to 0.77$\pm$0.23uM, control : 2.58$\pm$0.52 to 1.45$\pm$0.68uM), although Hb concentration did not differ between two groups. Pup's blood [PA] at birth was lower in PA deficient group than control group(1.75$\pm$0.27uM vs. 3.90$\pm$0.76uM, respectively, p<0.05) and 2-3 times that of postpartum dams in both two groups. [Co A] and [PA] in pup's tissues were 23-68% of dams in both groups, in spite of the higher [PA] in pups. These data suggest that Co A metabolism differs between pups and dams ; the pups were more adversely affected than dams by the dietary PA deficiency of dams during gestation.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.361-366
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• 2014

본 연구는 상용화되어 판매되고 있는 CPV-2 백신과 CPV-2b 백신이 국내에서 주로 유행하고 있는 CPV-2a 분리주에 대해 방어능력을 가지는 지를 평가하기 위하여, CPV에 대한 예방접종을 실시하지 않은 생후 9주령의 잡종 강아지 20두를 예방접종 미실시군(대조군) 4두와 예방접종군 16두로 편성하였다. 예방접종 군의 강아지 8두씩은 3주 간격으로 3회에 걸쳐 CPV-2 또는 CPV-2b 백신을 각각 예방접종하였다. 3차 예방접종 2주 후에 모든 강아지에 $1{\times}10^6\;TCID_{50}$의 CPV-2a (VR00174 strain) 바이러스를 경구접종하였으며 강아지들의 임상증상, CPV의 변 내 배출, CPV에 대한 혈청학적 반응에 대하여 2주 동안 관찰하였다. 국내 분리 CPV-2a를 공격접종한 후에, 예방접종을 실시한 모든 강아지에서는 어떠한 임상증상도 나타나지 않았지만 예방접종을 실시하지 않은 강아지들은 식욕부진, 우둔, 구토, 점액 또는 혈액성 설사를 나타내었으며 2두는 공격접종 6일째에 폐사하였다. 예방접종을 실시하지 않은 강아지들에서는 공격접종 4일 후부터 변에서 CPV가 검출되었지만 예방접종을 실시한 강아지에서는 변에서 CPV가 검출되지 않았다. 그리고 예방접종 실시한 강아지들은 1차 예방접종에 의하여 방어수준 이상으로 CPV에 대한 항체를 형성하였다. 본 연구는 현재 국내에서 시판 중인 CPV-2와 CPV-2b 백신이 최근 국내에서 주로 분리되는 CPV-2a에 대하여 교차 방어력을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2006

During the prenatal period, the development of the individual is influenced by a host of environmental factors. Exposure to noise stress during pregnancy was determined to result in the retardation of growth, a reduction in neurogenesis, and an impairment of spatial learning ability in the rat pups. In the present study, we have attempted to characterize the effects of prenatal treatment with Cnidium officinale Makino on spatial memory and neurogenesis in the hippocampus of rat pups born from maternal rats exposed to noise stress during pregnancy. Prenatal treatment with Cnidium officinale Makino was shown to increase neurogenesis and enhanced spatial learning ability in rat pups born from maternal rats exposed to noise stress. In this study, we have determined that prenatal treatment with Cnidium officinale Makino can stimulate spatial development and neurogenesis in the brain of the fetuses exposed to prenatal stresses.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.940-948
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• 1994

The present study was designed to determine if prenatal and postnatal Se nutriture affects Se concentration, glutathione peroxidase(GSHPx) activity and phospholipid distribution of the neonatal rat lung. Female SD rats were bred and fed a semipurified Se-deficient(0.04ppm, Se-) or a Se-adequate(0.5ppm, Se+) diet through pregnancy and lactation. On d 2 of lactation, maternal dietary Se had no significant effect on pulmonary Se concentration of pups. On d 16 of lactation, mean milk Se concentration in Se- dams was significantly lower than that in Se+ dams. Milk Se concentration was reflected on lung Se concentration and GSHPx activity of d 16 pups, which were dramatically decreased in Se- pups. In addition, pulmonary disaturated phosphatidyl choline/total phosphatidyl choline ratio was also significantly decreased in Se- pups, implying impaired function of pulmonary surfactant. These data indicate that adequate Se nutrition is important in the maturation of neonatal rat lungs.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2014

Preventive and therapeutic effects of egg yolk antibody, immunoglobulin Y (IgY), against canine parvovirus (CPV) was evaluated in 25 pups orally challenged with CPV-2a. Oral administration of IgY using powder, paste and coated paste delivery systems was compared. Each type of IgY was administered orally for 17 days from 3 days before challenge. The group of pups administered coated IgY showed mild symptoms such as a moderate decrease in total white blood cell count, no depression, vomiting and diarrhea when compared with other groups. The overall clinical score of the group of pups administered coated IgY was significantly lower than that of the challenge control group. However, mortality did not differ among groups because not all pups received symptomatic treatment. These results implied that oral treatment of coated IgY could improve therapeutic effects against CPV challenge if pups received symptomatic treatment.