• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.168-171
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• 2003

The study was conducted to investigate the antioxidative effect of various extracted propolis. After addition of those extracts to soybean oil at the same level, their antioxidative effects were compared by Rancimat test. The control without added antioxidant showed the shortest Antioxidative Index(AI). The AI of the general Water Extracted Propolis(GWEP) and boiling WEP(BWEP) added to soybean oil were 4.51 and 5.02, respectively. The oxidation period in the BWEP was longer than the ascorbic acid and the GWEP. This result indicated that BWEP had more antioxidative effect than GWEP.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.276-285
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine and Propolis as pulpotomy medicaments in primary dentition, both clinically and radiographically. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 healthy 3 to 10 yr old children each having at least one carious primary molar tooth were selected. Random assignment of the pulpotomy medicaments was done as follows: Group I, MTA; Group II, Biodentine; Group III, Propolis. All the pulpotomized teeth were evaluated at 3, 6, and 9 mon clinically and radiographically, based on the scoring criteria system. Results: The clinical success rates were found to be similar among the three groups at 3 and 6 mon where as a significant decrease in success rate was observed in Group III (84%) compared to both Group I (100%) and Group II (100%) at 9 mon. Radiographic success rates over a period of 9 mon in Groups I, II, and III were 92, 80, and 72%, respectively. Conclusions: Teeth treated with MTA and Biodentine showed more favorable clinical and radiographic success as compared to Propolis at 9 mon follow-up.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.87-95
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• 2012

Anti-neurodegenerative activities of aqueous extract from propolis were investigated. The aqueous extracts showed strong antioxidant activities in malondialdehyde (MDA) assay, and it effectively inhibited lipid peroxidation. In addition, the aqueous extract presented protective effects against $H_2O_2-induced$ neurotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Our study verified that the aqueous extract has strong antioxidant activity and neuronal cell protective effect which is correlated with its total phenolics (290.75 mg GAE/g) including p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid and gallic acid. These phenolics of propolis may reduce the risk of neurodegenerative disorders, and can be utilized as effective and safe resources of functional food.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

The scavenging effects of four extracts on the DPPH radical were increased with increasing amount of extract. However, these effects were not statistically significant. The reducing power of the extracts is increased as the amount of extract is increased. To compare reducing powers of various solvent extracts, 50% ethanol extract showed the highest reducing power. The various solvent extracts were also capable of scavenging nitrite in a manner dependent on concentration. They exhibited scavenging effects 90% on nitrite at the dose 500 p.g of water extract from propolis. The propolis extract significantly inhibited all the microorganisms tested, showing the largest inhibitory zone for Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. The 70% ethanol extract from propolis exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on A549. The inhibitory effect of four extracts showed in that order 70% ethanol extract>95% ethanol extract>water extract>50% ethanol extract.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.209-213
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• 2012

The propolis was collected from the whole part of Korea Peninsula, such as central, southern, and Jeju island, to analyze the general composition including total flavonoid and phenolic contents, heavy metals, colors, amino acids, and crude lipid. The total flavonoid and phenolic contents of middle region in Korea Peninsula (4.26% and 13.06 g/100 g gallic acid) were higher than southern region (2.53%, 10.9 g/100 g gallic acid) and Jeju island (0.03%, 7.22g/100 g gallic acid), respectively. The heavy metals contents showed that Zn contents were found in $0.44{\pm}0.2ppm$ and a harmful heavy metal such as Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, As, and Hg were not detected at all in our experiment. The colors of extracted propolis showed a various spectrum from yellow to red purple. Various amino acids were also detected as proline, valine, methionine and the average crude lipid contents of propolis were 42.4%. All data collected in South Korea were very first executed in our institution for the purposes of utilizing and developing the industrial insects, honeybees as well as silkworm.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.694-700
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• 2007

