• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.3C
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• pp.398-407
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• 2004

In this paper, a blind watermarking method which is suitable to the video compression using 2-D discrete wavelet transform was proposed and implemented into the hardware using VHDL(VHSIC Hardware Description Language). The goal of the proposed watermarking algorithm is the authentication about the manipulation of the watermark embedded image and the detection of the error positions. Considering the compressed video image, the proposed watermarking scheme is unrelated to the quantization and is able to concurrently embed or extract the watermark. We experimentally verified that the lowest frequency subband(LL4) is not sensitive to the change in the spatial domain, so LL4 subband was selected for the mark space. And the combination of the bitplanes which has the properties of both the minimum degradation of the image and the robustness was chosen as the embedded Point in the mark space in LL4 subband. Since we know the watermark embedded positions and the watermark is embedded by not varying the value but changing the value, the watermark can be extracted without the original image. Also, for the security when exposing the watermark embedded position, we embed the encrypted watermark by the block cipher. The proposed watermark algorithm shows the robustness against the general image manipulation and is easily transplanted into the image or video compressor with the minimal changing in the structure. The designed hardware has 4037 LABs(24％) and 85 ESBs(3％) in APEX20KC EP20K400CF672C7 FPGA of Altera and stably operates in 82MHz clock frequency.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.46
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• pp.245-279
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• 2009

UCC, an abbreviation for User Created Contents, is not only a symbol of desire but also a product of creativity that a producer contains his or her subjective disposition. More and more UCC tend to have significantly increased in Web 2.0 environment. However, the research on the contents as a creative product has rarely been processed. It may be fairly said that this results in the indifference of researchers in the special field like the political contents since UCC is usually produced by amateurs. Producers' various desire is unlikely revealed, which leads to the flow of users into open media such as the Internet. It could also be available to represent the property, of plural visual language signs in a field. Moreover, UCC has the attribute of re-mediation in effective communication, so the differences between the semiotic properties in the Internet contents could be a significant material for researches. This could contribute to establish a theoretical system for the visual communication. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the signification of the political video UCC, . To develop this analysis, I apply Greimas' Generative Trajectory of Signification Theory to the text, or the UCC. He classifies it as three structures: deep structure, superficial structure, and discourse structure. As a result, the text shows meaningful contents delivering core political messages. In addition, this approach could exam that 'Obama Syndrome' in American recent presidential campaigns is caused by web 2.0 based on Internet campaigns including video UCC.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.203-215
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• 1999

Recently with the rapid development of data communication products and service industry, the system on behalf of users for multimedia services such as VoD(Video on Demand), Teleshopping are at the height of development, However, if the new style products and services do not conform to the international standard, the products will come to lose the competitive power in the market. Therefore, it is essential to have conformance testing considered the properties of related protocol for the interoperability of the products and services. As a systematic and efficient conformance testing method of new products in respect of the main protocol of DAVIC(Digital Audio Visual Council) standard, this paper presents the protocol test methodology and architecture ; a single protocol stack an the related protocol stacks testing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.433-436
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• 2012

Today due to the development of technology, 3D graphics have become an essential element of the game graphic. When game companies create a game using 3D graphics, game users can enjoy a better game graphics like photo-realistic live action than 2D game graphics. And because the game companies have many advantages in creating games which are easy to deal with many basic effects and special effects, in video game business field, 3D game have become the mainstream. This paper will inquire the characteristics of 2D spline which is basic to various kinds of 3D modeling necessary to making 3D game graphics, compare and analyze the merits and demerits of each kind of spline and find out its development history.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.229-231
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• 2017

Today, one of the most important reasons that PBR(Physical Based Rendering) softwares becomes a core part of the essential tools in the video game mateiral field is that they can save time to produce realistic materials and can produce better effects than traditional material making methods. This paper will compare and analyze the characteristics, and merits and demerits of these various kinds of PBR softwares(MARI, QUIXEL, Substace designer), and showed the result of analyses about the fact that educating which of the above three PBR software is helpful and beneficial for the students for the efficient education in the university where should teach much in the limited time.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.1869-1882
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• 1998

