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A New Early-Heading and High-Yielding Winter Oat Cultivar for Whole Crop Forage, 'Okhan' (조숙 다수성 추파 총체사료용 귀리 신품종 '옥한')

  • Han, Ouk-Kyu;Park, Tae-Il;Park, Hyung-Ho;Song, Tae-Hwa;Kim, Kee-Jong;Park, Nam-Geon;Ju, Jung-Il;Jang, Young-Jik;Hwang, Jong-Jin;Kwon, Young-Up
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.87-93
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    • 2013
  • 'Okhan' (Avena sativa L.), an oat cultivar for winter use, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2011. It was derived from an original cross between 'Early80', exhibiting early heading, and 'Maine PI-590' (CI 7518), exhibiting large-size grain, in 1995. Subsequent generations as well as cross-bred cultivars were handled in bulk, and pedigree selection programs took place at Suwon and Yeoncheon, respectively. A promising line, 'SO95027-B-45-16-10-6-2-Y7-10', was selected in 2004, and was designated 'Gwiri74' after being selected from a yield trial for three years from 2005 to 2008. The breeding line 'Gwiri74' was subsequently evaluated for earliness of heading and forage yield in four different locations, Yesan, Iksan, Kimjae, and Jeju, from 2009 to 2011, and was finally named as 'Okhan'. Over 3 years, the heading date of 'Okhan' was about 6 days earlier than that of the check cultivar 'Samhan', and their average forage dry matter yield harvested at the milk-ripe stage was 15.0 ton ha1, compared with 14.1 ton ha1 of check cultivar. Cultivar 'Okhan' was lower than the check cultivar 'Samhan' in terms of the protein content (9.2% and 9.9%, respectively) and total digestible nutrients (58.5%, and 59.3%, respectively), while the TDN yield per ha was more than the check (8.70 and 8.36 kg, respectively). Fall sowing cropping of 'Okhan' is recommended only in areas where average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than 7C, and it should not be cultivated in mountain areas, where frost damage is likely to occur.

Polymorpshisms of XPC Gene and Risk of Primary Lung Cancer in Koreans (한국인에서 XPC 유전자의 다형성과 원발성 폐암의 위험도)

  • Kim, Kyung-Rock;Lee, Su-Yeon;Choi, Jin-Eun;Kim, Kyung-Mee;Jang, Sang-Soo;Jung, Chi-Young;Kang, Kyung-Hee;Jeon, Kyung-Neoyh;Cha, Sung-Ick;Kim, Chang-Ho;Kam, Sin;Jung, Tae-Hoon;Park, Jae-Yong
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.53 no.2
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    • pp.113-126
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    • 2002
  • Background : DNA repair plays a crucial role in protection from cancer-causing agents. Therefore, a reduced DNA repair capacity can increase the susceptibility to lung cancer. The XPC gene contains 15 exons and encodes a 940 amino acid protein that plays a central role in DNA damage recognition of the nucleotide excision repair pathway, which is a major DNA repair mechanisim removing the bulky-helix distorting DNA lesions caused by smoking. Recently several polymorphisms in the XPC gene were identified. In addition, it is possible that these polymorphisms may affect the DNA repair capacity, which modulate cancer susceptibility. The relationship between codon 499 and 939 polymorphisms, and a poly(AT) insertion/deletion polymorphism in the XPC gene, and the lung cancer risk were investigated. Materials and Methods : The genotypes were determined using either PCR or PCR-RFLP analysis in 219 male lung cancer patients and 150 healthy males controls. Results : The frequencies of the genotypes (Val499Ala, PAT and Lys939Gln) among the cases were not significantly different from those of the controls. There was no significant associantion between these polymorphi는 and the lung cancer risk when the analyses were stratified according to age, smoking status and the pack-years of smoking. Moreover, the genotypes had no apparent relationship with any of the histological types of lung cancer. There was a linkage disequilibrium among the Val499Ala, PAT and Lys939Gln polymorphisms. The PAT polymorphism had a strong linkage disequilibrium with the Lys939Gln polymorphism (kappa value=0.87). The XPC haplotypes showed no significant association with the lung cancer risk. Conclusion : These results suggest that XPC Val499Ala, PAT and Lys939Gln polymorphisms are not major contributors to the individual lung cancer susceptibility in Koreans.

