• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6541-6548
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• 2013

Pigmented rice is mainly black, red, and dark purple, and contains a variety of flavones, tannin, polyphenols, sterols, tocopherols, ${\gamma}$-oryzanols, amino acids, and essential oils. The present study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of purple rice extracts (PREs) combined with chemotherapeutic drugs on human cancer cells and mechanisms of cell death. Methanolic (MeOH) and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of three cultivars of purple rice in Thailand: Doisaket (DSK), Nan and Payao (PYO), were tested and compared with white rice (KK6). Cytotoxicity was determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, prostate cancer LNCaP and murine normal fibroblast NIH3T3 cells. MeOH-PYO-PRE was the most cytotoxic and inhibited HepG2 cell growth more than that of LNCaP cells but was not toxic to NIH3T3 cells. When PREs were combined with paclitaxel or vinblastine, they showed additive cytotoxic effects on HepG2 and LNCaP cells, except for MeOH-PYO-PRE which showed synergistic effects on HepG2 cells when combined with vinblastine. MeOH-PYO-PRE plus vinblastine induced HepG2 cell apoptosis with loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) but no ROS production. MeOH-PYO-PRE-treated HepG2 cells underwent apoptosis via caspase-9 and-3 activation. The level of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol was highest in DCM-PYO-PRE (44.17 mg/g) whereas anthocyanin content was high in MeOH-PYO-PRE (5.80 mg/g). In conclusion, methanolic Payao purple rice extract was mostly toxic to human HepG2 cells and synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of vinblastine. Human HepG2 cell apoptosis induced by MeOH-PYO-PRE and vinblastine was mediated through a mitochondrial pathway.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2007

Objective : Women's obesity brings prblems not only appearance but also health which men do not have. This study was conducted to investigate the different factors of obesity between men and women. Materials and Methods : We searched papers usin key words (women, gender, and obesity) on pubmed and obesity journal. Result : Women's obesity leads to amenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, poly cystic ovarian syndrome, abortion, and luteal phase inadequacy. Obesity induces metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular problems, hypertension, cancer, and psychophysiologic diseases. The difference in body morphology and in particular fat distribution between the sexes leads to gender-specific differences in prevalence of chronic diseases, and unique problems for each sex including infertility, problems during pregnancy, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and endometrial carcinoma in women, and prostate and testicular cancer in men. The influence of gender on obesity is had by genetic view, hormones, pregnancy, delivery, and menopause. Conclusion : Obese women have higher risk factors than men by the influence of gender.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the cell growth inhibitory effect of tissue cultured root of wild Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer (tcwPG). The human stomach carcinoma cell line, MKN 74, was incubated with 70% EtOH extract of tcwPG or Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer (PG) for 24 hrs. tcwPG inhibited cell growth at a concentration of $250{\mu}g/ml$. However, Panax ginseng extract did not inhibit cell growth at the same concentration. We also tested the ethyl acetate and $H_2O$ fractions of tcwPG. The inhibitory effect of the ethyl acetate fraction on cell proliferation in MKN 74 cells was more potent than that of the crude extract, and the inhibitory effect of the $H_2O$ fraction was less than that of the ethyl acetate fraction. When we separated tcwPG into polar and non-polar saponin fractions and then measured cell growth inhibition, the non-polar saponin in tcwPG exhibited cytotoxicity. To compare the effects of tcwPG on various cancer cell lines, we measured cytotoxicity in MKN 74 (stomach cancer cell line), SW 620 (colon cancer cell line) and PC 3 (prostate cancer cell line). All three cell lines showed cell growth inhibition, and the cell growth inhibitory effects were not quite different in the various cell lines. The non-polar saponins of tcwPG arrested PC 3 cells at G1-phase as did Panax ginseng.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.877-887
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• 2016

Tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) is a retinoic acid-inducible protein that is considered a putative tumor suppressor. The expression of TIG1 is decreased in malignant prostate carcinoma or poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma, but TIG1 is present in benign or well-differentiated tumors. Ectopic TIG1 expression led to suppression of growth in cancer cells. However, the function of TIG1 in cell differentiation is still unknown. Using a yeast two-hybrid system, we found that transmembrane protein 192 (TMEM192) interacted with TIG1. We also found that both TIG1A and TIG1B isoforms interacted and co-localized with TMEM192 in HtTA cervical cancer cells. The expression of TIG1 induced the expression of autophagy-related proteins, including Beclin-1 and LC-3B. The silencing of TMEM192 reduced the TIG1-mediated upregulation of autophagic activity. Furthermore, silencing of either TIG1 or TMEM192 led to alleviation of the upregulation of autophagy induced by all-trans retinoic acid. Our results demonstrate that the expression of TIG1 leads to cell autophagy through TMEM192. Our study also suggests that TIG1 and TMEM192 play an important role in the all-trans retinoic acid-mediated upregulation of autophagic activity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.336-342
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• 2008

The resveratrol analogue piceatannol (3,5,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a polyphenol present in grapes and wine and reported to have anti-carcinogenic activities. To investigate the mechanism of anticarcinogenic activities of piceatannol, the effects on CYP 1 enzymes were determined in Escherichia coli membranes coexpressing recombinant human CYP1A1, CYP1A2 or CYP1B1 with human NADPH-P450 reductase. Piceatannol showed a strong inhibition of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in a concentration-dependent manner, and $IC_{50}$ of human CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 was 5.8 ${\mu}M$ and 16.6 ${\mu}M$, respectively. However, piceatannol did not inhibit CYP1A2 activity in the concentration of up to 100 ${\mu}M$. Piceatannol exhibited 3-fold selectivity for CYP1B1 over CYP1A1. The mode of inhibition of piceatannol was non-competitive for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. The result that piceatannol did not inhibit CYP1B1-mediated $\alpha$-naphthoflavone ($\alpha$-NF) metabolism suggests piceatannol may act as a non-competitive inhibitor as well. In human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells, piceatannol induces apoptosis and prevents Aktmediated signal pathway. Taken together, abilities of piceatannol to induce apoptotic cell death as well as CYP1 enzyme inhibition make this compound a useful tool for cancer chemoprevention.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.433-435
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• 2000

A 6000-year-old male with carcinoma of the prostate and cerebral infarction underwent a Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy for the evaluation of skeletal metastases. Bone scintigraphy (Fig. 1) showed multiple areas of increased uptake of Tc-99m MDP in the skull, spine, and ribs representing skeletal metastases. Two different patterns of uptake occurred in the skull region (Fig. 1A-C); one represents bony metastasis and the ether represents cerebral infarction. The shape, size, location, intensity, and border of the increased uptake differed between the two lesions. An oval-shaped pattern with smaller size, greater intensity and more sharply defined border in the frontal region was consistent with bony metastasis. A rectangular-shaped pattern with larger size, lesser intensity and relatively indistinct border in the temporo-parieto-occipital region was consistent with cerebral infarction. Increased uptake of bone-seeking radiotracers in cerebral infarction has been reported previously.$^{1-4)}$ A suggested mechanism by which bone-seeking radiotracers accumulate in the necrotizing cerebral tissue is an alteration of the blood-brain barrier induced during cerebral infarction, which results in entry of the radiotracers into the extracellular space of the brain.$^{4)}$ Brain CT (Fig. 2) performed 7 days before and one month after the bone scintigraphy revealed lesions on the right temporo-parieto-occipital region consistent with acute hemorrhagic and chronic cerebral infarction, respectively.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제7권2_3호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2013

