• Toxicological Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.329-337
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• 2010

Inhaled inorganic dusts, such as coal, can cause inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs, known as pneumoconiosis. Diagnosis of pneumoconiosis depends on morphological changes by radiological findings and functional change by pulmonary function test (PFT). Unfortunately, current diagnostic findings are limited only to lung fibrosis, which is usually irreversibly progressive. Therefore, it is important that research on potential and prospective biomarkers for pneumoconiosis should be conducted prior to initiation of irreversible radiological or functional changes in the lungs. Analytical techniques using exhaled breath condensate (EBC) or exhaled gas are non-invasive methods for detection of various respiratory diseases. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers, such as EBC pH or fractional exhaled nitric oxide ($FE_{NO}$), and pneumoconiosis among 120 retired coal miners (41 controls and 79 pneumoconiosis patients). Levels of EBC pH and FENO did not show a statistically significant difference between the pneumoconiosis patient group and pneumoconiosis patients with small opacity classified by International Labor Organization (ILO) classification. The mean concentration of $FE_{NO}$ in the low percentage $FEV_1$ (< 80%) was lower than that in the high percentage (80% $\leq$) (p = 0.023). The mean concentration of $FE_{NO}$ in current smokers was lower than that in non smokers (never or past smokers) (p = 0.027). Although there was no statistical significance, the levels of $FE_{NO}$ in smokers tended to decrease, compared with non smokers, regardless of pneumoconiosis. In conclusion, there was no significant relationship between the level of EBC pH or $FE_{NO}$ and radiological findings or PFT. The effects between exhaled biomarkers and pneumoconiosis progression, such as decreasing PFT and exacerbation of radiological findings, should be monitored.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.690-705
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• 1995

Pulmonary function tests were conducted on 815 healthy primary school children (390 males and 425 female) in rural area using Collins Survey Spirometer (Warren E. Collins, Inc., U.S.A.) with X-Y Recorder. Respiratory symptoms(cough, sputum, sore throat, chest pain, chest tightness, dyspnea, coryza) were surveyed by the interviews. Multiple regression analysis and regression diagnostics were done for prediction equations of FVC, $FEV_1,\;PEFR\;and\;FEF_{25-75%}$. FVC, $FEV_1,\;PEFR\;and\;FEF_{25-75%}$ values in 3 groups of children classified by the number of symptom were compared each other through standard variable value. FVC, $FEV_1,\;PEFR\;and\;FEF_{25-75%}$ showed highly significant correlation with age, height and weight. Prediction equations for FVC, $FEV_1,\;PEER,\;FEF_{25-75%}$ are functions of height only in both male and female children aged between 6 and 12 years old. PEFR showed a significant difference related with the number of symptom in female. These results suggest that the PEFR is sensitive PFT parameter in this study.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.505-511
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the difference about pathogenesis of smoker and non-smoker. Author used DSOM to investigate oriental pathogenesis. Smoke group is consisted of people who have history of smoke, and they don't have history of lung disease(Athma, tuberculosis, COPD, suchlike). Non-smoke group is consisted of people who have no history of smoke and they also don't have history of lung disease. Author carried out each group's PFT(Pulmonary Function Test) by AST(American Thoracic Society) method. DSOM was used for pathogenesis investigation of two groups. There was significant difference between smoke group and non-smoke group in FVC (p<0.05), and In non-smoke group, there was significant difference between male and famale in FVC, FVC%, FEV1, FEV1%. There was significant difference between smoke group and non-smoke group in Heat(熱), Cold(寒)(p<0.05). In Male grouop there was significant difference between smoker and non-smoker in deficiency of Deficiency of Yin(陰虛), Heat(熱). In non-smoke group comparison of sex, there was significant difference between male and female in Deficiency of blood(血虛), dampness(濕)(p<0.05). This result showed that the difference of pathogenesis between smoke group and non-smoke group.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.43-57
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• 1995

In order to study the effect of welding fume exposure upon the pulmonary function test, we examined 131 shielded arc welding workers, and 152 $CO_2$ arc welding workers as cases and 177 control workers for their general characteristics, and forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second $(FEV_{1.0})$, forced expiratory volume in one second as a percent of FVC $(FEV_{1.0}%)$, and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMF) were obtained from the spirogram. In shielded arc welding group and $CO_2$ arc welding group, FVC, $FEV_{1.0},\;FEV_{1.0}%$, and MMF were significantly decreased than control group, especially marked in the MMF finding. The distribution of workers below normal range was as follows. in the shielded arc welding group, 2 workers(1.5%) for FVC, 17 workers(13.0%) for $FEV_{1.0}$, 5 workers(3.8%) for $FEV_{1.0}%$, 28 workers(21.4%) for MMF, and in the $CO_2$ arc welding group, 3 workers(2.0%) for FVC, 25 workers(16.4%) for $FEV_{1.0}$, 8 workers(5.3%) for $FEV_{1.0}%$, and 37 workers(24.3%) for MMF, and significant increase by exposure duration was found in MMF. The distribution of workers who had ventilation impairment was as follows: 5 workers(3.8%) for obstructive type, 2 workers(1.5%) for restrictive type in the shielded arc welding group, and 7 workers(4.6%) for obstructive type, 2 workers(1.3%) for restrictive type, and 1 worker(0.6%) was combined type of the $CO_2$ arc welding group. In the respect of these results, the significant pulmonary function and ventilatory impairment were observed in welding fume exposed workers who had not abnormal finding in chest X-ray, and MMF considered as the most sensitive pulmonary function index by welding fume exposure. Therefore even if it is hard to doing pulmonary function test in the first health examination of workers according to the Industrial Safety Health Act in the welding fume exposure workers, it is desirable to consider doing PFT. Also evaluating the ventilation impairment, it is necessary, to observe the change of MMF that marker of effort-independent portion.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2006

