• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7085-7088
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• 2015

Background: The high incidence of prostate cancer as the most common malignancy in males in many countries raises the question of developing reliable detection tests. The prostate specific antigen (PSA) test is the most widely used for screening for prostate cancer; however, its low specificity elevates the number of unnecessarily biopsies. Serum human kallikrein-2 (hK2) is considered as a promising marker, and especially its ratio to fPSA, for predicting the presence of malignancy to select the best choice referring to biopsy or surveillance. In this study, we investigated the role of hK2 and its combinations with other markers to discriminate prostate cancer from benign diseases in Syrian patients. Materials and Methods: In this prospective oriented cross-sectional cohort study, serum samples were collected from patients referred to many Hospitals in Damascus, Syria, between May 2011 and March 2012, and diagnosed with biopsy proven benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) or prostate cancer (PCa). Serum was analyzed for hK2, PSA and fPSA, and the ratios of fPSA/PSA and hK2/fPSA were calculated. Results: We found that mean hK2/fPSA ratios were significantly higher (P=0.01) in prostate cancer patients than in the BPH or control groups. Also the ratio hk2/fPSA gave the largest area under the curve (AUC:0.96) which was significantly larger than for fPSA/PSA (AUC:0.41) indicative of higher specificity. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the ratio of hK2/fPSA might be superior to the use of fPSA/PSA alone. The hK2 could be shown to enhance the early detection of prostate cancer; especially the ratio hK2/fPSA improves specificity and hence may reduce the number of negative biopsies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6929-6933
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• 2013

Background: Multiple etiologies have been hypothesized for prostate cancer, including genetic defects and infectious agents. A recently reported gamaretrovirus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) has been reported to be detected in prostate cancer. However, this virus has not been detected in similar groups of patients in other studies. Herein, we sought to detect XMRV in prostate cancers and benign controls in Sanandaj, west of Iran. Materials and Methods: In a case-control study, genomic DNA was extracted from formalin fixed and paraffin embedded prostate tissues from a total of 163 Iranian patients. We developed a conventional and a nested PCR assay using primers targeting to an env specific sequence of XMRV. PCR assays were carried out on 63 prostate cancers and 100 benign prostate hyperplasias. Results: Beta-actin sequences were successfully detected in the DNA extracts from all prostate tissues, confirming DNA extraction integrity. We did not detect XMRV in samples either from prostate cancers or benign prostate hyperplasias using XMRV specific primers. Conclusions: We conclude that in our population XMRV does not play a role in genesis of prostate cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5377-5383
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• 2015

Background: Participation is one of the major factors affecting the long-term success of population-based prostate cancer screening programs. The aim of this study was to explore strong factors linked to participation in prostate cancer screening among older Jordanian adults using the Health Belief Model (HBM). Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from Jordanian older adults, aged 40 years and over, who visited a comprehensive health care center within the Ministry of Health. A pilot test was conducted to investigate the internal consistency of the the Champion Health Belief Model Scale for prostate cancer screening and the clarity of survey questions. Sample characteristics and rates of participation in prostate cancer screening were examined using means and frequencies. Important factors associated with participation in prostate cancer screening were examined using bivariate correlation and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: About 13% of the respondents had adhered to prostate cancer screening guidelines over the previous decade. Four out of the seven HBM-driven factors (perceived susceptibility, benefits and barriers to PSA test, and health motivation) were statistically significant. Those with greater levels of susceptibility, benefits of PSA test and health motivation and lower levels of barriers to PSA testing were more likely to participate in prostate cancer screening. Family history, presence of urinary symptoms, age, and knowledge about prostate cancer significantly predicted the participation in prostate cancer screening. Conclusions: Health professionals should focus more on the four modifiable HBMrelated factors to encourage older adults to participate in prostate cancer screening. Intervention programs, which lower perceived barriers to PSA testing and increase susceptibility, benefits of PSA testing and health motivation, should be developed and implemented.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.4779-4783
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• 2013

