• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.121-132
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• 2008

Recently, there is a growing interest in promoting safe and convenient roadway and traffic conditions for elderly drivers. This paper analyzed the driving characteristics, self recognition, and any inconvenience of elderly drivers over age 65 through an extensive survey, and drew some action plans to improve the driving conditions for elderly drivers. Survey results showed that the major trip purposes of the elderly driver were found to be commuting(50%) and business(33%), and this pattern was similar to the general drivers. The elderly drivers are interested in "safety", but "brand recognition" was the more important factor for the general drivers in the process of vehicle selection. The elderly drivers had no technical skill difference in driving as compared to the general drivers, but they fully recognized the physical deterioration such as reaction time and sight distance. In addition, the elderly drivers had a tendency to feel psychological contraction as to high workload driving conditions, thus it was necessary to make safe driving conditions by improving the design elements of traffic control devices on the roadways including visibility.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.405-418
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to describe patients satisfaction with nursing care in the emergency department and factors influencing satisfaction rates. 1. The mean score of patient satisfaction with nursing care in the emergency departments was 2.70. The mean scores of patient satisfaction with different aspects of nursing care services were 3.05 for nursing services for psychological safety: 2.67 for technical competence: 2.49 for information giving: and 1.35 for discharge teaching. 2. Patient satisfaction with nursing care services provided. according to the general characteristics of the patients. was revealed as being significantly high for the groups of patients made up of those who were male. those over 51years of age. married subjects. those with an education level of high school or below level. housewives. Buddhists. and those in the middle economic level. Patient satisfaction with nursing care according to their service utilization in the emergency departments revealed that satisfaction was significantly high for patients who were in internal medicine. neurology or psychiatry. those admitted for the first time. those for whom the distance from the department to home was less than 30 minutes. patients who visited between monday and Friday and between 8AM and 4PM. patients who did not have to wait to be seen and those who stayed in the department less than 24 hours. 3. The correlation between the patients' general characteristics. nursing service utilization of the patients in the department and their satisfaction with nursing care showed that patients with longer waiting time had lower satisfactory scores for nursing service. 4. The registered nurses working in the emergency department reported that the main reasons for low satisfaction rates included 'over worked nurses' and 'too many patients' in the emergency department. In conclusion. the results of this study suggest the necessity of developing relevant nursing interventions for discharge teaching to increase patient satisfaction with nursing care services in emergency departments: and the need for adequate support from hospital administrators to improve patients' service utilization.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 2004

This study is aimed to redesign established parks and to propose a series of devices protecting them from vandalism. To solve the problems, we ascertained the damaged areas of the park greens. The trace analysis was performed to grasp the transverse inside the parks of Jeonju and Iksan in Collabuldo. Then, we presented the basic plan for minimizing park damage and for remodeling the system of movement. The results of the study are summarized as follows: it is identified that the transverse phenomenon is considerably wide-spread in majority of parks, and has no relationship to the park area or the green area. It is considered that the $\ulcorner$Condition rating class$\lrcorner$ of grass damage, which is grade 6, is extraordinarily high and the damage is accumulated considerably. Also, the damage part of other grade is discovered equally, and when unattended, the acceleration of damage is positive. A damage width a 0.5∼1.5m makes up the greater part of 79.6%. It also constitutes most of a rectilinear form. The difference in the height between the original point and destination point is below 0.7m, which is above 70%. It is identified that the interrelationship between the damage continuation length and plan distance is relatively high by the simple regression: analysis and by Pearson' correlation analysis. In spite of the normal damage continuation length is 20m, the frequency degree is downward with extreme point at 10m. Accordingly, it is assumed that park users have physical and psychological pressure when they cross the lawn field. Damage types are classified as the Simple cut cross type, the Behavioral facilitates type, Access advantage type and the Strolling type through type classification. It is considered that this classification is effective when identifying short pass type on lawn field according to the damage length and intensity.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.3D
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• pp.283-289
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• 2012

Because railways themselves are not enough to provide door-to-door service, they need to be complemented by a transportation system access the stations and a convenient transfer system to access other railway lines. User friendly service policies include a faster, interconnected, and intermodal transportation system. It becomes more important to use deep subterranean space from an economical standpoint in order to promote railway construction projects. In this research, the authors dealt with construction plan for strengthening capacity of deep subterranean railways. Since deep subterranean railways are situated deeper underground than other railways, they are more difficult to access and transfer to, in addition to psychological pressure. Moreover, deep subterranean railways with high speed add access difficulties as the distance between stations increases. Therefore, the authors discuss not only systemization for uniting deep subterranean railways and other transportation facilities but also reinforcement strategies. The purpose of these strategies is so that deep subterranean railways provide mobility while established railways provide accessibility to overcome this problem.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.40-51
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to quantitatively deduce the circulation efficiency and space arrangements of the outpatient department in geriatric hospitals in terms of spatial structure and to find a methodology that could promote the improvement of accessibility and spatial cognition while using the facilities. All space units of the selected twelve geriatric hospitals were located on the first floor. The study adopted the psychological distance concept of space syntax to the unitized spaces, and presented a set of indices, such as TD, PN, RF, PNT and TRF. These indices were calculated according to the standard clinical use procedures. The study evaluated the effectiveness of circulation. The analysis of circulation was based on the four major geriatric illnesses that were selected in this study. The study established the standard clinical use procedure with consideration of the medical treatment, examinations and space units of outpatient departments. The results are as follows: 1) Based on the statistical data, four major geriatric illnesses are examined, and space requirement and standard procedures are established. Development indicators are applied in order to quantitatively deduce the efficiency of spatial cognition. 2) The percentage of the risk of cognitive decline(TRF) has an inversely proportional correlation to the circulation efficiency(PNT) at a certain point. TRF is more influenced by the clinical use procedure than the scale. 3) The arrangement of the waiting space and types of corridor greatly affect the percentage of the risk of cognitive decline. 4) Vulnerable facilities are selected on the basis of the evaluation, and two alternatives that could promote the circulation efficiency are presented. The result of the reanalysis showed that cognitive efficiency had much improved compared to the existing facilities.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 2005

