• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5381-5384
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• 2012

Background and Aim: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an uncommon malignancy of the bile duct, occurring in nearly 2 out of 100,000 people. It is a type of adenocarcinoma that originates in the mucous glands of the epithelium, or surface layers of the bile ducts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features, diagnostic results and factors associated with survival, morbidity and mortalityof cholangiocarcinoma cases in Iranian patients. Method: In this retrospective study the hospital medical records of 283 patients with a primary or final diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma who had been admitted to gastroenterology ward of our hospital from 2004 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: 283 patients (180 male, 63%, and 103 female, 38.6%) with a mean age of $59.7{\pm}14.4$ years were studied. The most frequent symptoms were painless jaundice (190, 66.9%), abdominal pain (77, 27%), pruritus 133 (46.8%) and weight loss (169, 59.5%). The most frequent associated risk factors and diseases were as follows: gallstones (72, 25.4%), diabetes (70, 24.6%), HBV infection (52 (18.3%), HCV infection 43 (15%), primary sclerosing cholangitis (16, 5.6%) and smoking (120, 42.3%). The most frequent type of cholangiocarcinoma in ERCP and MRCP was hilar. The mean survival time was $7.42{\pm}5.76$ months. Conclusion: The mean survival time in our study was lower than one year. Moreover the most frequent risk factors and associated diseases were smoking, gallstones and diabetes. Painless jaundice, abdominal pain and weight loss were the most clinical features related to cholangiocarcinoma. Additionally survival time did not correlate with risk factors, associated diseases and clinical presentations, but was linked to biliary metallic stenting and surgery.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.714-722
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• 2019

Oxidative DNA damage negatively affects humans and the research is currently ongoing to find ways to reduce oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has been identified as a key factor in triggering various diseases. Thus, its alleviation is important for human health. Broussonetia kazinoki (B. kazinoki) has been used in traditional Korean medicine as a dermatological therapy to treat burns, pruritus, and acne. B. kazinoki is generally segregated into peeled root (PR), root bark (RB), peeled stem (PS), and stem bark (SB). To assess these components for their antioxidant activity and protection against DNA damage, their ethyl acetate fractions were examined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. As a result of confirming the expression of factors involved in attenuating DNA damage, the protective effect of SB on oxidative stress suppressed the expression of p-p53 and γ-H2AX. Additionally, the levels of p53 and H2AX mRNA were significantly downregulated. In conclusion, these results indicated that the SB component of B. kazinoki had the potential to be used as an effective natural antioxidant compared to the other parts of the plant.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.24-39
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this survey is to examine Korean medical doctor's prescription status of Jaungo. Methods : The questionnaire was distributed via e-mail to Korean medical doctors who were registered in the association of Korean medicine from December 26th 2017 to February 5th 2018. We screened out respondents who didn't meet screening criteria. Results : Total 325 respondents completed answers, and the computerized data were analyzed. 74.7% of respondents were provided Jaungo from outside (extramural herbal dispensaries, pharmaceutical company). Almost all of the respondents (98.2%) were prescribing Jaungo in the form of ointment, and the cream container was the most commonly used container. In chief Indications of Jaungo were skin dryness (83.1%), pruritus (67.7%), burns (64.0%), and atopic dermatitis (60.9%). More than 60% of the respondents were prescribing Jaungo without additional herbs or additives. Most of patients were educated to apply Jaungo thinly to the affected area once or twice a day or frequently. Reason for dissatisfaction about Jaungo of patient were due to staining clothes (59.1%), offensive smell (44.0%), and poor texture (26.5%). Conclusions : Jaungo is a topical herbal agent frequently used in the Korean medicine. This is the first survey figure out current status of topical herbal agent in Korean medical doctors. The result of this study would contribute to progressing treatment method using topical herbal agent.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.60-85
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate acupoints for atopic dermatitis which have similar impact with frequent herbs. Methods : We collected research materials in "The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology" published from Feburary, 2000 to September, 2017. The search terms are 'atopic Dermatitis', 'antiallergic', 'anti-inflammatory', 'antianaphylaxis', 'dermatitis' and we elected experimental researches about herbal medicine. Among the herbal medicine, we extracted frequent herbs using more than 5 times, and categorized through "Herbal Medicine". By Consulting "Principles of Meridians & Acupoints; A Guidebook for College Students", we matched frequent herbs and acupoints. Results : 1. There are 38 frequent herbs for study except Glycyrrhiza uralensis FISCH. because it was used for balance in herbal medicine. Arrange meridians in order of frequency, the most is 'Lung meridian'. Among the organs, the most related one with skin is 'Lung' and 'Lung meridian' can treat skin diseases. 2. We researched acupoints called 'specific acupoints' under elbow, knee because of clinical usage. Exceptively, SP6 and GV20 are not included in 'specific acupoints' but they can be effective for atopic dermatitis treatment. 3. Researching on MEDLINE about frequent herbs and acupoints, there are many studies that acupuncture is effective for reducing pruritus. Therefore, the acupoints which were mentioned in this study can be choosed for atopic dermatitis. Conclusions : We found several applicable acupoints for Atopic Dermatitis. We hope it will be useful in experiment such as randomized controllized trial on Atopic Dermatitis and acupuncture and futhermore in clinic.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.459-461
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• 2009

