• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.405-411
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• 2024

This study aims to address the sustainability of South Korea's conscription system, which is being questioned due to issues like low birth rates and societal changes, and to explore the necessity and implementation strategies for transitioning to an all-volunteer force (AVF). South Korea has long maintained national security through conscription, but it now faces challenges such as a decrease in military resources and the advancement of high-tech military technologies. To address these challenges, the study analyzes domestic and international cases of AVF and assesses the current state and issues of South Korea's military service system. The findings indicate that an AVF can enhance military professionalism and efficiency, respect individual choice, and contribute to reducing gender imbalance and promoting social equity. A phased roadmap for the implementation of the AVF is proposed, along with the need for legal and institutional frameworks and measures to foster public consensus. The study also discusses the potential positive economic impacts and long-term cost savings of the AVF. This research aims to provide concrete strategies and policy recommendations for adopting a Korean-style AVF, thereby proactively responding to changes in the future security environment and establishing a sustainable national defense posture.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.693-700
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• 2024

As of the end of March 2022, the total area of domestic industrial complexes is 606 km2, which is only about 0.6% of the total land area. However, as of 2018, the annual energy consumption of domestic industrial complexes is 110,866.1 thousand TOE, accounting for 53.5% of the country's total energy consumption and 83.1% of the entire industrial sector energy consumption. In addition, industrial complexes have a significant impact on the environment, accounting for 45.1% of the country's total greenhouse gas emissions and 76.8% of industrial sector greenhouse gas emissions. Under this background, in this study, in order to contribute to the energy efficiency of industrial complexes, a prediction study on energy demand and supply for an industrial complex in Korea using machine learning was conducted. In addition, a simulator UI screen was designed to more efficiently convey information on energy demand/supply prediction results and energy consumption status. Among the machine learning algorithms, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) was used, and Bayesian Optimization was applied as an optimization technique for the prediction model. The energy prediction model for the industrial complex built in this study showed a prediction accuracy of 87.90% for compressed air demand and 99.54% for the flow rate available for the public air compressor.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.23-31
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to present the direction of teacher training to the future society by analyzing the key directions for teacher training announced by the Teacher Education and Training Department of the Ministry of Education for the past three years (2021, 2022, and 2023). The research results are as follows. First, there has been no change in the background for teacher training over the past three years. The background for the promotion of teacher training over the past three years is to increase teacher expertise, respond to the future environment, improve the quality of teacher training, and secure momentum for educational policy. The details of the background for the promotion have also remained unchanged over the past three years. Second, the teacher training vision for the past three years is innovation in the teacher training system. To this end, the vision is to lead changes in the future educational environment in 2021, to lead future public education in 2022, and to provide customized educational support for individual students in 2023. In terms of training goals, in 2021, the goal is to continuously develop professionalism appropriate for the life stage of teachers and enhance teacher core competencies suitable for the future educational environment, and in 2022, to strengthen teacher capabilities appropriate for the future education system and secure social trust through enhancing teacher training. In 2023, the focus is on changing classroom teaching through strengthening teacher capabilities suitable for the future education system and improving teacher training. There are three main directions for teacher training over the past three years. First, customized training support, second, strengthening the future training system, and third, improving teacher training. These three are all similar over the past three years. In conclusion, there has been no significant change in the direction of teacher training over the past three years.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.209-216
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• 2024

This study examines the drama "Still in Marronnier Park"(2005) to examine the strategies by which the drama communicates Korean society and literature of the 1960s to the public. The drama focuses on three characters to characterize the historical upheavals of the 1960s and the literary response. In particular, the drama tackles the historical events of the time head-on by introducing characters who are real-life politicians. Therefore, the drama explains historical events through narrators, interviews, and video footage, and at the same time, it helps us understand how political and social events affected the inner lives of Koreans. Through the narratives of Kim Ji-ha and Kim Seung-ok, the drama also conveys how Korean literature responded to unjust realities in the political and social context of the 1960s. Kim Ji-ha's rebellion against those in power and Kim Seung-ok's depiction of her inner landscape are used to portray the response of literature to political reality. Although the drama has the limitation of being somewhat typical, it raises meaningful questions about the meaning of literature in the political and social context of the 1960s and how the memory of the 1960s has left a trace in the minds of Koreans.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.48
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• pp.147-176
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• 2016