'Dakyeong', Earley-heading, Resistance to Lodging and High-yielding Forage Oats Cultivar (조숙 내도복 다수성 추파용 귀리 품종 '다경')

  • Park, Tae-Il;Kim, Yang-Kil;Park, Hyung-Ho;Oh, Young-Jin;Park, Jong-Chul;Kang, Chon-Sik;Park, Jong-Ho;Cheong, Young-Geun;Kim, Kyong-Ho;Choi, Kyu-Hwan;Hong, Ki-Heung;Chae, Hyun-Seok;Ku, Ja-Hwan;Ahn, Jong-Woong;Han, Ouk-Kyu
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 2018
  • 'Dakyeong' (Avena sativa L.), a winter oats for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2016. It was derived from a cross between 'CI7505'(IT133304) and 'Swan'(IT197920). Subsequent generations followed by the cross were handled in bulk and pedigree selection programs at Iksan and Jeonju, respectively. After preliminary and advanced yield test for 2 years, 'SO2004009-B-B-10-8-3-9', designated as a line name of 'Gwiri91', were subsequently evaluated for earliness and forage yield during 3 years in four parts such as Jeju (upland), Yesan (upland), Iksan (upland), and Jeonju (paddy), from 2014 to 2016, and finally named as 'Dakyeong'. Cultivar 'Dakyong' has leaves of dark green color, thick diameter culm and long grain of brown color. Over 3 years, the heading date of 'Dakyeong' was about 5 days earlier than that of check cultivar 'Samhan' (April 30 and May 5, respectively), and their average forage dry matter yield harvested at milk-ripe stage was higher 12% (15.7toneha1) than 14.0toneha1 of check cultivar. Cultivar 'Dakyeong' was lower than the check cultivar 'Samhan' in terms of the protein content (6.1% and 7.0%, respectively) and total digestible nutrients (62.1%, and 62.5%, respectively), while the TDN yield was more than the check (7.79toneha1 and 7.64toneha1, respectively). Fall sowing cropping of 'Dakyeong' is recommended only in areas where average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than 6C, and it should not be cultivated in mountain areas, where frost damage is likely to occur.

'Hi-early', Early Heading and Harvestable Winter Forage Oats Cultivar (수확이 빠른 조숙성 조사료용 월동귀리 '하이어리')

  • Park, Tae-Il;Kim, Yang-Kil;Park, Hyung-Ho;Oh, Young-Jin;Park, Jong-Chul;Kang, Chon-Sik;Park, Jong-Ho;Cheong, Young-Geun;Kim, Kyong-Ho;Choi, Kyu-Hwan;Hong, Ki-Heung;Chae, Hyun-Seok;Ku, Ja-Hwan;Ahn, Jong-Woong;Han, Ouk-Kyu
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.16-22
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    • 2018
  • Oats (Avena sativa L.), which are known as one of the forage crops of Korea, have good livestock palatability and are popular to cattle farmers because of their high dry matter. However, the cultivation of double cropping in the rice field was reluctant due to the late maturing for farmers to plant rice continuously. 'Hi-early', a winter oats for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2016. It was derived from a cross between '517A2-121'(IT133383) and 'CI7604' (IT133379). Subsequent generations followed by the cross were handled in bulk and pedigree selection programs at Suwon, Iksan and Jeonju, respectively. After preliminary and advance yield test for 2 years, 'SO2004015-B-B-23-1-3-7', designated as a line name of 'Gwiri92', were subsequently evaluated for earliness and forage yield during 3 years in four parts such as Jeju (upland), Yesan (upland), Iksan (upland), and Jeonju (paddy), from 2014 to 2016, and finally named as 'Hi-early'. Cultivar 'Hi-early' has the characteristics of medium leaves of green color, thick diameter culm, and medium grain of brown color. Over 3 years, the heading date of 'Hi-early' was about 9 days earlier than that of check cultivar 'Samhan' (April 26 and May 5, respectively). Average forage fresh yield of 'Hi-early' harvested at milk-ripe stage was similar to check cultivar (40.2toneha1 and 40.0 tone ha-1, respectively), and dry matter yield also was similar to check cultivar (14.2 tone ha-1 and 14.0toneha1, respectively). Cultivar 'Hi-early' was lower than the check cultivar 'Samhan' in terms of the protein content (6.2% and 7.0%, respectively) and total digestible nutrients (61.0%, and 62.5%, respectively), while the TDN yield was more than the check (7.91toneha1 and 7.64toneha1, respectively). Fall sowing cropping of 'Hi-early' is recommended only in areas where average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than 6C, and it should not be cultivated in mountain areas, where frost damage is likely to occur.

