• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 1984

The toxic effect of adhesive resins on the dog's pulp tissue was studied with 70 teeth from 5 dogs. The experimental materials were Clearfil, a mixture of Clearfil with calcium hydroxide powder, Panavia-EX, and a mixture of Panavia-EX with calcium hydroxide powder. As a control group, calcium hydroxide powder was used. Each material was placed on the pulpotomized tissue surface. After 3 days, 1, 2,4, and 6 weeks, the teeth and apical tissue were processed routinly and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Pathological tissue changes due to the toxicity of adhesive resins were observed by light microscope, and the pH of Panavia-EX and the Bonding agent of Clearfil were measured. Following were the results; 1. In the group of calcium hydroxide powder, slight inflammatory change was observed in the pulpotomized surface and adjacent pulp tissue on 3 day. 1 week case showed incomplete dentin bridge. The remaining pulp tissue was normalized according to the days elapsed. 2. In the group of Clearfil, early inflammatory change revealed in the superificial portion of the remaining pulp tissue on 3 day. The inflammation spreaded over the total pulp tissue and partial necrosis was observed in 1 week and 2 week cases. Total necrosis of pulp tissue and moderate inflammatory change at the apical tissue was noticed in 4 week and 6 week cases. 3. In the group of Panavia-EX, moderate inflammatory change appeared in the superficial pulp tissue on 3 day, and severe inflammatory change over all pulp tissue found in 1 week case. Pulp necrosis was obvious in 2 week case. 4 week and 6 week cases were totally necrotized up to the periapical tissue. 4. In the groups of mixtures with calcium hydroxide powder, the pulp tissue destruction was retarded, compared with the groups of Clearfil and Panavia-EX. 5. Panavia-EX was more destructive than Clearfil. 6. The acidity of freshly mixed Bonding agent of Cleafil was pH 4.0, and that of Panavia-EX was pH 2.0.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.20.1-20.8
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• 2019

Objectives: To achieve pulp-dentin complex regeneration with tissue engineering, treatment efficacies and safeties should be evaluated using in vivo orthotopic transplantation in a sufficient number of animals. Mice have been a species of choice in which to study stem cell biology in mammals. However, most pulp-dentin complex regeneration studies have used large animals because the mouse tooth is too small. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the utility of the mouse tooth as a transplantation model for pulp-dentin complex regeneration research. Materials and Methods: Experiments were performed using 7-week-old male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice; a total of 35 mice had their pulp exposed, and 5 mice each were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 12 and 14 days after pulp exposure. After decalcification in 5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, the samples were embedded and cut with a microtome and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Slides were observed under a high-magnification light microscope. Results: Until 1 week postoperatively, the tissue below the pulp chamber orifice appeared normal. The remaining coronal portion of the pulp tissue was inflammatory and necrotic. After 1 week postoperatively, inflammation and necrosis were apparent in the root canals inferior to the orifices. The specimens obtained after experimental day 14 showed necrosis of all tissue in the root canals. Conclusions: This study could provide opportunities for researchers performing in vivo orthotopic transplantation experiments with mice.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2012

Patients with diabetes mellitus show delayed wound healing and increased susceptibility to infection. Therefore, the effects of diabetes on pulpal and periodontal healing should be taken into consideration when treating diabetic dental traumatized patients. This case presents the treatment for dental traumatized 20 yr old female with uncontrolled type II diabetes. The traumatized upper central incisors had showed pulpal healing in early days. However, 7 mon after the trauma, the teeth had been diagnosed with pulp necrosis with apical abscess. Eventually, non surgical root canal treatment on the teeth had been performed.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 2011

As the dental pulp is encased with a rigid, noncompliant shell, changes in pulpal blood flow or vascular tissue pressure can have serious implication for the health of pulp. Numerous studies have demonstrated that orthodontic force application may influence both blood flow and cellular metabolism, leading degenerative and/or inflammatory responses in the dental pulp. The aim of this case report is to present a case about tooth with chronic periapical abscess which showed normal vital responses. Excessive orthodontic force is thought to be the prime cause of partial pulp necrosis. Owing to remaining vital tissue, wrong dianosis can be made, and tooth falsely diagnosed as vital may be left untreated, causing the necrotic tissue to destroy the supporting tissuses. Clinician should be able to utilize various diagnostic tools for the precise diagnosis, and be aware of the endodontic-orthodontic inter-relationship.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.311-319
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• 2005

In order to examine the effects of advanced periodontitis on the dental pulps, 38 extracted human teeth were examined histologically. The 38 teeth had a positive or negative state in the electric pulp test(EPT). In addition, almost of the 38 teeth had a deep pocket and severe mobility, and floating state. A medical and dental history was elicited. The extracted teeth fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution. The general tissue processing method was followed. The tissue block including the teeth was prepared for optical microscopy using hematoxillin-eosin staining. Among the 38 periodontally involved teeth, the dental pulps were respectively intact in 12(31%), and a pulp stone(or linear calcifications) was found in 18 teeeth(47%). In addition, 17 teeth(44%) had pulps exhibiting inflammatory reactions with varying intensities, such as hyperemia, pulp abscess, pulp necrosis. Among the 38 periodontally involved teeth, 37 teeth tested a positive to the EPT, and 7 teeth tested negative. The EPT positive 37 teeth had various histological features such as 7 normal pulp(18%), 17 pulp stone(44%), 1 hyperemia (2%), 9 pulpitis(23%), 5 root resorption(13%), 3 pulp abscess(7%), and 3 pulp necrosis(7%), In conclusion, it is suggested that in the EPT positive teeth, advanced periodontally involved teeth can cause inflammation of the dental pulp.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.123-126
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• 2012

