• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.52-57
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• 2003

Common rail injection system is flexible in injection timing, injection duration and pressure in engine. Many researches have reported on the merits in the application of common rail systems. This research investigated on characteristics and performance for single cylinder diesel engine with a common .ail injection system by varying major parameters such as injection timing, injection duration and common rail pressure. The injection timing and injection duration were controlled by electronic pulse generated. and common rail pressure were controlled by PCV driver. The 498cc single cylinder diesel engine was used in this experiment. All data for combustion pressure, injection timing and injection duration were recorded by Labview. Furthermore, this test was focused on how to optimize injection conditions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.282-288
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• 1989

Theoretical analysis of DF-$CO_2$ transfer chemical laser is performed through simple kinetic model consisting of 30 chemical reactions. In this model, we calculate the power theoretically by solving the rate equations, which are related to the $D_2\;+\;F_2$ chain reaction and the DF-$CO_2$ resonance energy transfer, combined with both the gain processes and the stimulated emission processes. The calculated powers are verified with previously reported results in good agreements. The output energy rises linearly with the increase in pressure, and the duration time of output pulse show the inverse dependence on pressure. Through the detailed calculation of temperature and concentrations of reactants as a function of time, it is found that the deactivation processes of DF(v) can be neglected in low pressure, but they have to be considered in high pressure. From the parametric study for the variation on [$D_2]/[F_2$] and [$CO_2]/[D_2\;+\;F_2$] at several constant total pressure, the optimum lasing conditions are found to be in a range of 1/3 to 1 and 2 to 4, respectively.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2007

The energy efficiency of a self-powered wireless sensing system for pressure monitoring in injection molding is analyzed using Bond graph models. The sensing system, located within the mold cavity, consists of an energy converter, an energy modulator, and a ultrasonic signal transmitter. Pressure variation in the mold cavity is extracted by the energy converter and transmitted through the mold steel to a signal receiver located outside of the mold, in the form of ultrasound pulse trains. Through Bond graph models, the energy efficiency of the sensing system is characterized as a function of the configuration of a piezoceramic stack within the energy converter, the pulsing cycle of the energy modulator, and the thicknesses of the various layers that make up the ultrasonic signal transmitter. The obtained energy models are subsequently utilized to identify the minimum level of signal intensity required to ensure successful detection of the ultrasound pulse trains by the signal receiver. The Bond graph models established have shown to be useful in optimizing the design of the various constituent components within the sensing system to achieve high energy conversion efficiency under a compact size, which are critical to successful embedment within the mold structure.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.75-82
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• 2002

Design for a quiet operation of fluid power system requires the understanding of noise and vibration characteristics of the system. It's not easy to analyze noise problem in hydraulic cylinder used in typical actuator Because they've got complex fluid dynamics. One of the fundamental problems associated with the hydraulic system is the pulsating flow in pipe lines, which can be tackled by the analysis under simplifying assumptions. The present study focuses on theoretic analysis and experimental study on the dynamics of laminar pulsating flow in a circular pipe. We analyze the propagation characteristics of the pressure pulse within a hydraulic pipe line taking into account the pulsating flow frequency variation. We also measure instantaneous pressure pulses within pipe line to identify the transfer functions. We conduct series of experiments to investigate the propagation characteristics of pressure pulse for various pressure of pulsating flow. The working fluid of the present study is ISO VG46 and the temperature ranges from 20 to $60^{\circ}$ with normal pressure at 4000kPa. The flow rate is measured by using an ultrasonic flow meter. Pressures at fixed upstream and downstream positions are measured concurrently. The electric signals of the pressure sensor are stored and analyzed using a system analyzer(PKE 983 series). The frequency is varied in the range of 10~500Hz. The Reynolds number is kept below 2,000. In the present study, boundary condition was varied by installing a surge tank and an orifice at the end of pipe. Experimental and theoretical results were compared each other under various boundary conditions.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.46-59
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• 2002