In this study, a novel bombesin (BBN) analogues, DOTA-Ala($SO_3H$)-4 aminobenzoyl-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-$NH_2$ (DOTA-sBBN) and DOTA-Lys(glucose)-4 aminobenzoyl-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-$NH_2$ (DOTA-gluBBN), were synthesized and radiolabeled, and their binding affinities were evaluated. Peptides were prepared by a solid phase synthesis method and their purities were over 98%. DOTA is the chelating agent for $^{177}Lu$-labeling, and the DOTA-conjugated peptides were radiolabeled with $^{177}Lu$ by a high radiolabeling yield (>98%). The Log P values of DOTA-sBBN and DOTA-gluBBN were -2.20 and -2.79, respectively. 50.41% of $^{177}Lu$-DOTA-sBBN and 72.97% of $^{177}Lu$-DOTA-gluBBN were left undegraded by the serum incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 hr. A competitive displacement of $^{125}I-[Tyr^4]$-BBN on the PC-3 human prostate carcinoma cells revealed that 50% inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) were 1.46 nM of DOTA-sBBN and 4.67 nM of DOTA-gluBBN indicating a highly nanomolar binding affinity for GRPR. Therefore, it is concluded that $^{177}Lu$-DOTA-sBBN and $^{177}Lu$-DOTA-gluBBN can be potential candidates as a targeting modality for the Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-over-expressing tumors, and further studies to evaluate their biological and pharmacological characteristics are needed.

• 공업화학
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.585-590
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• 2020

암(예: 폐암, 전립선암, 간암, 부신겉질샘암종 등)의 조기 진단은 치료비용, 생존율, 완치 여부를 결정짓는 아주 중요한 단계다. 현재의 암 진단 시스템(예: 조직검사, 컴퓨터단층쵤영, 양전자방출단층쵤영, 자기공명영상, 초음파촬영 등)은 고가의 장비를 사용하거나 훈련된 고급 인력만이 수행 가능하기 때문에 신속한 조기 진단에 적합하지 못하다. 국제 의과학 사회는 현장검사(point of care) 디바이스 개발을 통한 효과적인 질병 관리 시스템 개발을 지향하고 있으며, 다양한 분석법 기반의 디바이스가 개발되어왔다. 이 중에서도 측면 흐름 면역 크로마토그래피 분석법 스트립은 경제적인 비용, 짧은 검사 시간, 사용자의 쉬운 접근성 등의 많은 이점들이 있다. 본 논문에서는 LFIA 스트립의 최신 연구 동향을 바탕으로 암 진단 관점에서의 비색법 기반 LFIA 스트립의 연구 방향 및 잠재적 응용에 대해 논의하고자 한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.200-207
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• 2015

본 연구에서 우리는 갈색거저리 유충 추출물의 암세포 선택적인 세포독성 활성을 암세포주를 대상으로 하는 in vitro 및 in vivo 실험으로 증명하였다. 먼저 갈색거저리 유충의 에탄올 추출물은 정상세포라 할 수 있는 primary hepatocyte에 대한 독성은 미미하였으나 암세포주들에 대한 세포독성과 함께 다른 정상세포인 primary cardiomyocyte에 대한 독성도 가지고 있었다. 에탄올 추출물을 hexane, butanol, ethyl acetate, 물을 이용하여 liquid-liquid partition으로 추가로 분획, 구성물질들을 분리하였고 이들 분획물 중에서 hexane 분획물은 다양한 암세포들(PC3, 22Rv1, HeLa, PLC/PRF5, HepG2, Hep3B, SK-HEP-1, HCT116, NCI-H460, MDA-MB231, SKOV3)에 대한 독성을 유지하면서 cardiomyocyte에 대한 독성이 상당히 줄어들었다. 0.4 mg/mL 에탄올 추출물이 cardiomyocyte를 대부분 죽이는 독성을 보였으나 동일조건에서 hexane 분획물은 약 20% 정도의 세포독성만을 보여주어 독성이 상당히 감소된 것을 확인하였다. 이렇게 비특이적인 세포독성이 물질분리 및 분획을 함으로써 줄어들 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 두 번째로 hexane과 ethyl acetate 분획물들이 아포토시스, 세포괴사, 오토파지와 같은 대표적인 세포죽음 기전들을 활성화시킬 수 있는 것으로 확인하였다. 더불어 hexane 분획물의 세포죽음 유도활성은 현재 임상에서 널리 처방되고 있는 항암물질들과 함께 간암세포주에 처리되었을 때 항암활성을 증대시킬 수 있는 것으로 확인하였다. 이와 같은 실험 결과를 바탕으로 갈색거저리 유충 추출물들이 단독으로 혹은 다른 세포독성 약물들과 함께 항암활성을 가질 수 있음을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 hexane 분획물의 항암활성을 in vivo xenograft 실험쥐 모델에서 확인하였는데, 간암세포주인 SK-HEP-1을 이식한 실험쥐에서 hexane 분획물을 15일간 복강주사 하였을 때 종양의 성장을 뚜렷하게 억제하는 것을 확인하였고, 앞선 정상세포에 대한 제한적인 영향과 일치하게 몸무게의 감소 등 부작용이라 할 수 있는 증상은 확인되지 않았다. 이상의 결과들을 종합하면 갈색거저리 유충 추출물의 항암활성을 in vitro와 in vivo에서 확인할 수 있었으며, 새로운 항암활성을 가지는 물질 발굴을 위해 추가적인 분획과 물질 분석이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2018