In this paper, we investigae convergence behaviors of a differential method for 2-D motion parameter estimation. While the differential method is widely studied for motion compensated prediction in video coding, little attention hs been paid to its convergence properties. Based on the nonseparable exponential covariance image model, we derive the estimates of update terms for the 2- and 6-parameter motion models. And, the effect of noise, spatial correlation, choice of spatial gradient measures, andthe size of a region, are quantitatively anlyzed in relation to the convergence speed. Some empirical results are presented to verify the analysis.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.10C
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• pp.1051-1058
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• 2007

Digital Broadcasting Services get abroad from satellite services to terrestrial services and cable services. As broadcasting services become digital from analog, diverse services such as multi-channel, high quality, time-shift function and so on can be possible. It also generates new digital businesses. The Conditional Access System(CAS) is a technology for providing prevention of illegal access to digital contents. It was applied to digital satellite services at Europe and America from the beginning of 90's. In 2002, a domestic digital satellite service provider adopt a CAS system to their broadcasting services. DRM technologies protect intellectual properties and digital rights of digital contents. This paper suggests a design method to construct a CAS system with DRM which can be applied to a CAS for a small digital broadcasting service.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.16-21
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• 2000

Vector quantization(VQ) is widely used in many high-quality and high-rate data compression applications such as speech coding, audio coding, image coding and video coding. When the size of a VQ codebook is large, the computational complexity for the full codeword search method is a significant problem for many applications. A number of complexity reduction algorithms have been proposed and investigated using such properties of the codebook as the triangle inequality. This paper proposes a new fast VQ search algorithm that is based on a multi-stage structure for searching for the best codeword. Even using only two stages, a significant complexity reduction can be obtained without any loss of quality.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.1279-1284
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• 2009

With the advance of multimedia technology, multimedia sharing among multiple devices has become the main issue. This allows users to expect the peer-to-peer distribution of unprotected and protected contents over public network. Inevitably, this situation has caused an incredible piracy activity and Web sites have begun to provide copyrighted A/V data for free. In order to, protect the contents from illegal attacks and distribution, digital right management (DRM) is required. In this paper, we present the minimal cost scrambling scheme for securing the copyrighted multimedia using the data encryption standard (DES) encryption technique. Experimental results indicate that the proposed scrambling techniques achieve a very good compromise between several desirable properties such as speed, security, and file size.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2003

The controlled load service defined within the IETF's Integrated Services architecture for quality-of-service (QoS) in the Internet requires source nodes to regulate their traffic while the network, in combination with an admission control strategy, provides a guarantee of performance equivalent to that achieved in a lightly loaded network. Packets sent in violation of the traffic contract are marked so that the network may assign them a lower priority in the use of bandwidth and buffer resources. In this paper, we define the requirements of a scheduler serving packets belonging to the controlled load service and present a novel scheduler that exactly achieves these requirements. In this set of requirements, besides efficiency and throughput, we include an additional important requirement to bound the additional delay of unmarked packets caused due to the transmission of marked packets while dropping as few marked packets as possible. Without such a bound, unmarked packets that are in compliance with the traffic contract are not likely to experience delays consistent with that in al lightly loaded network. For any given desired bound ${\alpha}$ on this additional delay, we present the CL(${\alpha}$) scheduler which achieves the bound while also achieving a per-packet work complexity of O(1) with respect to the number of flows. We provide an analytical proof of these properties of the CL(${\alpha}$) scheduler, and we also verify this with simulation using real traces of video traffic. The scheduler presented here may be readily adapted for use in scheduling flows with multi-level priorities such as in some real-time video streams, as well as in other emerging service models of the Internet that mark packets to identify drop precedences.