Effect of PLA2 Inhibitor Rutin on Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury (내독소로 유도된 급성폐손상에서 PLA2의 억제제인 Rutin의 효과)

  • Kim, Seong-Eun;Lee, Young-Man;Park, Won-Hark
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.31-42
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    • 2004
  • Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a kind of acute lung injury characterized by inflammatory disruption of alveolar-capillary barrier and notorious for its high mortality. Neutrophils cause cell damage through the production of free radicals, inflammatory mediators, and proteases in ARDS. PLA2 might serve a primary regulatory role in the activation of neutrophils. This present study was performed to elucidate the effect of rutin known as PLA2 inhibitor on ARDS induced by endotoxin. Endotoxin had increased lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) protein content, numbers of neutrophils in BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) compared with those of control rat (p<0.001). In addition, histological evidence of lung injury was correlated with neutrophil influx into alveolar space and cerrous perhydroxide granules were found in lining of endothelial cell, alveolar type I, II cells. In contrast, pretreated group of rutin had significantly decreased all of the parameters (p<0.001). These data suggest that inhibition of PLA2 is one step approach that block the process of ARDS. Accordingly, we conclude that rutin can be used as the prophylactic agent for ARDS on the bases of these experimental results.

Photoprotective Effect of Grape Pruning Stem Extracts on the UVB Induced HR-1 Mice Skin (포도전정가지 추출물이 UVB에 유도된 HR-1 mice의 피부손상에 대한 광보호 효과)

  • Kim, Joung-Hee;Kim, Jong Guk;Kim, Sun-Gun;Jeong, Seung-IL;Jang, Min-Jung;Kim, Kil-Soo;Kim, Keuk-Jun;Kwack, Seung-Jun
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.383-389
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    • 2017
  • This study intends to analyze the contents of rutin, procyanidin B3, quercetin, kaempferol, known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic effects, among the polyphenol type contained in the grape pruning stem extracts (GPSE), utilizing grape stems being discarded after harvest, measure the effects on the skin moisture, inhibition of skin cell proliferation, anti-inflammatory on the damaged skin of a HR-1 mice induced with UVB, and verify the applicability as a material for functional food and functional cosmetics. The results of verifying the photoprotection effects through the skin proliferation control through of GPSE showed similar result to suncream was achieved at the GPSE concentration of 2,000 mg/kg on the epidermis (p<0.05). The results showed anti-inflammatory effects on all groups applied with GPSE as compared to the control group irradiated with UVB, but at the GPSE concentration of 1,000 mg/kg, a lower COX-2 protein expression at 8%, lower than the 22% of suncream, was observed to achieve an excellent anti-inflammatory effect (p<0.05). The results of this study confirmed the existence of active polyphenol type, such as rutin, kaempferol, querocetin and procyanidin B3, within the GPSE, and GPSE has improvement effects on moisturizing effects, skin proliferation control effect, inflammatory control effect and improvement effects on the skin barrier function through UV ray damage. GPSE is a functional ingredient with a potential for skin protection effects, and has high utilization as an ingredient for functional food and functional cosmetics.

