• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.156-161
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• 2020

Waterborne pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) has been received much attentions from both academia and industries as an environmental friendly-technology because it can significantly reduce use of hazardous organic volatile solvents. However, in the process of the mass production of waterborne PSAs, hazardous phenol type amphiphilic compounds have essentially been used as surfactants for the emulsion polymerization. For the reason, tremendous research efforts have been made to develop environment-friendly organic surfactant which can replace the phenol type surfactants. In this study, we verify the potential of a new class of surfactants based on the styrenated phenol derivatives as an alternative to the phenol type surfactants.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.659-667
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• 1990

Starch acetates were prepared by conventional method, preheat treatment, and extrusion process through acetylation of corn starch with acetic anhydride and their physicochemical properties were investigated. The optimal conditions of the acetylation of starch by conventional method(CSA) was found that starch concentration was 30%, reaction temperature $35^{\circ}C$ and pH 8.5. With increasing the molar ratio of acetic anhydride to anhydrous glucose unit from 0.03 to 0.20, DS(Degree of substitution) value of corn starch acetate prepared at the optimum condition was increased from 0.019 to 0.080, while the acetylation efficiency was decreased from 31.6% to 20.5%. In the case of the preheated (gelatinized), then acetylated starch(PSA), DS value was increased from 0.027 to 0.04 at the fixed molar ratio of the acetic anhydride with increasing preheating temperature from $60^{\circ}C\;to\;90^{\circ}C$. The DS was low as 0.02 in the case of starch acetate prepared by extrusion process(WESA). The CSA and PSA showed lowering gelatinization temperature and enthalpy than raw corn starch with increasing DS. All of starch acetates showed the increased degree of transparency, the decreased lightness and the increased yellowness as compared to the raw corn starch. WESA showed lower apparent viscosity and more close to the characteristic of the Newtonian fluid than CSA and PSA. Intrinsic viscosity was reduced in CSA and WESA, although PSA has a slightly higher one than raw corn starch. The rate of retrogradation of the gels was retarded in all starch acetates.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.59-66
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• 2006

Optimal method of radon analysis in groundwater was studied using ultra low-level liquid scintillation counter (ULLLSC) which is well known as an analytical instrument for analyzing the alpha and beta radionuclides in environmental materials. Optimization of pulse shape analyzer (PSA) in operating the LSC was performed with $^{241}Am\;and\;^{90}Sr/^{90}Y$ as well as $^{226}Ra$ Also, the chemical quenching of scintillation generation and the color quenching of the generated photon to photomultiplier tubes (PMT) were determined their effects not only to decrease the analytical efficiency but also to change the optimal PSA level and background due to high ion contents of groundwaters. The optimal PSA level was shown in the range of 90 to 110 with less than 5% error. The effects of high ion contents in groundwater for the analytical efficiency show within 10% error from the different ion contents. The chloroform as a quenching agent was used to determine the analytical efficiency with the different amount, showing that the efficiency decreases 20% using the 2% of chloroform.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2255-2258
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• 2016

Background: Awareness about prostate cancer has increased in the community, and prostate cancer screening examinations, including prostate specific antigen (PSA) assays, are now widely available. Prior to the PSA era, up to 27% of prostate cancers were detected incidentally at the time of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). After PSA testing became widely available, the incidence of incidentally detected carcinoma prostate in TURP specimens without prior diagnosis reduced to 5-13%. However, the incidence of incidentally detected carcinoma prostate has been reported to vary across the globe since various factors can influence the identification of this malignancy in TURP specimens. In this paper, we focus on rates of incidentally detected prostate cancer in TURP specimens in our hospital and correlate it with various parameters. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study of histopathological findings of biopsy specimens was conducted for patients undergoing TURP during a period of 5 years from April 2010. The inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (digital rectal examination (DRE) not showing any abnormally hard areas and normal age adjusted PSA values). Patients with elevated PSA, abnormal DRE, documented urinary tract infection and proved adenocarcinoma prostate (CaP) were excluded from the study. The total weight of prostatectomy specimen, occurrence of carcinoma prostate in the chips, percentage of total tissue resected showing malignancy and Gleason's scores were recorded. Results: A total of 597 patients belonging to the inclusion criteria were studied. The incidence of occult CaP in the study group was 5.2 % (31/597). Out of these, 8 belonged to T1a and 23 belonged to T1b stages. The age group 70 - 79 years had the maximum incidence of occult CaP. It was observed that the clinical grading of prostate did not have a bearing on the incidence of occult CaP whereas the weight of resected specimen correlated with the incidence of CaP. The incidence of occult CaP was greater with low volume prostates (<20 g). (P=0.15). Conclusions: The rate of incidentally detected adenocarcinoma prostate in patients undergoing TURP for clinically diagnosed BPH was found to be only 5.2 % in our study which is low when compared with similar studies done elsewhere. The age of the patient and weight of the resected specimen correlated with incidence of occult prostate cancer. The clinical grading of prostate by DRE however, demonstrated no correlation.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2003

