• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.65-86
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• 1990

Living conditions of the rural elderly were assessed in terms of clothing behavior, health and nutritional status, housing and envioronmental condition, and psychological adjustment. The subjects were eighty individuals over sixty residing in the rural community of Iksan-kun, Chollabukdo. The interview method using questionnaires, direct measurement, and observation was used for this study. Data were compared with those obtained from a previous study of the elderly residing in an urban area. Clothing behavior showed that the elderly residing in the rural community were more concerned about plain and conservative design of clothes than their urban counterparts. Special protective clothes for cropdusting with agricultural chemicals had not been prepared. The following urgent needs were pointed out: development and supply of agricultural chemical protective clothing and development and education of appropriate washing and clothing care methods. The health status of the elderly was generally good, but poor eating habits were found more frequently in the rural elderly than among the urban dwellers. Several dietary nutrient intakes were insufficient. Contrasting the urban elderly with the rural group, it was found that the urban group lacked sufficient vitamin A and vitamin C and the urban women had insufficient calorie whereas the rural group was deficient in protein, vitamin A, calorie, and fat. A significant relationship was found between dietary nutrient intake and health index, food habit points, self recognized health status, meal satisfaction, and economic status. Urgent needs of the development of a nutrition education program for the elderly were pointed out. Most of elderly residing in the surveyed rural communities were living alone or with their spouse only, therefore only one room was used among the three or four available rooms. Most of the rural elderly were living either in a traditional Korean house built with differing floor levels or in a modified Korean style house. Minimal modernization had been made for kitchen facilities such as sink and gas range or for heating facilities with the briquette boiler. However, sanitary space such as lavatory and bathroom had not been remodeled. A housing welfare program for rural communities should be implemented at the national level. The comparison of psychological characteristics of the rural elderly with their city counterparts revealed that the rural elderly have a more stable psychological status and optimistic attitude than those living in a city. However, it was found that most of the elderly did not have any future plan. Community programs for the elderly including hobbies or leisure activities or education programs to generate close interpersonal relationships with their children should be developed and provided.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.169-187
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• 2016

Objective: This study aimed to identify profiles based on early childhood and elementary school teachers' goal orientations and to examine differences in teacher efficacy, psychological wellbeing, and job satisfaction among these profile groups. Methods: Data were collected through a teacher questionnaire. The teacher goal-orientation scale consisted of six sub-dimensions: growth, leisure, wealth, relationship, promotion, and social contribution. Data were analyzed using latent profile analyses. Results: Latent profile analyses revealed three distinct profile groups: one group characterized by higher scores across all six dimensions (balanced-goal-orientation group); another characterized by lower scores on all six dimensions, with a relatively higher score on the relationship dimension (relationship-goal-oriented group); another one characterized by lower scores on all dimensions except the leisure goal (leisure-goal-oriented group). MANOVA showed that the balanced-goalorientation group was significantly higher in total years of teaching, educational attainment, and age, compared to the leisure-goal-oriented group. In regression analyses, when controlling for educational attainment, teacher types (kindergarten vs. elementary school) did not significantly predict each of the dummy-coded profile groups (0 = no, 1 = yes). When taking into account teachers' age and educational attainment, belonging to the balanced-goal-orientation group was consistently associated with higher levels of teacher efficacy, job satisfaction, and psychological well-being, whereas the opposite pattern was observed in leisure-goal-oriented group. Conclusion: These findings imply that it is crucial to help pre- and in-service kindergarten and elementary school teachers foster a balance between different types of goals, which would ultimately strengthen and stabilize the supply of a teaching force and the provision of a better education.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.45-63
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• 1997