연구배경 : 폐결핵의 치료 후에도 폐의 섬유화, 기관지확장증, 공동 등의 구조적 변화와 이로 인한 폐기능의 악화가 발생하는 경우가 있지만, 이러한 폐결핵의 합병증에 대한 발병기전에 대해 거의 알려진 것이 없다. Transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$)은 손상 받은 조직의 정상적인 치유과정의 매개체와 세기관지주위 섬유화에 주요한 기여인자로서 작용한다고 알려졌다. 저자들은 폐결핵의 영상학적 진행 및 폐기능의 변화와 $TGF-{\beta}1$ 농도와의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 대상 환자 35명 중 남자가 17명, 여자가 18명이었고 연령분포는 22세에서 65세로 중앙값은 46세였다 모든 환자에서 폐결핵 치료 전에 혈청과 기관지폐포 세첵액(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, BALF)를 폐결핵 치료 이전에 채취하여 $TGF-{\beta}1$을 측정하였으며 폐기능검사와 고해상도 흉부전산화단층촬영(high resolution computed tomography, HRCT)을 치료 전과 후에 시행하여 비교분석하였다. 기관지폐포 세척액의 식염수와의 희석정도를 보정하기 위해 epithelial lining fluid (ELF) 용적을 알부민 교정방법에 구하여 기관지폐포 세척액에서 $TGF-{\beta}1$의 농도를 교정하였다 결 과: 치료 전의 BAL $TGF-{\beta}1$ 농도는 치료 전의 HRCT에 의한 영상학적 점수와는 상관관계를 보이지 않았으며 치료 전의 혈청 $TGF-{\beta}1$ 농도는 공동과 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.46, p<0.01). 6개월간의 치료기간 동안 HRCT에 의한 영상학적 변화및 폐기능의 변화와는 $TGF-{\beta}1$ 농도가 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 결 론: 폐결핵에서 치료 전 혈청 $TGF-{\beta}1$ 농도는 공동의 진행 정도와 관련이 있었지만 이의 확인을 위해서는 추가적인 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.506-518
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• 2002

연구배경 : 특발성 간질성 폐렴에서 폐섬유화를 일으키는 주된 세포인 섬유아세포를 활성화시키면서 폐포 상피 세포의 세포사멸에 큰 역할을 하는 것으로 알려진 angiotensin II와 antiotensin converting enzyrne(ACE) 혈청 수치를 측정하여, 이들과 환자의 폐기능, 호흡곤란 정도, 기관지폐포세척액에서 세포 분획과의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 저자들은 가천의대 길병원에서 특발성 간질성 폐렴으로 진단된 23명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 이들 모두에서 내원 당시 혈청 ACE와 angiotensin II를 측정하여 각각을 증가군과 비증가군으로 나누었으며 환자들의 폐기능 검사, 호흡곤란 정도 지수, 기관지폐포세척술상 세포 분획을 측정하여 비교하였다. 결 과 : 전체 환자 23명에서 혈청 ACE 증가군은 14명, 비증가군은 9명이었고, angiotensin II의 경우 증가군이 14명, 비증가군이 9명이였다. DLCO%의 경우 angiotensin II 비증가군이 $64.0{\pm}19.8%$, 증가군이 $51.6{\pm}18.7%$로 증가군에서 유의한 수준으로 감소된 소견을 보였다(p=0.021). 결 론 : 특발성 간질성 폐렴 환자 중 혈청 angiotensin II의 비정상적인 증가가 있는 군에서 폐확산능의 유의한 감소가 보여 angiotensin II의 증가가 폐 섬유화의 진행 과정에서 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 생각되며, 그 기전에 대한 연구가 지속적으로 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.182-189
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• 1991

Fourteen patients underwent surgical resection of bullae between February, 1987 and June, 1990 via median sternotomy. Twelve patients had spontaneous pneumothorax with previous history of pneumothorax on the contralateral side or visible bullae on chest X-ray films. Two patients had bullous emphysema. The duration of operation and admission, frequency and amount of analgesic administered for pain control, pulmonary function test [FEV1, FVC, MVV] and the amount of bleedings were compared with six cases of staged unilateral thoracotomy. The results were as follows: 1. All patients were male. 2. Mean follow up period was 13.5 month and no recurrence of pneumothorax are noted after the operation. 3. Median sternotomy showed shortened admission days than thoracotomy. [12.4$\pm$2.7, 15.6$\pm$3.1 days] 4. Significantly shortened anesthetic time in median sternotomy than thoracotomy [121$\pm$21, 184$\pm$33 minutes] 5. Median sternotomy required less injection of analgesics than thoracotomy. [6.5$\pm$2.7, 13.5$\pm$3.1 ampules] 6. Bleeding amount and PFT showed no differences. 7. Complications were prolonged air leakage for more than 7 days [2 patients], transient elevation of SGOT and SGPT[2 patients], and wound infection[1 patient]

