• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.168-172
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• 2000

Prostatic length and height on sagittal images and prostatic width and height on transverse images were measured ultrasonographically to establish upper limit of the prostate in 45 dogs which were clinically healthy and sexuallly intact. Linear 5regression and correlatin analysis were performed between prostatic parameters(length and height on sagittal images & width and height on transverse images) and parameters related to body size(body weight, left kidney length) and age of the dogs. Prostatic parameters were significantly correlated with body size and age of the dogs. Maximum predicted values with body weight and age for prostatic parameters were determined based o the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval of the mean predicted values. Such values should be useful for the small animal clinicians in determining if the prostate gland is too large for a given body weight and age, and may contribute to clinicl signs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 2002.06b
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• pp.45-45
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• 2002

Extracellular ATP regulates a wide range of cellular function including the growth of prostate gland. Purinoceptors (ATP receptors) are divided into P2X (ligand-gated ion channels) and P2Y (G-protein-coupled receptor) subfamilies. In the present study, we investigated the types of purinoceptors in rat prostate neuroendocrine (RPNE) cells using whole-cell patch clamp technique, intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ measurement and RT-PCR analysis.(omitted)d)

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1827-1831
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• 2015

Background: We generated a mouse model of prostate cancer based on the adult-prostate-specific inactivation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) using the Cre-loxP system. The potential of our mice as a useful animal model was examined by evaluating the chemopreventive efficacy of the anti-androgen, chlormadinone acetate (CMA). Materials and Methods: Six-week-old mice were treated subcutaneously with $50{\mu}g/g$ of CMA three times a week for 9 or 14 weeks and sacrificed at weeks 15 and 20. Macroscopic change of the entire genitourinary tract (GUT) and histologically evident prostate gland tumor development were evaluated. Proliferation and apoptosis status in the prostate were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results: CMA triggered significant shrinkage of not only the GUT but also prostate glands at 15 weeks compared to the control (p=0.017 and p=0.010, respectively), and the trend became more marked after a further five-weeks of treatment. The onset of prostate adenocarcinoma was not prevented but the proliferation of cancer cells was inhibited by CMA, which suggested the androgen axis is critical for cancer growth in these mice. Conclusions: Conditional PTEN-deficient mice are useful as a preclinical model for chemoprevention studies and serve as a valuable tool for the future screening of potential chemopreventive agents.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.35-38
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• 2018

Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) is a rare malignant neoplasm that occasionally occurs in the large intestine (colon), followed by the pancreas, ovary, lung, prostate, and breast. It is characterized by large amounts of extracellular epithelial mucin that contains tumor cell nests. We herein present a unique case of MAC originating from minor salivary gland, the second to be reported in literature in South Korea. We report a case of MAC in the tongue considered to be developed from minor salivary gland with a review of literature.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.265-276
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• 2011

The aim of the present study is to validate the effects of treatment with different concentration of estrogen receptor alpha agonist, propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) on the weight and histological structure in the accessory reproductive organs (ventral prostate, seminal vesicle and preputial gland) of male mouse. Treated groups received different doses of PPT 0.01 mg, 0.1 mg and 1.0 mg per week respectively, for 3, 5, and 8 weeks. In general, the weight of reproductive organs was increased in PPT 0.01 mg and 0.1 mg treatment, however decreased in PPT 1.0 mg treatment. Epithelial tissues in the ventral prostate were changed from simple columnar epithelium to squamous or cuboidal epithelium in the treated groups. On week 3, PPT groups caused decrease of epithelial cell height in the ventral prostate. Lumen of the seminal vesicle was narrowed in the treated group. Epithelial cell height of seminal vesicle was reduced in the PPT treatment. Acinus tissue of preputial gland in PPT 1.0 mg treatment was dramatically atrophied than that of control group. These results are useful as a reference to determine the administration concentration of PPT in experiments for understanding the physiological functions of estrogen in the male.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.327-337
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• 2009