It is a gel type high functional toothpaste containing vitamin C, E, propolis extract and the rest of herb with a nanoemulsion state. Vitamin C, E is known as the material with an eminent anti-oxidation effect. Propolis is known as the material with an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect. We have been succeeding in making nanoemulsion of vitamin C, E and propolis through the high pressure homogenizer using stable oil and lecithin and the gel type high functional tooth paste were made from nanoemulsion of vitamin C, E and propolis. We observed the process of wound protecting effect and cure effect for a wound of soft tissue, gingival tissue and mucous membrane showing ulcer and inflammation in oral cavity after applying a gel type high functional toothpaste to patient. As a result, the wound were healed very fast and any side effects were not shown. We confirmed that a gel type high functional toothpaste with nanoemulsion of vitamin C, E and propolis extract has good effect not only for wound healing but also for treatment of ulcer-like lesion in oral cavity. So we report our cases with review of literatures.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.622-626
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• 1994

Propolis was extracted by several organic solvents, and the antioxidative effect of the extracts on palm oil and lard was tested with the extract solely or combined with some synergists, using the Rancimat Method. The extraction yields of propolis by each solvent were 68.1% (75% ethanol), 75.5% (99% ethanol), 67.4% (methanol;, 86.7% (chloroform), 72.6% (ethyl acetate) and 65.6% (butanol). AI (Antioxidative Index; induction p-eriod of oil containing antioxidant/induction period of natural oil) of the methanol extract was highest, and more effective on lard than palm oil. The ethyl acetate fraction of 75% ethanol extract showed higher antioxidative effect than 75% ethanol extract, and obtained the highest antioxidative effect on palm oil with ascorbic acid as synergist and lard with ${\dalta}-toocopherol$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Sericultural Science Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.126-127
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• 2003

This study was investigated total flavonoid and phenolic contents, heavy metals, et al. fer standardization on the south Korean propolis. The propolis collected from the whole part of South Korea, such as central, southern and Jeju island. (omitted)

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.554-558
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• 1999

The effects of ethanolic extract (EEP) of propolis on chronic inflammation were evaluated using rat adjuvant arthritis. In the chronic inflammatory animal model, the arthritis index was suppressed by EEP treatments (50 mg/kg/day and 100 gm/kg/day, p.o.). Moreover, physical weakness, induced by the chronic disease state, was dose-dependently improved in the EEP-treated groups. It s analgesic effect, assessed using the tail-flick test, was comparable to prednisolone (2.5 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and acetyl salicylic acid (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.). In carrageenan rat hind paw edema, which was conducted to test the effects of subfractions of EEP, the petroleum ether sub-fraction (100 mg/kg, p.o.) showed an inhibitor effect on the paw edema whereas EEP (200 mg/kg, p.o.) showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect at 3 and 4 hrs after carrageenan injection. From these results, we conclude that the ethanolic extract of propolis had a profound anti-inflammatory effects on both chronic and acute inflammations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.501-505
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• 2003

In order to use as a new functional food material, chemical components of propolis and its extracts were surveyed. The contents of crude fat, nitrogen free extract, crude protein, ash and crude fiber in propolis were 86.41%, 7.32%, 2.71%, 1.05% and 0.20%, respectively. The mineral contents were in the order of Na (120.40 mg%), Ca (115.40 mg%), K (105.87 mg%) and Ca were higher in water extract than alcohol extract. Free sugars were composed of sucrose 152 mg%, glucose 114 mg% and fructose 6 mg%. The major amino acids of propolis were lysine 395.29 mg%, cystine 267.66 mg% and glutamic acid 248.14 mg%, respectively. Eight fatty acids in propolis were identified and the major fatty acids were oleic acid (51.89%), myristic acid (20.86%) and palmitic acid (20.28%). Myricetin, quercetin, apigenin and kaempferol were shown as major flavonols and total flavonol contents were higher in 50% ethanol extract than any other extracts. Major Polyphenol compounds in four kinds of extracts were gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin and epicatechin gallate.