Korean Peninsula is surrounded by ocean on three sides. Because of this geographical quality over 97% of export and import volumes are exchange by sea. Foreign ship and international passenger vessels carries foreign tourist and globalization and internationalization increases this trends. Leisure population grows with national income increase and interest of ocean. And accidents and incidents rates are also increases. Korea Coast Guard's jurisdiction area is 4.5 times bigger than our country. The length of coastline is 14,963km including islands. One patrol vessel is responsible for 24,068km and one coast guard substation is responsible for 94km. Efficient patrol activities can not be provided. This research focus on this problem. Analyze the status and trends of maritime crime and suggest efficient patrol activities. To deal with increasing maritime crime rate this study suggest to use geographical profile method which developed early 1900s in USA. This geographical profile analyse the spatial characteristic and mapping this result. With this result potential crime zone can be predicted. One of the result is hot spot management which gives data about habitual crime zone. In Korea National Police Agency adopt this method in 2008 and apply on patrol and crime prevention activity by analysis of different criteria. Korea National Police Agency analyse the crime rate with crime type, crime zone and potential crime zone, and hourly, regionally criteria. Korea Coast Guard need to adopt this method and apply on maritime to make maritime crime map, which shows type of crime with regional, periodical result. With this geographical profiling we can set a Criminal Point which shows the place where the crime often occurs. The Criminal Points are set with the data of numerous rates such as homicide, robbery, burglary, missing, collision which happened in ocean. Set this crime as the major crime and manage the data more thoroughly. I expect to enhance the reinforcement of marine crime using this Criminal Points. Because this points will give us efficient way to prevent the maritime crime by placing the patrol vessel where they needed most.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.41
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• pp.293-326
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• 2014

Piracy is a worldwide issue, but the deteriorating security situation in the seas off Somalia, the Gulf of Aden and the wider Western Indian Ocean between 2005 and 2012 and in the increasing number of attacks in the Gulf of Guinea are a major problem. The depth of concern for the problem internationally is amply demonstrated by the levels of co-operation and coordination among naval and other forces from several countries that have assembled in the west Indian Ocean region and the Gulf of Aden to escort ships carrying humanitarian aid to Somalia and to protect vulnerable shipping. Notwithstanding this unprecedented effort, the vast sea area in which the pirates now operate makes it difficult to patrol and monitor effectively, particularly with the limited resources available. More resources, in the form of naval vessels and aircraft, are needed and at every opportunity the IMO encourages Member Governments to make greater efforts to provide the additional naval, aerial surveillance and other resources needed through every means possible. IMO provide interim guidance and recommendations to be taken into account when considering the use of PCASP(privately contracted armed security personnel) if and when a flag State determines that such a measure would be lawful and, following a full risk assessment, appropriate. The interim guidance and recommendations of IMO are not intended to endorse or institutionalize the use of armed guards. Therefore, they do not represent any fundamental change of policy by the Organization in this regard. It is for each flag State, individually, to decide whether or not PCASP should be authorized for use on board ships flying their flag. If a flag State decides to permit this practice, it is up to that State to determine the conditions under which authorization will be granted. Therefore, Korea should be introduced rationally PCASP for safe shipping. PCASP on board ships is much the same to special guard personnel of security services industry act. Act plan of Oceans and fisheries ministry on PCASP collides with special guard personnel system of National Police Agency. Rather than new law making, PCASP regukations have to be included in security services industry act. Management Agency of PCASP is to not Oceans and fisheries ministry, but Central Headquarters Korea Coast Guard of Public Safety and Security Ministry because of specialty and closely connection.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

This study was performed to determine risk ranking of the combination of pathogen-livestock or livestock products to identify the most significant public health risks and to prioritize risk management strategies. First, we reviewed foodborne outbreak data related to livestock products and determined main vehicles and pathogens according to the number of outbreak and case. Second, expert's opinion about management priority of pathogen-livestock product pairing was surveyed with 19 livestock experts in the university, research center, and government agency. Lastly, we used the outcome of Risk Ranger (semi-quantitative risk ranking tool) of 14 combinations of pathogen and livestock or livestock products. We have classified the combination of pathogen-livestock products into group I (high risk), II (medium risk), and III (low risk) according to their risk levels and management priority. Group I, which is the highest risk for foodborne outbreak, includes Salmonella spp./egg and egg products, Campylobacter spp./poultry, pathogenic E. coli/meat and processed ground meat. In conclusion, the results of this study will provide the specific guideline of mid- and long-term planning for risk assessment and risk management prioritization of the combination of pathogen and livestock, or livestock product.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.5 no.1 s.9
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• pp.93-123
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• 2005

This work has following two research goals. First, IVF treatments that have been recently going on in Korea are reexamined from the perspective of women's reproductive rights. Second, the intimate connection between IVF and therapeutic cloning research, in that remnant embryos and eggs that have been secured through IVF treatments have served as a main source of supply for therapeutic cloning research, has been emphasized. The fact that the influencing power of tradition on Korean families and women and IVF techniques eventually joined their hands in support of therapeutic cloning research is noted. Analysis of experiences of infertility by women in the realms of family, medical care during IVF treatment, and therapeutic cloning research that requires continuous supply of eggs leads to following conclusions. First, in the realm of family, infertile women were not only relegated to the status of abnormality but pressured to question their own womanhood. Under this circumstance, IVF treatment helped to reinforce the traditional concept of biological motherhood, thus categorizing married women giving birth to babies and married women who can't or refuses to do so to 'normal ones' and 'abnormal ones' respectively. Second, in the realm of medical care an infertile woman could rediscover her own body during the process of IVF treatment. By going through the processes of hormone treatment, implantation, conception, miscarriage, and so on, she could realize that her own body is understood in diverse ways to her, her family, and the medical profession. Third, in the realm of the state, IVF treatment that was serving as the main supplier of research materials for therapeutic cloning research has been able to avoid controversy in public discourses since the latter has emerged as a signifier of new national economic workhorse for the 21st century. As therapeutic cloning research went into high gear, the status of women as egg providers began to assume a political dimension. Women as egg providers are called upon to take on a paradoxical role as patriotic contributors to national economy on the one hand and as guardians of sacred 'life' on the other hand. The direction and progress of the research will depend on the ways that women comply, compromise, and/or resist the contradiction brought about by being assigned to assume these two identities: the one as a member of the nation requested to serve as a part of national economic development project, even though considered ineligible for financial recompense, and the other one as a guardian of sacred 'life,' even though she have to serve the research that is allowed to create a 'life' to destroy a 'life.'