Objective : In benign prostatic hyperplasia, dihydrotestosterone acts as a potent cellular androgen and promotes prostate growth. Inhibiting enzyme 5${\alpha}$-reductase, which is involved in the conversion of testosterone to the active form dihydrotestosterone, reduces excessive prostate growth. Recently Scutellaria baicalensis has been related reports about the effect of baicalein on anti-proliferation of the prostate gland. In this study, we investigated the effects of Scutellaria baicalensis on cytopathological alterations and expression of 5${\alpha}$-reductase in the rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia induced by castration and testosterone treatment. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rat were treated with testosterone after castration for induction of experimental benign prostatic hyperplasia, which is similar to human benign prostatic hyperplasia in histopathological profiles. Scutellaria baicalensis as an experimental specimen, and finasteride as a positive control, were administered orally. The prostates were evaluated by histopathological changes, testosterone levels, and the expression of 5${\alpha}$-reductase genes. Results : While prostates of control rats revealed severe acinar gland atrophy and stromal proliferation, the rats treated with Scutellaria baicalensis showed a diminished range of tissue damage. In the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) of 5${\alpha}$-reductase genes. Scutellaria baicalensis inhibited the expression of 5${\alpha}$-reductase genes. Conclusions : These findings suggest that Scutellaria baicalensis may protect glandular epithelial cells and also inhibit stromal proliferation in association with the suppression of 5${\alpha}$-reductase. From theses results, we suggest that Scutellaria baicalensis could be a useful remedy agent for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Morindae officinalis Radix (巴戟) on the spermatogenesis and antioxidant activities in the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat. Materials and Methods: We choose the 2-month-old SD rats, and administered the extract powder of Morindae officinalis Radix once in a day for 28 days. The control rats were administered normal water in the same way and duration. We observed changes of body weight, surgically isolated testis, epididymis, vascular gland and prostate gland before and after administration of Morindae officinalis Radix extracts in SD Rats. Also we compared the testicular tissue, especially seminiferous tubules between the control and treated groups by histochemical methods. In addition, we examined the total, normal, morphologic and motile sperm in the cauda epididymis, and the activity of catalase and peroxidase in the isolated testis tissue. Results: There was no significant difference between control and treatment groups in the body weight, testis, vascular and prostate gland, but the weight of epididymis showed significant difference in the control group. The concentration of total sperm, the motility and normality of spermatozoa was significantly different when compared with the control group, respectively. In the histological examination of testicular tissues, the tendency of increasement of angiogenesis between seminiferous tubules was observed. And the concentration of spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocyte and sperm were higher than that of control testicular tissues. Finally, the activity of catalase and peroxidase related inhibitory molecules of oxidation were slightly increased in the treatment group than those of control group. Conclusions: This study shows that Morindae officinalis Radix has the beneficial effect on the concentration, morphology and motility of sperm, the important factor in male fertility. We can suggest that Morindae officinalis Radix has an effect on the spermatogenesis in the SD rat.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.32-47
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) characterized by an enlarged prostate gland is common in elderly men. Corni Fructus (CF) and Schisandrae Fructus (SF) are known to have various pharmacological effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory efficacy of CF, SF, and their mixture (MIX) on the development of BPH using an in vivo model of testosterone-induced BPH. MATERIALS/METHODS: Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups. To induce BPH, testosterone propionate (TP) was injected to rats except for those in the control group. Finasteride, saw palmetto (SP), CF, SF, and MIX were orally administered along with TP injection. At the end of treatment, histological changes in the prostate and the level of various biomarkers related to BPH were evaluated. RESULTS: Our results showed that BPH induced by TP led to prostate weight and histological changes. Treatment with MIX effectively improved TP-induced BPH by reducing prostate index, lumen area, epithelial thickness, and expression of BPH biomarkers such as 5α-reductase type 2, prostate-specific antigen, androgen receptor, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen compared to treatment with CF or SF alone. Moreover, MIX further reduced levels of elevated serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and prostate-specific antigen in BPH compared to the SP, a positive control. BPH was also improved more by MIX than by CF or SF alone. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, MIX is a potential natural therapeutic candidate for BPH by regulating 5α-reductase and AR signaling pathway.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.258-260
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• 2007

Purpose: Myoepithelioma is a rare tumor that originates exclusively from myoepithelial cells of the salivary glands, breast and the prostate. Myoepithelioma accounts for less than 1% of all salivary gland tumors. The objective of our study is to present our experience of the infra-auricular mass which was finally diagnosed as a myoepithelioma. Methods: A 54-year-old woman was presented with a firm, movable, slow-growing infra-auricular mass with 3 cm in diameter. MRI scans and fine needle biopsy was performed for preoperative diagnostic study. A superficial parotidectomy was preceded and removed tumor successfully. Results: Histopathological study revealed a myoepithelioma of plasmacytoid type. Patient's postoperative course was uneventful without any complication and had no evidence of recurrence of tumor for 9 months follow-up period. Conclusion: Myoepithelioma in the parotid gland shows similar clinical courses and intraoperative finding to the pleomorphic adenoma and superficial parotidectomy was selective choice for treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1943-1948
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• 2012

Introduction: Prostate cancer in Indonesia is the $3^{rd}$ ranking cancer among males and the $5^{th}$ rank for their cancer mortality. Prognostic markers that can identify aggressive prostate cancer in early stages and help select appropriate therapy to finally reduce the mortality are therefore urgently needed. It has been suggested that stem cells in the prostate gland have a role in initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer, although controversy continues to exist. Maintenance of normal stem cell or reserve cell populations in several epithelia including prostate has been shown to be regulated by p63 and alteration of p63 expression is considered to have an oncogenic role in prostate cancer. We hypothesize that the expression of cytoplasmic aberrance of p63 is associated with high ALDH1A1 expression as a cancer stem cell marker, thus leading to progression of prostate cancer. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study during two years (2009-2010), a total of 79 paraffin embedded tissues of benign prostatic hyperplasia, PIN prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, low and high Gleason score prostate cancer were investigated using immunohistochemistry. Associations between cytoplasmic p63 and ALDH1A1, as well as with pathological diagnosis, were analyzed by Chi-Square test using SPSS 15.0. Links of both markers with cell proliferation rate (KI-67) and apoptotic rate (cleaved caspase 3) were also analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The mean age of patient at the diagnosis is 70.0 years. Cytoplasmic aberrance of p63 was associated with ALDH1A1 expression (p<0.001) and both were found to have significant relationships with pathological diagnosis (including Gleason score), (p=0.006 and p<0.001 respectively). Moreover, it was also found that higher levels of cytoplasmic p63 were significantly associated with the frequency of proliferating cells and cells undergoing apoptosis in prostate cancers (p=0.001 and p=0.016 respectively). Conclusion: p63 cytoplasmic aberrance is associated with high ALDH1A1 expression. These components are suggested to have an important role in prostate cancer progression and may be used as molecular markers.