It is often presumed that apical periodontitis follows total pulp necrosis, and consequently root canal treatment is commonly performed. Periapical lesion development is usually caused by bacteria and its byproduct which irritate pulp, develop pulpitis, and result in necrosis through an irreversible process. Afterwards, apical periodontitis occurs. This phenomenon is observed as an apical radiolucency in radiographic view. However, this unusual case presents a spontaneous healing of periapical lesion, which has developed without pulp necrosis in a vital tooth, through conservative treatment.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.8
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• pp.658-665
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• 2016

Treatment of immature permanent teeth with irreversibly damaged pulp has been challenging in dental practice because of the lack of apical constriction, thin dentinal walls, and short roots. This may lead to the extrusion of filling materials, and fracture of the root due to its more fragile feature during shaping of the root canal. Apexification with calcium hydroxide or MTA is one of the treatment options for these cases. Although favorable results of apexification have been reported, these treatment procedures do not guarantee the increase of root length and/or width even after a long term period. Thus, treated teeth are still prone to fractures. Recently, pulp revascularization has been proposed as an alternative treatment for immature teeth with necrotic pulp and periapical pathosis. Pulp revascularization allows the stimulation of the apical development and the root maturation. There have been many treatment protocols using various materials such as antibiotics and calcium hydroxide medicament. In this case report, literature review about pulp revascularization and two related cases are presented.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.25 no.7 s.218
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• pp.665-672
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• 1987

In order to study the effects of advanced periodontitis on pulps, 36 human teeth were examined histologically. In addition, a medical and dental history was elicited. The pulps were intact, uninflammed in only 9 teeth (25%) of 36 periodontally involved teeth. 27 teeth (75%) had pulps exhibiting inflammatory lesions of varing intensities. Of 27 teeth with pathological pulp tissue alterations, focal reversible pulpitis was found in 4 teeth, chronic pulpitis in 13 teeth, pulp abscess in 6 teeth, and pulp necrosis in 4 teeth. These observations appeared to indicate that teeth with dvanced periodontitis produce a high incidence of degenertion and inflammation of the pulp. Responses to electric pulp test were not found to be reliable indicators of the state of the pulp in periodontally involved teeth.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.522-528
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• 2006

When tooth is displaced within the alveolar bone, it could apply pressure and rupture the apical vessels. Pulpal reaction in such case is affected by the stage of root formation, amount of intrusion and pulpal infection. Determining the need of pulp treatment depends on the pulp vitality. Therefore, periodic vitality tests, coronal color changes and radiographic root resorption signs should be observed through periodic post-trauma follow-up. Pulp necrosis, pulp canal obliteration, external root resorption, root ankylosis and marginal bone loss could result from periodontal injuries. Negative sign changes from positive signs of vitality tests suggest pulp necrosis. In this case, pulp treatment should be held before root resorption occurs. By comparing the following two cases, complications of intrusion and factors producing them could be confirmed, thus we propose to report these two cases.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.710-719
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• 1997

Aucubin, an iridoid glucoside, which is isolated from Aucuba japonica, has some biological effects. This study was to investigate the effect of aucubin on the remainig pulp tissues after pulpotomy. Mongrel dog's coronal pulps were mechanically exposed with a sterile round bur and excised with sterile sharp excarvator. After bleeding was controlled, in control group, $Ca(OH)_2$ powder was applied on the remaining pulps and the cavities were sealed with Z.O.E. cement. In experimental group 1, mixed powder with $Ca(OH)_2$ and aucubin(l : 1 by weight) was applied on the pulpotomized pulp surfaces. After the cavities were covered with sterile aluminum foil, they were sealed with Z.O.E. cement. In experimental group 2, only aucubin powder was applied on the remaining pulps and then they were treated the same as experimental group 1. In the all groups, the pulps were histopathologically observed by light microscope at the time intervals of 1, 2 and 4 weeks after experiment. The results were as follows : 1. In control and experimental groups, mild vascular congestion and bleeding were found in most of the specimens. Less inflammatory infiltration was observed in experimental groups than in control group. 2. Dentin bridge formation was found after 1 week at both control and experimental group 1. Dentin birdge had discontinuous osteodentin like appearance or contained some dentin chips. In experimental group 2, dentin bridge was not seen. 3. The coagulation necrosis layer on the remaining pulp tissues was seen in all groups. In experimental group 2, the thickest layer was observed. And in control group, coagulation necrosis layer was similar as in experimental group 1.