Polycythemia vera is one type of myeloproliferative disorder which occurs due to the clonal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cell related to the production of leukocyte and megakaryocyte which produces a little less than erythrocyte. Polycythemia vera has a peak incidence in the sixth decade of life with males affected slightly more frequently than females. Vasquez first described polycythemia vera as an autonomous erythrocytosis in 1892, and a further description, delineation of the disease process and a complete course outline were made in 1899, 1903 and 1938, respectively. Symptoms include pruritus, tinnitus, vertigo, gastrointestinal (GI) pain, and bleeding gums. Hyperuricemia and hyperuricosuria are present in about 40% of these patients. Complications are hemorrhage, thrombosis, post-polycythemic myeloid metaplasia, and leukemic transformation. In case of surgery, complications such as hemorrahge and thrombosis are highly likable to happen. We report a case of preoperative and postoperative of a 63-year-old male, who was diagnosed as oral cavity cancer in the mouth floor, with known history of hypertension and polycythemia vera. We considered that conservative management would be an advisable treatment for patients with uncontrolled systemic disease.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 2000

Congenital biliary atresia with progressive sclerosis of the intra- and extra-hepatic duct system occurs in 1 : 10,000 live births, and has a poor prognosis with an expected survival of less than 5 years. Etiology of biliary atresia is unclear, however, it is believed a genetic or developmental cause. The clinical characteristics include pronounced jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, pruritus, steatorrhea, xanthomas, growth retardation, portal hypertension, bleedings, ascites and respiratory infections. Oral manifestations have seldom been reported in patients with biliary atresia, but there may be enamel hypoplasia, delayed tooth eruption, and green teeth. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention have decreased morbidity. returned growth and development to normal and improved the prognosis for survival. Authors report the clinical and radiologic characteristics, proper managements about two cases with biliary atresia.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.66-76
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• 1999