Changes in Chemical Composition of glutinous rice during steeping and Quality Properties of Yukwa (찹쌀의 수침 중 이화학적 특성변화와 유과의 품질특성)

  • Lee, Yong-Hwan;Kum, Jun-Seok;Ku, Kyung-Hyung;Chun, Hyang-Sook;Kim, Woo-Jung
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.737-744
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    • 2001
  • This study was carried to investigate the changes in physical and chemical properties during preparation of Yukwa. Protein content of glutinous rice was decreased during soaking time and acid and pH values were increased while contents of lipid and ash were not changed. Particle size distribution showed thate average particle size of 7 days soaking treatment smaller than those of 3 days and starch damage of glutinous rice flour was increased during soaking time. The major flavor components after soaking were found ethyl ester acetic acid, ethanol, 2-butan -ol, 2-methyl 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 3-methyl 1-butanol and 1-pentanol, propanoic acid. Content of acetic acid and butanoic acid were rapidly increased during soaking time. Results for ratio of storage modulus(G') and loss modulus(G') in glutinous rice flour dough indicated tanδ was increased for a while and decreased as frequency increased. G' value was very similar with G' value after steaming which means rubber-like property while G' and G' value were changed after during storage time. Treatment at 20C had the highest hardness for cutting degree of dough. There was no difference in color value between different water contents. Hardness of Bandegi (sheet) was decreased as water content increased and the highest popping value was obtained at 18% of water contents. Adding 3% soaked bean had higher redness value of Yukwa and lower value in yellowness.

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Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Allium hookeri Root on Hepatic Enzyme Contents in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats (삼채 보충식이가 당뇨흰쥐 간의 항산화효소 함량에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Myung-Wha
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.399-407
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Allium hookeri (AH) root on hepatic antioxidative enzyme contents in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats through injection of STZ dissolved in citrate buffer into tail veins at a dose of 45 mg/kg body weight. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an AIN-93 recommended diet, and the experimental groups were fed a modified diet containing 5% and 10% of AH root powder for 4 weeks. The experimental groups were divided into four groups: a normal control (N-control), STZ-control, STZ-AH 5%, and STZ-AH 10% supplemented groups. The STZ-AH 5% group showed a significant increase in liver glycogen compared to the STZ-control group. Muscle glycogen and liver protein contents significantly increased in the AH-supplemented groups compared to the STZ-control group. The liver malondialdehyde content of the AH-supplemented group was significantly lower than that of the STZ-control group. Xanthine oxidase content was significantly reduced in all experimental groups. Glutathione-S-transferase content was significantly elevated in the AH-treated groups compared to the STZ-control group. Superoxide dismutase content was not significantly different among the experimental groups. Catalase content was significantly higher in the STZ-AH 10% group compared to the STZ-control group. These results show that supplementation with AH root may be useful for diabetic therapy and damage from oxidative stress.

EFFECT OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR GENE INJECTION ON THE NERVE REGENERATION IN RAT LINGUAL NERVE CRUSH-INJURY MODEL (백서 설신경 압박손상모델에서 신경성장인자 유전자 주입이 신경재생에 미치는 영향)