본 연구는 그리냐르 시약과 $[^{11}C]$$CO_2$ 가스의 반응온도를 최적화하여 $[^{11}C]$아세트산의 방사화학적 수율을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법을 개발하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 $TRACERlab^{TM}$ $FX_{C-Pro}$ 자동합성장치에 기체포집 반응법과 고체상 추출 카트리지 분리정제법을 적용하여 $[^{11}C]$아세트산을 합성하였다. 그리냐르 시약으로 3.0 M $CH_3MgCl$를 사용하였으며, 표지반응 시 무수 tetrahydrofuran을 사용하여 0.5 M $CH_3MgCl$로 희석하여 사용하였다. 사이클로트론에서 생산된 $[^{11}C]$$CO_2$ 가스를 포집 후 반응용기에 담겨있는 그리냐르 시약에 불어넣을 때 반응용기를 액체질소로 냉각하여 $0^{\circ}C$, $-10^{\circ}C$, $-55^{\circ}C$가 각각 되게 한 후 표지반응을 진행하였다. 표지 반응 후 1 mM 아세트산 용액을 넣어 반응액을 희석한 후 고체상 추출 카트리지 IC-H와 IC-Ag를 차례로 통과시켜 불순물을 제거하고, 최종산물인 $[^{11}C]$아세트산은 SAX 카트리지에 통과시켜 흡착시킨 후 주사용수를 통과시켜 유기용매 및 불순물을 제거한 후 생리식염수로 용출하였다. 용출된 $[^{11}C]$ 아세트산은 $0.22-{\mu}m$ 멸균필터를 사용하여 멸균 후 HPLC로 방사화학적 순도를 측정하였다. 사이클로트론의 빔 전류를 $50{\mu}A$로 고정하고 빔 조사를 20분간 하여 생산된 $[^{11}C]$$CO_2$ 가스를 그리냐르 시약과 반응시킬 때 온도가 $0^{\circ}C$일 때 $15.2{\pm}1.6GBq$ (n=5)의 $[^{11}C]$아세트산이 합성되었고, 표지반응온도가 $-10^{\circ}C$일 때는 $18.7{\pm}2.1GBq$ (n=19)가 합성되었으며, $-55^{\circ}C$일 때는 $7.7{\pm}1.7GBq$ (n=19)가 합성되었다. 방사화학적 수율이 가장 높았던 $-10^{\circ}C$에서 빔 조사시간에 따른 $[^{11}C]$ 아세트산의 합성수율을 비교하였을 때 10분간 빔을 조사할 때보다 20분간 조사할 경우 약 1.9배 생산량이 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 $[^{11}C]$$CO_2$ 가스와 그리냐르 시약을 $-10^{\circ}C$에서 반응 할 경우 방사화학적 수율을 크게 개선할 수 있어 향후 임상에서 통상적으로 생산 시 유용한 표지조건으로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.