A Study was conducted to examine the nature and extent of psychological differences among diagnostic subgroups of temporomandibular disorders(TMD) patients and to whether psychological distress acts as a precipitator for TMD or is only an incidental consequence of the discomfort and frustrations presented by the disorder. Ninty six TMD patients and ninty seven non-TMD dental patients were included for the study as an experimental group and control group. TMD patients were classified into subgroups according to their primary pain sites and labeled as: 1) Myogenous TMD group; 2) Arthrogenous TMD group; 3) Mixed TMD group. After Hilkimo indices were rated from patient history and clinical examination, levels of psychological distress were measured using SRRS (Social Readjustment Rating Scale) and MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory). Outcomes from Helkimo indices, SRRS, and MMPI were assessed in terms of diagnostic subgroups and pain chronicity. The relationship between SRRS and MMPI scores were also assessed. The results were as follows : 1. The TMD patients showed higher frequencies of AiII, DiII, and DiIII of Helkimo indices than those in the control subjects. 2. The chronic TMD patients showed lower frequencies of DiII and DiIII of Helkimo indices than those in the acute group. 3. The arthrogenous TMD group showed higher frequencies of DiII and DiIII of Helkimo indices than those in the myogenous TMD group. 4. The TMD patients showed higher SRRS mean score than that in the non-TMD patients. 5. The SRRS mean score was highest in the myogenous TMD group and lowest in the arthrogenous TMD group. 6. The chronic TMD patients showed higher SRRS mean score than the acute TMD group. 7. The TMD patients showed higher MMPI mean scores on the Hs, D, Hy, and Pt scales than those in the non-TMD patients. 8. The MMPI mean scores on th Hs, D, and Hy scales were higher than of other MMPI scales in the TMD patients as well as in the myogenous and the mixed TMD group and they showed 1-3-2(Hs, -Hy, -D.) profile pattern, conversion "V". 9. The MMPI mean scores on the Hs and Hy scales were higher in all subgroups of TMD patients than non-TMD patients. 10. Although there were no significant differences in the MMPI mean scores on all the scales between the acute and the chronic groups of all TMD patients, the chronic myogenous TMD group showed higher MMPI mean scores on the Hs, Hy, Pa, and Pt scales than the acute myogenous TMD group. 11. There were positive correlationships between SRRS score and each MMPI scores on the Hs and Hy scales.Hy scales.

• 한국노년학
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.975-991
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• 2012

Using data from 271 elderly couples, this study was to explore the types of group classified by couples' perception of marital relationship(marital intimacy, marital comparison level) and relationship with adult children(triangulation, differentiation between parents and adult children. In addition, this study was to analyze the differences in the demographic variables and psychological maladjustment according to the group types of elderly couples. A cluster analysis result identified four clusters such as chaos, bad, average, and good type. Second, the four clusters were different in the length of marriage, education level, and the type of social activity participation. Third, the four clusters were different in the levels of the psychological maladjustment, indicating that the psychological maladjustment level was the lowest in the cluster of good type but the highest in the cluster of bad type in both relationships with spouses and adult children.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.313-342
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• 2016

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between individual values, nature-relatedness, and happiness in a sample of Korean university students(N=224). Specially, we used Schwartz's PVQ, life satisfaction, positive affect, psychological well-being, social well-being, and Korean Happiness scale to measure values and happiness. According to the bivariate correlational analysis, generally, there were positive correlation between benevolence, self-direction, universalism, stimulation and one of 5 happiness measurements and there was negative correlation between achievement and life satisfaction. Nature-relatedness were positively related with five types of happiness measurements. According to the hierarchical regression, demographic variables(sex, religion, economic levels), value types, and nature-relatedness explained 25%~36% of variance in happiness. Value was more related with psychological well-being than life satisfaction, positive affect, social well being, Korean happiness scale. This results emphasize the importance of healthy value(benevolence, self-direction) and provision of opportunities contact with nature to promote human happiness.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.383-388
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• 2024

This study conducted voluntary focus group user observations to empirically validate the efficacy of the self-developed psychological support mobile application, "Mindful Now". The app is structured as an interactive game format, enabling individuals to activate self-awareness of mindfulness states anytime, anywhere. It consists of a 3-step process of sensory/emotional/consciousness awareness, facilitating the expression of non-judgmental awareness. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this mindful activation in enhancing psychological well-being such as happiness and stress reduction, voluntary mindfulness mobile app usage was tracked among 49 university students. The results revealed significant improvements, with a 14.4% increase in SWLS happiness index and a 17.1% decrease in PSS-10 stress levels among 12 users who used the app continuously for over 60 days to practice mindfulness awareness. Particularly, higher app engagement was observed among students who initially reported relatively lower indices before using the app. The utilization of mobile apps that promote mindful activation aligns with various therapeutic paradigms based on mindfulness and meditation, contributing to advancements in digital therapeutic interventions for psychological support.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.163-178
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• 2024

