• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2006

The experiments investigated whether early exposure to testosterone propionate (TP) during prepuberty alters testis development in Sprague-Dawley male rats. We performed Hershberger assay using the stimulated weanling male rats by OECD protocols, cDNA microarray, and Western blot. TP was subcutaneously injected to uncastrated Sprague-Dawley male rat of 22 days old for 10 consecutive days at doses of 0.4, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.6 mg/kg per day. At necropsy, the following tissues were removed and weighed: combined testes, epididymides (Epi), Cowper's glands (COW), levator am, and bulbocavernosus muscles (LABC), seminal vesicles, together with coagulating gland (SV) and ventral prostate (VP). We found that TP increased the weights of Epi, VP, SV, COW, and LABC, while testis was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. In cDNA microarray analysis of testis, there were significant reductions in the expression of cytochrome P450 11A (CYP11A), the rate-limiting enzyme of steroidogenesis. Taken together these results, TP exposure before puberty in male rats may produce the delay in testis development by inhibiting the CYP11A gene expression.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2020

This study describes pathological, immunohistochemical, and bacteriological findings in adult dogs and fetuses naturally infected with Brucella (B.) canis. A total of 42 dogs including 40 dogs and 2 aborted fetuses were examined. The most common gross lesions in infected dogs were swelling of lymph nodes and spleen. The testes showed marked swelling with multifocal to diffuse reddish discoloration. The most significant histopathological lesions were observed in the placenta. Placental trophoblasts were markedly hypertrophied due to the accumulation of intra-cellular gram-negative bacteria. Lymphocytic inflammation of varying severity was observed in the reproductive organs such as male testis, epididymis, and prostate gland and female uterus. Strong immunolabelling was observed in the cytoplasm of most trophoblasts in the placental tissues using immunohistochemistry. However, immunohistochemical staining did not demonstrate any organisms in other organs of dogs and fetuses. B. canis isolates were most frequently obtained from the whole blood (82.5%) and superficial inguinal lymph node (77.5%) in both sexes. In addition, the isolation rate was higher in male genital organs than in those of females. Hence, management of male dogs is most important because infected dogs can play a role as carriers.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2019

Objective : Recently, hair has become one of the important aspects of beauty. So, there are many studies about prevention and treatment of alopecia. Finasteride and minoxidil have been known to drug for alopecia treatment. However, these agents have side effects such as irritation, pruritus, and erythema when they were used for a long time. So, we assessed hair growth effect on herbal mixture (RAA) include in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Achyranthis Radix, and Acanthopanacis Cortex. Methods : 6 weeks aged C57BL/6 mice were divided three treatment groups. : CON group (vehicle solution), MNXD group (positive control, 3% minoxidil), RAA group (15% RAA solution). And we applied 200 ㎕ of three groups to shaved dorsal skin every day. Hair growth effects of treatment were determined through phototrichogram by folliscope and hair follicle morphometry by H&E staining. And we assessed hair growth-related gene (VEGF, IGF-1, TGF-β1) expressions by western blot and 5-α reductase II analysis of dermal (skin) or internal organ (prostate gland). Results : Hair density and hair follicle size in MNXD or RAA group was enhanced compared to those of CON group, respectively. Also, the protein expression levels in dermal of VEGF, IGF-1 increased but TGF-β1 decreased in RAA and MNXD group, compared to CON group, respectively. 5-α reductase II levels of tissues in MNXD or RAA group significantly decreased compared to those of CON group, respectively. Conclusion : These results suggest that RAA has the promoting effect on hair growth.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.230-237
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• 2023