The auricular acupuncture therapy is stimulus treat method that acupuncts or moxibusts at the reaction blood vessel point of various diseases in the upper portion of ear. And this effects from the reaction blood vessel point of an ear to the meridian of whole body system through blood stream. The auricular acupuncture has cured and cared signs and symptoms of many diseases and pathologic problems. And this treatment heels abnormal reactions, nursing focuses so it was examined through literature review that nurses use many portions of the auricular acupuncture in their clinical cares of oriental medicine. This study was proved that the Mae-Chim acupuncture method among various methods of the auricular acupuncture is easy and simple so this method can be used by nurses. And the ear acupuncture site which controls diarrhea, insomnia, migraine, stress vomiting, dyspepsia, high fever, insufficient lactation, bowel dysfunction, menoxenia, anxiety, pruritus and can be found easily and is few the number of acupuncture so the oriental medicine nurses can apply easily to their clients. Therefore the independent oriental medicine nursing intervention can be developed by application of the auricular acupuncture therapy on the oriental medicine clinical nursing and home care in our community.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.887-893
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the wound healing effects of Danggwieumja (DG), which is commonly used for skin inflammation, skin wound, skin pruritus, and chronic hives etc. The 1.5 cm ${\times}$ 1.5 cm full-thickness skin wound was induced to two groups, DG (n=16) and Saline (n=16) group. The DG extract and Saline were orally administrated daily for 15 days after skin wound induction. Then, the body weight of rats and the congestion indices were daily measured for 15 days after skin wound induction. The wound contractions and epithelizations were also measured. The wound contractions were daily measured for 15 days after wound induction and wound epithelizations were measured for 8 days from day 7 after wound induction. For evaluating angiogenesis, the immunoreactivities of vWF and VEGF protein were measured immunohistochemistrically on day 15. In results, although the percentage increases in mean body weight of rats in the DG and Saline groups hve no significant differences, DG extract decreased the time of wound healing and congestion around wound, and improved wound contraction and epithelization. The contraction percentage of DG group was significantly increased on day 5 (P<0.05) and day 7 (P<0.01) than that of Saline group. DG group showed significant increase of wound epithelization on day 7 (P<0.05) as compared to Saline group. Moreover, DG extract reduced the inflammation of skin dermis and promoted the growth of vascular vessels of dermis by accelerating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein. These results suggest that DG has the beneficial effects on skin incision wound and can be the suitable wound healing agent for various surgical wounds.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.65-76
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study is to survey adverse events of acupuncture in the course of peripheral facial palsy treatments. Methods : The prospective observational study included patients hospitalized to receive acupuncture treatments for peripheral facial palsy. All patients were surveyed daily for adverse events associated with the acupuncture treatments applied the day before. Results : A total of 50 patients received $37.68{\pm}20.37$ acupuncture treatments in average. 36 patients reported experiencing at least one adverse event. Total 163 adverse events were reported. Common adverse events were bleeding(62), bruise(33), pain(30), tiredness(11), hematoma(7). The others were paresthesia(4), erythema(3), delay of removing needles(2), edema(2), aggravation of symptoms(2), declining of appetite(2), pruritus(1), drowsiness(1), anxiety(1), sweating(1), headache(1). Conclusions : Acupuncture has adverse events, like any therapeutic approaches. However, it is a relatively safe treatment. In future study, organized large scale prospective survey should be carried out to fully prove that acupuncture is safe.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 1997

Background : Patient-controlled analgesia(PCA) is a safe and effective technique for providing postoperative pain relief. Studies that compare epidural vs intravenous routes of opiate administration show conflicting results. We designed a prospective, randomized, controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of epidural(EPI-PCA) morphine-bupivacaine versus intravenous (IV-PCA) nalbuphine when administered with a PCA system. Methods : Forty healthy women were randomly assigned to receive an epidural bolus of morphine 3 mg and 0.5% bupivacaine 10 ml, followed by a EPI-PCA with 0.01% morphine and 0.143% bupivacane (basal infusion 1 ml/hr, bolus 1 ml, lock-out interval 30 min) or intravenous bolus of nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg followed by a IV-PCA with nalbuphine(basal infusion 1 mg/hr, bolus 1 ml, lock-out interval 20 min) for pain relief after cesarean delivery. This study was conducted for 2 days after cesarean section to compare the analgesic efficacy, side effects, patient satisfaction either as EPI-PCA or as IV-PCA. Results : EPI-PCA group had significant lower visual analog pain scale(VAS) at immediate postoperative period, whereas no significant difference was observed when pain was assessed at other time sequence. Urinary retention and pruritus were more frequent with EPI-PCA group, although the incidence of other side effects were the same. Conclusions : Although EPI-PCA with morphine-bupivacaine was of significantly lower VAS at immediate postoperative period, IV-PCA with nalbuphine is a safe and effective alternative to EPI-PCA with morphine-bupivacaine for providing pain relief after cesarean delivery. Further studies about IV-PCA with nalbuphine are needed to control the immediate postoperative pain and to further improve effective pain management.