In the present, animations of auteurism and aestheticism became a unique genre of art that expresses directors' idea. 'Tale of Tales' by Yuri Norstein, a Russian animator, is a paper animation that emphasizes the cut out technique and picturesque feeling as well as complicated structure of sequence in expressing metaphysical themes in the author's historical realism. It is evaluated as unique and creative. The present study analyzed the montage technique applied through the development of several symbolic images, the diachronic expression of contradictory worlds, the unique foreshadow of revealing the causes of results later, rapid repetition of urgent and serious situations, the movement of the camera to express the psychological distance between two characters in different situations and the process of editing. The derived results of this study are expected to be helpful in the works of animators of auteurism and aestheticism.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.151-162
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• 1994

This is a comparative study on the use pattern and satisfaction of skiers between the suburban skiing ground and the resort one. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the planning and the management of skiing ground. The sites of case study are Yong Pyung Ski Resort (Resort type) and Bears Town(Suburban type). Data were collected from questionaire. A total of 420 questionaires were completed. And data were subjected to following analysis: First, the descriptive statistics(mean, chi-square analysis etc.) were used to compare the characteristics of the users and the use pattern of two sites. Second, factor analysis was utilized to reduce 22 satisfaction items into the smaller number of factors. Third, regression analysis was used to find the factors affecting users' overall satisfaction in each skiing ground. The findings of this study are as follows: First, it was proved that the characteristics of users between tow sites were different in terms of age, income, and skill level. Second, it was proved that the use pattern between two sites were different in terms of travel distance from home, traffic mode, length of stay, accommodation type, and the money spent per day. Third, By a principal component factor analysis several factors of satisfaction are found: In physical terms, they are 'slope and life facilities', 'recreation and lodge facilities', 'accessibility', 'crowding', and 'landscape'. In psychological terms, they are 'skiing skills and thrills', and 'relaxation and freedom'. Forth, As the result of the stepwise regression analysis, it was yielded that 'relaxation/and freedom' was most important factor to predict the overall satisfaction in both skiing ground. And it was proved that not only physical factors but also phychological(need gratifying) factors were important sources of the satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

In this paper, the features which are thought to be used by humans based on the psychological experiment of human information processing are applied to character recognition problem. Man will deal with a little large area information as well as pixel by pixel information. Therefore we define the feature that represents a little wide region I information called region feature, and combine the features derived from region feature and pixel by pixel features that have been used by now. The features we used are the result of region feature based preanalysis, mesh with region attributes, cross distance difference and gradient. The training and test data in the experiment are handwritten Korean alphabets, digits and English alphabets, which are trained on neural network using back propagation algorithm and recognition results are 90.27-93.25%, 98.00% and 79.73-85.75%, respectively Experimental results show that the feature we are suggesting in this paper is 1-2% better than UDLRH feature similar in attribute to region feature, and the tendency of misrecognition is more easily acceptable by humans.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.63-78
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• 2018

This study used survey research method to identify factors affecting suicidal ideation in adolescents. The results of this study are as follows. First, it is necessary to narrow the psychological distance between the parents and the adolescents, to make efforts in each family to be more harmonious within the family, and to reduce consciously the physical and verbal violence which is sometimes unintentionally applied between the parents. Second, when adolescents attempt suicide, counseling agencies in schools, educational institutions, and local communities should be able to respond effectively to adolescent crisis situations, and follow-up measures such as suicide prevention education and suicide attitude education must be conducted Efforts should be made to reduce juvenile delinquent suicide and impulsive suicidal thoughts. Third, when developing adolescent suicide prevention and related programs, differentiated programs and suicide prevention education should be tried. Fourth, I think that it is necessary to prevent the suicidal thoughts of adolescents by early detection and intervention of high - depression adolescents by establishing a system that can be applied to adolescents out of school.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2017

Recently, consumer who has a desire to spend less money want to buy a cheap and good product because of long economy recession. Secondhand trading is regarded as a good method which allows people to buy cheap and good product. Activation of secondhand trading reduces the psychological distance among customers. Especially, in the case of expensive books such as major books, each university has community only for used book trading. However, existing used book community is hard to find current real-time trading state at a look, and it is impossible to purchase reasonably because of a one-way pricing of the seller. In this paper, we design and implement a used book trading web service using an auction system which can help anyone to trade used book easily. It is designed web based system and it provides convenience to user through efficient book registration function and book search function.