  • Gao, En-Feng;Chung, Hun-Jong;Ahn, Kang-Min;Kim, Soung-Min;Kim, Yun-Hee;Jahng, Jeong-Won;Lee, Jong-Ho
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.375-395
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    • 2006
  • Purpose: Lingual nerve (LN) damage may be caused by either tumor resection or injury such as wisdom tooth extraction, Although autologous nerve graft is sometimes used to repair the damaged nerve, it has the disadvantage of necessity of another operation for nerve harvesting. Moreover, the results of nerve grafting is not satisfactory. The nerve growth factor (NGF) is well-known to play a critical role in peripheral nerve regeneration and its local delivery to the injured nerve has been continuously tried to enhance nerve regeneration. However, its application has limitations like repeated administration due to short half life of 30 minutes and an in vivo delivery model must allow for direct and local delivery. The aim of this study was to construct a well-functioning rhNGFβ adenovirus for the ultimate development of improved method to promote peripheral nerve regeneration with enhanced and extended secretion of hNGF from the injured nerve by injecting rhNGFβ gene directly into crush-injured LN in rat model. Materials and Methods: hNGFβ gene was prepared from fetal brain cDNA library and cloned into E1/E3 deleted adenoviral vector which contains green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene as a reporter. After large scale production and purification of rhNGFβ adenovirus, transfection efficiency and its expression at various cells (primary cultured Schwann cells, HEK293 cells, Schwann cell lines, NIH3T3 and CRH cells) were evaluated by fluorescent microscopy, RT-PCR, ELISA, immunocytochemistry. Furthermore, the function of rhNGF-beta, which was secreted from various cells infected with rhNGFβ adenovirus, was evaluated using neuritogenesis of PC-12 cells. For in vivo evaluation of efficacy of rhNGFβ adenovirus, the LNs of 8-week old rats were exposed and crush-injured with a small hemostat for 10 seconds. After the injury, rhNGFβ adenovirus(2μl,1.5×1011pfu) or saline was administered into the crushed site in the experimental (n=24) and the control group (n=24), respectively. Sham operation of another group of rats (n=9) was performed without administration of either saline or adenovirus. The taste recovery and the change of fungiform papilla were studied at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. Each of the 6 animals was tested with different solutions (0.1M NaCl, 0.1M sucrose, 0.01M QHCl, or 0.01M HCl) by two-bottle test paradigm and the number of papilla was counted using SEM picture of tongue dorsum. LN was explored at the same interval as taste study and evaluated electro-physiologically (peak voltage and nerve conduction velocity) and histomorphometrically (axon count, myelin thickness). Results: The recombinant adenovirus vector carrying rhNGFβ was constructed and confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA sequence analysis. GFP expression was observed in 90% of rhNGFβ adenovirus infected cells compared with uninfected cells. Total mRNA isolated from rhNGFβ adenovirus infected cells showed strong RT-PCR band, however uninfected or LacZ recombinant adenovirus infected cells did not. NGF quantification by ELISA showed a maximal release of 18865.4±310.9pg/ml NGF at the 4th day and stably continued till 14 days by rhNGFβ adenovirus infected Schwann cells. PC-12 cells exposed to media with rhNGFβ adenovirus infected Schwann cell revealed at the same level of neurite-extension as the commercial NGF did. rhNGFβ adenovirus injected experimental groups in comparison to the control group exhibited different taste preference ratio. Salty, sweet and sour taste preference ratio were significantly different after 2 weeks from the beginning of the experiment, which were similar to the sham group, but not to the control group.

Superoxide Dismutase Gene Expression Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Alveolar Macrophage of Rat (폐포대식세포에서 내독소 자극에 의한 Superoxide Dismutase 유전자발현의 조절 기전)

  • Park, Kye-Young;Yoo, Chul-Gyu;Kim, Young-Whan;Han, Sung-Koo;Shim, Young-Soo;Hyun, In-Gyu
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.522-534
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    • 1995
  • Background: In the pathogenesis of acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS), oxygen radiclls are known to be involved in one part. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) protects oxygen radical-induced tissue damage by dismutating superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. In eukaryotic cells, two forms of SOD exist intracellularly as a cytosolic, dimeric copper/zinc-containing SOD(CuZnSOD) and a mitochondrial, tetrameric manganese-containing SOD(MnSOD). But there has been little information about SOD gene expression and its regulation in pulmonary alveolar macrophages(PAMs). The objective of this study is to evaluate the SOD gene expression induced by LPS and its regulation in PAMs of rat. Method: In Sprague-Dawley rats, PAMs obtained by broncholaveolar lavage were purified by adherence to plastic plate. To study the effect of LPS on the SOD gene expression of PAMs, they were stimulated with different doses of LPS(0.01μg/ml10μg/ml) and for different intervals(0, 2, 4, 8, 24hrs). Also for evaluating the level of SOD gene regulation actinomycin D(AD) or cycloheximide(CHX) were added respectively. To assess whether LPS altered SOD mRNA stability, the rate of mRNA decay was determined in control group and LPS-treated group. Total cellular RNA extraction by guanidinium thiocyanate/phenolfchlorofonn method and Northern blot analysis by using a 32P-labelled rat MnSOD and CuZnSOD cDNAs were performed. Results: The expression of mRNA in MnSOD increased dose-dependently, but not in CuZnSOD. MnSOD mRNA expression peaked at 8 hours after LPS treatment. Upregulation of MnSOD mRNA expression induced by LPS was suppressed by adding AD or CHX respectively. MnSOD mRNA stability was not altered by LPS. Conclusion: These findings show that PAMs of rat could be an important source of SOD in response to LPS, and suggest that their MnSOD mRNA expression may be regulated transcriptionally and require de novo protein synthesis without affecting mRNA stability.

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