Purpose : This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrative medical service model applied to breast cancer patients and their caregivers, exploring its feasibility and challenges within the context of South Korean healthcare system. Methods : A case study approach was chosen to assess the integrative medical service model's efficacy, involving one breast cancer patient and her primary caregiver from W University Hospital. The patient had completed reconstructive surgery and chemotherapy and was undergoing radiotherapy. The model included standard treatments alongside psychological counseling, aromatherapy, axillary rehabilitation exercise, make-up program, art therapy, laughter therapy, horticultural therapy, and yoga programs, and meditation programs delivered over eight weeks. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through surveys, psychological tests, and feedback assessments. Results : The integrative medical service model demonstrated notable improvements in the quality of life for both breast cancer patients and their caregivers. Participants reported enhanced emotional well-being, reduced stress levels, and improved coping mechanisms throughout the treatment journey. Qualitative feedback highlighted the positive impact of holistic interventions in alleviating psychological distress and fostering resilience. Quantitative data corroborated these findings, showing statistically significant improvements in various psychosocial parameters assessed. Conclusions : Our findings underscore the benefits of integrative medical service model with standard medical treatments in the care of breast cancer patients and their caregivers. The holistic approach not only addresses physical symptoms but also enhances overall well-being and quality of life. However, the implementation of such models faces challenges within the South Korean healthcare system, including fragmented service networks and financial constraints. Addressing these structural barriers is crucial for the widespread adoption and sustainability of integrative care models in oncology practice. Future research should focus on larger-scale studies to further validate these findings and inform policy decisions aimed at optimizing cancer care delivery.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.956-966
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the comparative between depression and stress related to life events among women in the menopausal stage. Menopausal stages were divided into two groups: Pre and post-menopausal stages. The degree of depression and stress related to life events between pre and post menopausal women were compared to each other. Women, aged between 41 and 59 years, answered self-reported questionnaires which included Zung's depression scale and life events scale modified by Lee (1984). Findings were as follows; 1) The mean score of premenopausal women who experienced depression was 39.66, and for post-menopausal women the score was 41.45. There was no significant differences in depression levels between pre and post menopausal group.s (t=-1.55, p=.122). 2) Menopausal women experienced low levels of stress related to life events. There were no significant differences between pre and post menopausal groups(t=.527, p>.05). Both pre and post menopausal groups were highly concerned about education issues of their children and disharmony between couples. 3) There was a significant relationship between depression and stress related to life events among post-menopausal groups (r=.22, p<.01). Based on the findings of this study, the menopausal depression was associated with stress related to life events, especially among post-menopausal women. Feelings of lost fertility and feminine attributies result in menopausal depression, which is significantly correlated with women's negative perception of their life events. Therefore, nursing intervention needs to develop to help reduce the levels of depression and overcome their negative perception of the menopausal experience. Nurses should develop nursing strategies to help menopausal women to have positive perceptions and enhance quality of life by assisting their adaptability to physiological and psychological changes related to menopause.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2018

We need to understand the outcomes into adulthood for survivors born either extremely low birthweight (ELBW; <1,000 g) or extremely preterm (EP; <28 weeks' gestational age), particularly their blood pressure and cardiovascular metabolic status,respiratory function, growth, psychological and mental health performance, and functional outcomes. Blood pressure is higher in late adolescence and early adulthood in ELBW/EP survivors compared with controls. In some studies, expreterm survivors have higher insulin and blood lipid concentrations than controls, which may also increase their risk for later cardiovascular disease. ELBW/EP survivors have more expiratory airflow obstruction than do controls. Those who had bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the newborn period have even worse lung function than those who did not have BPD. As a group, they are unlikely to achieve their full lung growth potential, which means that more of them are likely to develop chronic obstructive airway disease in later life. Although they are smaller than term born controls, their weight gradually rises and ultimately reaches a mean z-score close to zero in late adolescence, and they ultimately attain a height z-score close to their mid-parental height z-score. On average, ex-preterm survivors have intelligence quotient (IQ) scores and performance on tests of academic achievement approximately 2/3 SD lower than do controls, and they also perform less well on tests of attention and executive function. They have similar high rates of anxiety and depression symptoms in late adolescence as do controls. They are, however, over-represented in population registries for rarer disorders such as schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorder. In cohort studies, ex-preterm survivors mostly report good quality of life and participation in daily activities, and they report good levels of self-esteem. In population studies, they require higher levels of economic assistance, such as disability pensions, they do not achieve education levels as high as controls, fewer are married, and their rates of reproduction are lower, at least in early adulthood. Survivors born ELBW/EP will present more and more to health carers in adulthood, as they survive in larger numbers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.266-272
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• 2011

According to many studies, a large number of police officers who had recently been exposed to an emergency situation has serious psychological stress and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD) symptoms impact on morale, absenteeism, occupational health, early retirement, family relationships. However, in Korea as it looked during the empirical study of police officers with PTSD had a few. In this study, levels of PTSD among police officers to identify and respond accordingly was to seek ways. The officer's PTSD levels vary according to the study is the relatively high level, when compared to firefighters is a relatively high level. So, I suggested some countermeasures. I presented discovery and management of high risk police officers, distribution of critical incident stress management, introduction of employee assistance programs, active intervention of colleagues and family members, training of stress management techniques.