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effects of sagittal spinopelvic alignment on the clinical parameters, motor symptoms, and respiratory function in patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: This study was a prospective assessment of treated patients (n=28, Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage 2-3) in a PD center. Twenty-eight subjects ($68.5{\pm}5.7yrs$) participated in this study. The clinical and demographic parameters, including age, sex, symptoms duration, treatment duration, and H&Y stage, were collected. Kinematic analysis was conducted in the upright standing posture with a motion capture system. A pulmonary function test (PFT) was performed in the sitting position using a spirometer. The motor symptoms were assessed on part III of the movement disorder society sponsored version of the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS). SPSS 18.0 was used to analyze the collected data. Results: The exceeding 12 degrees group of the lower trunk showed significantly higher on the clinical parameters than the below 12 degrees group. In addition, the exceeding 12 degrees group of the lower trunk showed a significantly lower forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) / forced vital capacity (FVC) (%) and 25-75% forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF) (L/s) than in the below group. On the other hand, there was no difference in the upper trunk and the cervical pelvis between the groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the sagittal balance in the lower trunk is related to the clinical parameters and respiratory function, but not the motor symptoms in patients with mild to moderate PD.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.433-444
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• 2017

본 연구는 심혈관 질환을 공통적으로 동반하는 폐기능 장애와 대사증후군 관계에 대한 연구이다. 이들 질환이 상호 관련성이 있다는 가정 하에 폐기능 장애와 대사증후군간의 상호 관련성 여부를 확인하여 올바른 질환 관리를 위한 초석을 마련하고자 하였다. 자료는 국민건강 영양조사 자료중 2008년부터 2013년까지 6년간 자료를 통합한 53,829건에서, 폐기능 검사를 시행한 만 40세 이상으로 모든 혼란 변수를 통제한 정제된 자료 8,137명(남자, 3,951명, 여자 4,186명)의 자료를 사용하였다. 폐기능 장애는 GOLD(Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease)기준에 따라 폐쇄성, 제한성으로 구분하였고, 대사증후군은 개정된 NCEP-ATPIII(National Cholesterol Education Program-Expert Panel-Adult Treatment Panel III)기준을 사용하였다. 연관성 분석은 로지스틱 회귀분석을, 유병률은 교차 분석을 시행하였다. 연구 결과, 연관성 분석에서 폐쇄성 폐질환은 대사증후군과 직접적인 관련성을 보이지 않았으며 제한성 폐질환은 대사증후군과 직접적인 관련성을 보였다. 유병률 분석에서는 폐쇄성 폐질환과 제한성 폐질환 모두 대조군보다 높은 대사증후군 유병률을 보였다. 그러나 제한성 폐질환의 대사증후군 유병률이 폐쇄성 폐질환의 대사증후군 유병률보다 더 높았다. 결론적으로 폐쇄성이 아니라 제한성 폐질환이 대사증후군과 유의한 연관성을 보였고 대사증후군 유병률도 더 높았다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.355-365
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to better understand the relationship between health effects and exposure to dusts from a briquette fuel complex in Ansim, Daegu, Korea. Methods: The subjects of this study consisted of 2,980 persons over 40 years old who had lived 20 years or more around a briquette fuel complex in Daegu. We conducted a questionnaire survey, and chest radiography was performed. In addition, chest computed tomography(CT) (335 cases) and pulmonary function test(PFT) (658 cases) were done. Pneumoconiosis was diagnosed if one of three radiologists determined(or suspected) pneumoconiosis. We also conducted in-depth interviews for pneumoconiosis cases. We defined the exposed group as subjects residing within a 500 meter radius from the walls of the briquette fuel complex, and the others were defined as the control group. Results: Subjects in the exposed and control groups are respectively 715(24%) and 2,265 cases(76%). Major respiratory symptoms in the exposed group such as sputum, dyspnea, chest tightness and wheezing were significantly higher than in the control group. By chest radiography, 173 cases of pneumoconiosis or suspicious pneumoconiosis were detected. By PFT, 62 cases(29.5%) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) among 210 asymptomatic subjects were detected. Finally, by chest CT we concluded 28 cases to be pneumoconiosis, and eight cases among them proved to be pneumoconiosis by environmental exposure. Conclusions: Through this study, we concluded that health outcomes such as respiratory symptoms, pneumoconiosis, and COPD were caused by continuous exposure to dusts from the briquette fuel complex. Policies to reduce environmental exposure are needed, and cases of environmental disease should be intensively followed up by the government.