A 6-year-old intact male Cane Corso dog weighing 40 kg with a 2-month history of dysuria, dyschezia, anorexia, intermittent panting, and penile discharge presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Jeju National University. Examination revealed a giant paraprostatic cyst (PPC) that occupied a large part of the abdomen and caused displacement of organs. Radiography, ultrasound, and computed tomography (CT) scans confirmed that the PPC had spread to the pelvic regions. Subtotal resection was performed, leaving two sites with PPC remnants. One site was the prostate gland, which communicated with, and adhered to, the PPC; the other site was the pelvic region, where the PPC had spread. The reason for leaving two remnants was that an anatomical approach for complete resection was difficult, and to avoid complications associated with prostatic urethra damage. Routine omentalization and castration were performed. Partial cystectomy was performed because of the presence of a diverticulum-like lesion in the ventral part of the urinary bladder. The patient's clinical symptoms, including dysuria, completely resolved, and voluntary urination was possible 1 day post-operatively. Histopathological examination revealed osseous metaplasia of the PPC. The patient was well-managed and had no post-operative complications or recurrence until day 180 of follow-up.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.351-358
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 호박씨유의 성분 특성과 기능성의 기초 자료 확보를 위해 수행되었다 그 결과, 호박씨유는 알려진 바와 같이 linoleic acid(44.7%), oleic acid(25.3%), palmitic acid(17.4%), stearic acid(7.9%)가 분석되었으며, 미량의 arachidonic acid(0.4%) 또한 함유하고 있었다. 세포 독성 실험을 통해 0.2 mg/mL 농도까지 독성이 관찰되지 않았고, 그 이상의 농도에서도 호박씨유보다는 용매에 의한 독성이 관찰되었다. 지방 성분 분석을 통해 구성 성분 및 함유량이 확인된 호박씨유를 이용하여 혈관 보호 및 질병 예방에 대한 잠재적 기능성을 연구하기 위해 nitric oxide 분비량 측정, 대표적인 세포 부착 단백질인 ICAM-1 및 VCAM-1의 발현과 cell proliferation 측정한 결과, 호박씨유는 TNF-${\alpha}$에 의해 감소된 nitric oxide를 유의하게 증가시켰다. 또한 ICAM-1과 VCAM-1의 발현을 확인한 결과, ICAM-1은 유의한 수준으로 감소되었고, 반면 VCAM-1은 감소하는 경향은 보였으나, 통계적인 유의성은 관찰되지 않았다. 호박씨유의 HUVEC proliferation 억제 효과는 TNF-${\alpha}$ 100 ng/mL 처리군(113%)과 비교하여 PSO 0.01 mg/mL, 0.05 mg/mL 및 0.1 mg/mL를 처리 군에서 100.7%, 100.8%, 90.3%의 억제 효과가 관찰되어 무처리 control군과 유사한 수준을 유지하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 위의 연구 결과를 종합해 보면, 호박씨유는 불포화지방산이 다량 함유된 우수한 식물성 유지이며, 기능적으로 혈관 보호 및 질병 예방에 잠재적으로 우수한 활성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 기초 자료로 하여 효과적인 기능성 식품 및 소재의 개발이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.618-623
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• 1995

저자들은 내원 3개월 전부터 발생한 두통을 주소로 내원하여 검사결과 폐와 중추신경계를 동시에 침범한 효모균증으로 진단된 56세 여자환자에서 amphotericin B로 6주간 치료한 후 fluconazole 200mg/day로 전환하여 3개월간 경구 투여하여, 증상 및 흉부 방사선 소견의 호전과 함께 뇌척수액 추적 검사상 호전되고 두부 전산화 단층촬영상 특이 소견은 발견하지 못한 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 이에 보고한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2007

Objectives : Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is the major component in commercial liquid epoxy resins, which are manufactured by co-reacting bisphenol A with epichlorohydrin. This study was performed to show the developmental effects of prenatal and postnatal exposures to BADGE in male rat offspring. Methods : Mated female rats were divided into four groups, each containing 12 rats. The dosing solutions were prepared by thoroughly mixing BADGE in corn oil at the 0, 375, 1500 and 3000 mg/kg/day concentrations. Mated females were dosed once daily by oral gavage on gestation day (GD) 6 - 20 and postnatal day (PND) 0 - 21. Pregnant female dams were observed general symptoms and body weight. Also, male pups were observed the general symptoms, body weight, developmental parameters (e.g. anogenital distance, pina detachment, incisor eruption, nipple retention, eye opening, testis descent), organ pathologic changes and hormone levels of plasma. Results : Pregnant rats treated with BADGE died at a rate of about 70% in the 1500 mg/kg/day group and all rats treated with 3000 mg/kg/day died. Body weight, for male pups treated with doses of 375 mg/kg/day, was significantly lower than in the control group at PND 42, 56, and 63 (p<0.05). Evaluation of body characteristics including; separation of auricle, eruption of incisor, separation of eyelid, nipple retention, descent of testis, and separation of the prepuce in the BADGE treated group showed no difference in comparisons with the control group. AGD and adjusted AGD (mm/kg) for general developmental items in BADGE 375 mg/kg/day treated pups tended to be longer than in controls, however, these differences were not statistically significant. Relative weights of adrenal gland, lung (p<0.05), brain, epididymis, prostate, and testis (p<0.01) were heavier than in control in measures at PND 9 weeks. There were no significant changes in comparisons of histological findings of these organs. Loss of spermatids was observed in the seminiferous tubule at PND 9 weeks, but no weight changes were observed. The plasma estrogen levels were similar in the control and treatment groups at PND 3, 6 and 9 weeks. The plasma testosterone levels in the control group tended to increase with age. However, in the BADGE 375 mg/kg/day treated male pups it did not tend to increase. Conclusions : These findings suggest that BADGE is a chemical that has developmental effects consistent with it being an endocrine disruptor.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.267-271
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• 1997