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the variation of tool electrode edge wear and machining performance outputs, namely, the machining rate (workpiece removal rate), tool wear rate and the relative wear, with the varying machining parameters (pulse time, discharge current and dielectric flushing pressure) in EDM die sinking. The edge wear profiles obtained are modeled by using the circular arcs, exponential and poller functions. The variation of radii of the circular arcs with machining parameters is given. It is observed that the exponential function models the edge wear profiles of the electrodes, very accurately. The variation of exponential model parameters with machining parameters is presented.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.235-244
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• 2008

This study is to develop automatic extraction system of continuous blood pressure using ECG (Electrocardiogram) and PPG(Photoplethysmography) for u-health care technology. PTT (Pulse Transit Time) was determined from peak difference between ECG and PPG and its inverse made to get blood pressure. Since the peaks were vulnerable to be contaminated from noise and variation of amplitude, this study developed the adaptive algorithm for peak calculation in any noise condition. The developed method of the adaptive peak calculation was proven to make the standard deviations of PPT decrease to 28% and the detection of noise increase to 18%. Also, the correlation model such as blood pressure = -0.044 $\cdot$ PTT + 133.592 has successfully been determined for predicting the continuous pressure measured without using cuff but with using PPG and ECG, only.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.314-324
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• 2006

The vacuum characteristics of the KSTAR ICRF antenna were experimentally investigated. The fabricated antenna was installed in the RF Test Chamber(RFTC) which has a vacuum system with an effective pumping speed of 1015 l/s. The time variations of RFTC pressure, total gas load and ultimate pressure were measured before the RF test. RF conditioning effect was studied by repeating RF pulses at low power level. A time variation of the RFTC pressure was measured during a RF power was applied to the antenna. Threshold pressure at which a RF breakdown occurs was investigated. Whenever the pressure was higher than $10^{-4}$ mbar, the RF breakdown occurred. During a long pulse testing, the temperature of the antenna and RFTC pressure were measured to investigate long pulse limitation of the maximum available voltage without any cooling, which were compared with testing results with a water cooling of the antenna.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.510-519
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• 2013

In this study, the spray characteristics of a pressure swirl atomizer classified into a liquid sheet-type swirl nozzle for Urea-SCR system were investigated experimentally with the variation of injection pressure. The length to diameter ratio ($l_o/d$) of the nozzle was 3.1, and the swirler was set inside the nozzle tip to give injecting fluid angular momentum. The injection duration of the nozzle was controlled by PWM (pulse width modulation) modes. The development processes of the spray were imaged by a 2-D PIV system, and the change of spray angle was measured. The atomization characteristics, including axial velocity and SMD, were measured using a 2-D PDA system with the injection pressures at room temperature and ambient pressure conditions. As the experimental results, the injection pressure had a significant impact on the spray structure showing a different shape around the spray leading edge, and the smaller SMD was observed with increasing injection pressures, which was similar to that of the previous work.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1035-1040
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• 2000

The Impingement of a weak shock wave discharged from the open end of a shock tube upon a flat plate was investigated using shock tube experiments and numerical simulations. Harten-Yee Total Variation Diminishing method was used to solve axisymmetric, unsteady, compressible flow governing equations. Computations predicted the experimented results with a good accuracy. The peak pressure on the flat plate was not strongly dependent of the shock wave Mach number in the present range of Mach Number from 1.05 to 1.20. The distance between the plate and shock tube was changed to investigate the effect on the peak pressure. From both the results of experiments and computations we obtained a good empirical equation to predict the peak pressure on the flat plate.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07e
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• pp.1767-1769
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• 1998

We have established a pulsed electron beam generation system with an energy of 200[keV], pulse repetition rate of 200[Hz], and several tens of [${\mu}s$] pulse width. The system is characterized by a cold cathode that is simpler than the hot cathode. Target object does not need to be scanned because of large aperture electron beam of 300[$cm^2$]. Electron source is secondary electrons that are generated when the ions from the glow discharge collide on the cathode surface. In this paper, the discharge current characteristics are investigated experimentally as a function of He gas pressure in order to obtain stable glow discharge. And computer simulations are carried out as a preliminary study for the development of low energy large aperture electron beam generator. The variation of electon beam current is investigated as a function of rising time of high voltage when 20[kV] potential is applied in 20[mTorr] pressure.