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the baseline white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil, eosinophil count, total prostate-specific antigen (TPSA), free PSA (FPSA) level, neutrophilto- lymphocyte and neutrophil-to-monocyte ratios among patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), as well as healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: 2005-2012 laboratory files of 160 patients with prostate cancer at Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Oncology Outpatient Clinic, 285 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with BPH in Urology Outpatient Clinic and 200 healthy individuals who were admitted to Internal Medicine Outpatient Clinic were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil, eosinophil count, TPSA, FPSA level, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio were recorded and compared across groups. Results: Patients with prostate cancer had a lower lymphocyte level compared to the patients with BPH and healthy controls (p<0.001). The mean monocyte count, leukocyte-to-monocyte ratio, and leukocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio were higher in patients with prostate cancer, but without significance. The mean WBC and leukocyte count were lower in patients with prostate cancer, but again without statistical significance (p=0.130). The mean TPSA and FPSA were 39.4 and 5.67, respectively in patients with prostate cancer, while they were 5.78 and 1.28 in patients with BPH. There was a significant difference in the mean TPSA and FPSA levels between the patient groups (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our study results showed that patients with prostate cancer had a lower level of lymphocytes, neutrophils and WBCs and a higher level of monocytes with a significant difference in lymphocyte count, compared to healthy controls. We suggest that lymphocyte count may be used in combination with other parameters in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, thanks to its ease of assessment.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.865-871
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 전립선 초음파 영상에서 형태학적 특징을 이용하여 전립선 영역을 검출하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법의 첫 단계에서는 전립선 영역의 상단 경계선을 추출한다. 초음파 촬영으로 획득한 영상에서 히스토그램 정보를 이용해 명암대비를 조정하여 전립선 영역의 상단 경계선을 검출하기 위한 기준 객체들을 추출하고, 기준 객체들의 하단 경계선을 Monotone cubic spline 보간법을 적용하여 상단 경계선을 추출한다. 두 번째 단계에서는 전립선 초음파 영상에서 추출한 상단 경계선보다 아래에 위치한 영역에 대해 오츠 이진화를 적용하여 전립선 하단 경계선을 추출한다. 마지막으로 전립선 상단 경계선과 하단 경계선을 연결하여 전립선 영역을 추출한다. 수동으로 측정한 전립선 영역과 비교 분석한 결과, 전립선 초음파 영상이 갖는 형태학적 특징을 이용한 방법으로 전립선 영역을 추출할 수 있는 것을 확인하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.8699-8703
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• 2014

18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography ($^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT) scans are commonly used for the staging and restaging of various malignancies, such as head and neck, breast, colorectal and gynecological cancers. However, the value of FDG PET/CT for detecting prostate cancer is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of incidental prostate $^{18}F$-FDG uptake on PET/CT scans. We reviewed $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT scan reports from September 2009 to September 2013, and selected cases that reported focal/diffuse FDG uptake in the prostate. We analyzed the correlation between $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT scan findings and data collected during evaluations such as serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), and/or biopsy to confirm prostate cancer. Of a total of 18,393 cases, 106 (0.6%) exhibited abnormal hypermetabolism in the prostate. Additional evaluations were performed in 66 patients. Serum PSA levels were not significantly correlated with maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) in all patients (rho 0.483, p=0.132). Prostate biopsies were performed in 15 patients, and prostate cancer was confirmed in 11. The median serum PSA level was 4.8 (0.55-7.06) ng/mL and 127.4 (1.06-495) ng/mL in the benign and prostate cancer groups, respectively. The median SUVmax was higher in the prostate cancer group (mean 10.1, range 3.8-24.5) than in the benign group (mean 4.3, range 3.1-8.8), but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.078). There was no significant correlation between SUVmax and serum PSA, prostatic volume, or Gleason score. $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT scans did not reliably differentiate malignant or benign from abnormal uptake lesions in the prostate, and routine prostate biopsy was not usually recommended in patients with abnormal FDG uptake. Nevertheless, patients with incidental prostate uptake on $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT scans should not be ignored and should be undergo further clinical evaluations, such as PSA and DRE.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.239-243
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• 2010