Apoptosis, programmed cell death, is posulated to occur in granulosa cells in ovarian follicular atresia. bcl-2 gene serves as protector from apoptosis and, thus, is associated with increased cell survival. TRPM-2 gene expression has been implicated as a trigger of apoptosis in rat prostate, uterus and mammary gland. Our objective was to determine if bcl-2 and TRPM-2 are expressed in luteinized human GC and, therefore, have regulatory functions for apoptosis in GC. Human GC were obtained via oocyte retrival from the infertile patients stimulated with exogeneous gonadotropins while undergoing IVF. GC were isolated from follicular fluid using Percoll gradient centrifugation. The GC were further purified with anti-CD45 magnetic beads to remove contaminating WBC's. RT-PCR were performed to analyze the mRNA expression of bcl-2 and TRPM-2 in the GC. The PCR primers were designed to amplify a 195 bp fragment of bcl-2 and a 174 bp fragment of TRPM-2. The PCR products were electrophoresed on 4% agarose gel. Three separate experiments indicated that both bcl-2 and TRPM-2 are concurrently expressed in human GC. We cultured granulosa cells with FSH (1 ng/ml) for 1 day to investigate the relative changes of TRPM-2 mRNA level with RNAse protection assay. When we cultured GC with serum free medium for 1 day TRPM-2 mRNA level increased with 1.3 fold, however it was decreased 0.64 fold with FSH. Therefore we conclude that bcl-2 and TRPM-2 are concurrently expressed and that the interaction of their products may be involved in GC apoptosis. And TRPM-2 may be regulated with FSH.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.501-509
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• 2022

도토리 화분은 국내에서 가장 많이 생산되는 단일 화분으로, 민간에서는 지혈, 빈혈방지, 전립선염 치료 등에 이용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 식물 화분을 이용한 기능성 식의약품 소재 개발 가능성을 검토하고자, 도토리 화분의 에탄올 추출물의 극성별 유기용매 분획물을 제조하고 이의 성분 분석, 항산화, 항응고, 혈소판 응집 저해활성 및 활성 분획물의 적혈구 용혈 활성을 평가하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 도토리 화분 에탄올 추출물 중 에틸아세테이트 분획물에서 가장 높은 225.0 mg/g을 나타내었다. 상기 에틸아세테이트 분획은 DPPH, ABTS 및 nitrite에 대한 RC₅₀값이 각각 72.2, 27.7 및 62.6 ㎍/ml를 나타내어 강력한 항산화 활성을 보였다. 한편 도토리 화분의 항혈전 활성 평가를 위해 혈액응고저해 활성 평가 결과, 모든 분획물에서 5 mg/ml 농도까지 특이한 항응고 활성은 나타나지 않았다. 반면 혈소판 응집저해활성 평가 결과, 도토리 화분 추출물의 에틸아세테이트 분획물, 부탄올 분획물 및 물 잔류물에서 우수한 응집저해가 나타났으나, 헥산 분획물에서는 오히려 응집촉진 효과를 나타내었다. 항산화 활성 및 혈소판 응집 저해활성이 우수한 도토리 화분 추출물의 에틸아세테이트 분획물은 1 mg/ml 농도까지 인간 적혈구 용혈활성이 없었으며, UPLC/MS/MS 분석결과 rutin, isoquercitrin 및 astragalin이 주요 활성물질임을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 도토리 화분 추출물의 에틸아세테이트 분획물을 이용한 새로운 항산화 및 항혈전제로 개발이 가능함을 제시하고 있다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2021

Objectives : In the current study, we performed the 13-week repeated oral dose toxicity test and a 4-week recovery test of standardized Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. and Psoralea corylifolia L. 30 % ethanol extract (SCP) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats owing to aims for verifying no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). Methods : The animal study was performed according to OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals section 4 health effects test No.408 repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study in rodents (03 October 2008). In the repeated dose toxicity study, SCP was orally administered to female and male rats at dose levels of 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 mg/kg/day for 13-week. The control group and high dose (4,000 mg/kg/day) group were then monitored for 4 extra weeks to determine recovery time after the study period. 1) Results : Compared with the control group, there were no treatment-related adverse effects in clinical signs, body weight, hematology, serum biochemistry (Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase, 𝛾-Glutamyl transpeptidase, Blood urea nitrogen, Creatinine, Glucose, Total cholesterol, Total protein, Creatine phosphokinase, Albumin, Total bilirubin, Triglyceride, Inorganic phosphorus, Albumin/Globulin ratio, Calcium ion, Sodium ion, Potassium ion, Chloride ion), necropsy findings and organ weight (Ovary, Adrenal gland, Pituitary, Thymus, Prostate, Testis, Epididymis, Spleen, Kidney, Heart, Lung, Brain, Liver) at any dose tested. Conclusions : Taken together, these results suggest that the NOAEL of SCP in both genders was considered as over 4,000 mg/kg. Results from this study provide scientific evidence for the safety of SCP.