The effects of various pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) and enhancers on the percutaneous absorption of tulobuterol were investigated. The permeation rate of tulobuterol through hairless mouse skin from various adhesives was evaluated using a flow-through diffusion cell system at $37^{\circ}C$. The permeability of tulobuterol was variable depending on the physicochemical property of the PSA. The permeation rate of tulobuterol from polyethylene oxide grafted acrylic adhesive matrix was higher than that from other PSA matrices. The flux of tulobuterol was $4.37{\pm}0.34\;{\mu}g/hr/cm^2$ from polyethylene oxide grafted acrylic adhesive matrix. When the effects of various enhancers on the percutaneous absorption of tulobuterol from grafted acrylic adhesive were evaluated, Plurol $oleique^{\circledR}$ showed higher flux than all other enhancers tested.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.35D no.4
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• pp.71-77
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• 1998

In this paper, algeration of electical characteristics is analyzed when the operating temperature of MOSFET, BJT and CMOS/BiCMOS inverter is lowered from 300K to 77K. As the operating temperature is lowered, electric characteristics of MOSFET are enhanced generally but, those of bipolar transistor are degraded because current gain is reduced by BGN(Band Gap Narrowing) effect. For the inverter considered in this work, switching characteristics of PSA-BiCMOS inverter are enhanced by the electrical characteristics enhancement of MOSFET when the operating temperature is reduced to 200K, while under 200K, those of PSA-BiCMOS inverter are degraded because the degradation of BJT impacts on the inverter circuit.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.179-183
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• 1991

Antigenicity tests-ASA(Active Systemic Anaphylaxis), PSA(Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis), PCA(Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis)- of Bovine Somatotrophine(BST, Lucky Ltd.) were performed according to the established regulations of National Institude of Safety Research. The results were as follows: 1. No specific clinical signs related anaphylaxis were observed. Therefore, it was considered that BST has no antigenicity in guinea pigs and rabbits. 2. No blue spots were observed on the back of guinea pig in the peA test; BST-related IgE was not produced.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.710-720
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• 2017

In Korea, many nuclear power plants operate at a single site based on geographical characteristics, but the population density near the sites is higher than that in other countries. Thus, multiunit accidents are a more important consideration than in other countries and should be addressed appropriately. Currently, there are many issues related to a multiunit probabilistic safety assessment (PSA). One of them is the quantification of a multiunit PSA model. A traditional PSA uses a Boolean manipulation of the fault tree in terms of the minimal cut set. However, such methods have some limitations when rare event approximations cannot be used effectively or a very small truncation limit should be applied to identify accident sequence combinations for a multiunit site. In particular, it is well known that seismic risk in terms of core damage frequency can be overestimated because there are many events that have a high failure probability. In this study, we propose a quantification method based on a Monte Carlo approach for a multiunit PSA model. This method can consider all possible accident sequence combinations in a multiunit site and calculate a more exact value for events that have a high failure probability. An example model for six identical units at a site was also developed and quantified to confirm the applicability of the proposed method.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5529-5533
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• 2012

Aim: To investigate the utility of prostate-specific antigen velocity (PSAV) and PSAV per initial volume (PSAVD) for early detection of prostate cancer (PCa) in Chinese men. Methods: Between January 2009 and June 2012, a total of 193 men (aged 49-84 years, median 67 years) with at least 2 transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) procedures and concurrent serum PSA measurements underwent prostate biopsy because of suspicion of PCa. The total group were classified into PCa and non-PCa groups, and the variables of the two groups were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate which variables were predictove. The diagnostic values of PSAV, PSAVD and prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) were compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 44 (22.8%) of the 193 men. There were significant differences between the groups in last and initial prostate volumes determined by TRUS, initial age, last serum PSA levels, PSAV, PSAD and PSAVD. After adjusting for confounding factors, the odds ratios of PCa across the quartile of PSAVD were 1, 4.06, 10.6, and 18.9 (P for trend <0.001).The area under the ROC curves (AUCs) of PSAD (0.779) and PSAVD (0.776) were similar and both significantly greater than that of PSA (AUC 0.667). PSAVD was a significantly better indicator of PCa than PSAV (AUC 0.736). There was no statistical significant difference between the AUC of PSAV and that of last serum PSA level. The sensitivity and specificity of PSAVD at a cutoff of 0.023ng in participants with last serum PSA levels of 4.0ng/mL-10.0ng was 73.7% and 70.7%, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated PSAVD may be a useful tool in PCa detection, especially in those undergoing previous TRUS examination.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.166-173
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• 2022

A variety of input parameters are taken into consideration while performing a Level 3 PSA. Some parameters related to plume segments, spatial grids, and particle size distribution have flexible input formats. Fine modeling performed by splitting a number of segments or grids may enhance the accuracy of analysis but is time-consuming. Analysis speed is highly important because a considerably large number of calculations is required to handle Level 2 PSA scenarios for a single-unit or multi-unit Level 3 PSA. This study developed a sensitivity analysis supporting interface called MACCSsense to compare the results of the trials of plume segmentation with the results of the base case to determine its impact (in terms of time and accuracy) and to support the development of a modeling approach, which saves calculation time and improves accuracy. MACCSense is an automation tool that uses a large amount of plume segmentation analysis results obtained from MUST Converter and Mr. Manager developed by KAERI to generate a sensitivity report that includes impact (time and accuracy) by comparing them with the base-case result. In this study, various plume segmentation approaches were investigated, and both the accuracy and speed of offsite consequence analysis were evaluated using MACCS as a consequence analysis tool. A simultaneous evaluation revealed that execution time can be reduced using multi-threading. In addition, this study can serve as a framework for the development of a modeling strategy for plume segmentation in order to perform accurate and fast offsite consequence analyses.