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.4
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• pp.5-29
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• 1995

Occupational health services in Korea have been operated as dual types : one is operated by occupational health care manager and the other is health care agency without their own personnel. The performance of occupational health service should be different due to the variety of characteristics of health care manager and workplace, qualification of health care manager. This study is to analyze performance of occupational health care services with a particular consideration of job performance shape and efficiency, based on comparing those two types of health care management to show on the basic data for the settlement of more qualitative health care management system at workplace. For this study, total 391 places in Seoul and Inchon city area ; 154 places (39.4%) managed by designated health care manager and 237 places (60.6%) by the agency with their commission are selected as research samples. Tools for data collection are questionnares that have been investigated during the period of 20 September 1993-20 December 1993. Those data are compared with percentiles, mean, standard deviation and B/C ratio using SPSS PC program. Conclusions observed from the tests and each comparison could be summerized as follows : 1. Occupational health care have been accomplished at workplaces with designated people than with agencies people, and coverage rate of the occupational health care services has differences, due to management types. The reason of these results is due to visit only one or two times monthly by the agencies, while their own health care manager obsess, at the workplaces all the times. 2. Most of the expense for environmental control of all health care services expenditures shows that there is almost no fundamental improvement because more expenses are needed for procuring personal protective equipment and measuring work environment instead of environmental improvement. 3. It is investigated how much the cost of occupational health care services needs per worker, and calculated how much the cost needs per service hour per worker. The results from this show that the cost of occupational health services at workplaces with their own managers used less than the cost of health care agencies, eventually the former gives better services with less cost than the latter. 4. Benefit/Cost ratio is also produced by total benefit/total cost. The result from the above way reads 4.57 as a whole, while their own manager having workplaces reads 4.82 and the agencies do l.56. Even if their own manager performing workplaces spent more cost, this system produces more benefit than the agencies management. 5. The B/C ratio for medical organization such as local clinic, health care center and pharmacy shows more than or equal to at the workplaces controlled by the agencies. It is inferred that benefit would be much less than the cost used, with so being inefficient. 6. It is assumed that the efficiency ratio of health education is equal to reduction rate of workers medical organization visit. Estimated reduction rate 5%, 10%, 15%, show that the efficiency ratio of health education have an effect on producing benefits. It is estimated that more benefit can be produced if more qualitative education will be provided for enhancing health care efficiency. 7. Results of this study cannot be generalized because there are large scale of deviation in case of workplaces with less than 300 full time workers, but B/C ratio reads 2.69 as a whole and 3.25 at workplaces with their own health care manager are higher than 1.63 at the workplaces manged by the agencies. Finally, all the benefit concerning health care services could not be quantified, measured and shown on the value of money. This is a reason that a considerable part of benefits are so underestimated. This is also thought that measurement tools should be developed for measuring benefits of health care services with a comprehensive quantification. in the future. It is also expected that efficiency of occupational health care services should be investigated using cost-effectiveness analysis.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.28
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• pp.3-33
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• 2011

The Office of Crown Properties was established to manage the property of royal properties as an institution belonging to the Department of the Royal Household in April, 1895. However, as the Great Han Empire established and various policies enforcing the power of the emperor became introduced, the Office of Crown Properties came to be expanded to a large financial agency that would be in charge of various financial sources such as Public Land and Maritime Tax. As the Office of Crown Properties came to manage various income sources, it classified the documents dealing with various government agencies in the Capital and other countryside regions by the unit of Section. The Office of Crown Properties classified the documents by Section and filed them according to Sending/Receiving subject. Sometimes, it filed one kind of document only but sometimes many different kinds of documents were filed together. The types of the document can show the characteristics of the document and the hierarchy of the related agencies through the document name. The fact that they filed the documents with different grades in one file shows that the hierarchy of the agency they dealt with was not the primary standard of the filing and that they did not file the documents by its type. The Office of Crown Properties did not file the related documents in the same file, either. We can say the documents are related if they were corresponded with other agencies while they dealt with a specific item. However, they did not file the related documents in the same file but distinguished sending documents from receiving documents. The reason why they filed different kind documents in the same file and separated the related documents in different file was they took 'whether they were sent or received' as the primary filing standard. They separated the sending documents from the receiving documents first and then filed them according to time regardless of the region or institution. The Office of Crown Properties primarily classified the documents by Section, classified the documents with the standard of whether they were receiving documents or sending documents and then filed them in a file according to the time. It means that the Office of Crown Properties came to create the Official Document Classification and filing system.