전립선암을 조기진단하기 위한 선별검사로 혈청 전립선특이항원(serum prostate-specific antigen)과 경직장초음파검사(transrectal ultrasonography)가 널리 쓰이고 있으나 어느 한 가지 방법만으로는 진단적 정확성을 갖지 못하여 상호보완적으로 진단이 이루어지고 있다. 이 연구에서는 혈청 전립선특이항원과 경직장초음파검사에 의해 측정된 전립선용적과의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구의 대상은 2008년 01월부터 2008년 12월까지 D대학병원 영상의학과에서 경직장초음파 검사를 시행한 환자들이다. 총 418명의 성인남성 중 전립선암으로 확진된 13명을 제외한 405명을 대상으로 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 전립선용적과 혈청 전립선특이항원은 연령이 증가함에 따라 함께 증가하는 것으로 나타났으나, 40대의 혈청 전립선특이항원 수치는 다른 연령집단에 비해 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 연령과 전립선용적, 혈청 전립선특이항원은 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 전립선용적과 혈청 전립선특이항원도 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 정리해보면 연령과 전립선용적은 혈청 전립선특이항원의 변화에 관여하였으며, 특히 전립선용적은 연령보다 혈청 전립선특이항원 상승과 더 높은 연관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 혈청 전립선 특이항원이 상승된 성인 남자의 평가에서 전립선용적이 중요하게 고려되어야 한다는 것을 시사하며, 경직장초음파검사는 전립선암을 진단하는 훌륭한 보조수단으로써 보다 적극적으로 경직장초음파검사를 활용한다면 전립선암을 조기에 진단하고 적절한 치료를 시행하는데 많은 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각되어진다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2375-2378
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• 2015

Background: The effects of diet on epidemiology of prostate cancer are inconclusive. Therefore a hospitalbased, case-control study was conducted in a rural population of Faisalabad, Pakistan, to examine the impact of dietary factors on risk of cancer development. Materials and Methods: This study was based on 102 confirmed cases of prostate cancer and 204 normal controls. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for odds ratios to evaluate the relationship between prostate cancer and diet. Results: Consumption of red meat and fat items significantly increased the prostate cancer risk having odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 3.41; 1.46-7.96 and 2.45; 1.17-5.15, respectively. On the other hand, more consumption of vegetables, fluid intake and fruit significantly decreased the prostate cancer risk (odd ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals of 0.21; 0.10-0.44, 0.10; 0.05- 0.19 and 0.09; 0.03- 0.23, respectively. Conclusions: The present study supports the hypothesis that frequent consumption of red meat and fat items may increase prostate cancer risk while more intake of fruit, vegetables and fluid intake may protect against prostate cancer in the relatively low risk group in rural Pakistan.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3897-3901
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• 2013

Background: Optimal treatment for prostate cancer remains a challenge worldwide. Recently, T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) has been implicated in tumor biology but its contribution prostate cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TIM-3 as a prognostic marker in patients with prostate cancer. Methods: TIM-3 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting in 137 prostate cancer tumor samples and paired adjacent benign tissue. We also performed cell proliferation assays using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl- 2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cell invasion assays. The effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of TIM-3 (TIM-3 siRNA) in two human prostate cancer cell lines were also evaluated. Results: TIM-3 expression was higher in prostate cancer tissue than in the adjacent benign tissue (P<0.001). High TIM-3 expression was an independent predictor of both recurrence-free survival and progression-free survival. TIM-3 protein was expressed in both prostate cancer cell lines and knockdown suppressed their proliferation and invasion capacity. Conclusions: TIM-3 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Taken together, our resutlts indicate that TIM-3 is a potential prognostic marker in prostate cancer.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of metabolic syndrome (MS) on the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), prostate specific antigen (PSA), and prostate volume in Korean men. We analyzed the data from 2654 men over the age of 40 who visited our health promotion center for regular health checkups. Of the total 2654 men, mean age, PSA level, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and prostate volume were 54.6 years, 1.21ng/ml, 6.2 points, and 27.8ml, respectively. All examinees were divided into MS group (46.5%, 1235 men) and non-MS group (53.5%, 1419). Age and prostate volume were significantly higher in the MS group. The patients were divided into three groups according to their ages: 40's, 50's, and over 60 years old. Prostate volume of the MS group in the younger age groups (40-49 years and 50-59 years) was significantly larger than that of the non-MS group. However, no difference was revealed in the age group of 60-69 years. No significant differences were found in the PSA level and LUTS between the MS and non-MS groups. In the multivariate regression analysis, central obesity was the strongest risk factor for the enlargement of prostate over 30ml among the metabolic components.