• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.11c
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• pp.461-464
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 생체 임피던스를 이용하여 3채널 상지(upper arm) 운동 분석 시스템을 제작하였다. 각 채널은 상지의 외전(supination)과 내전(pronation), 팔꿈치(elbow)의 폄과 굽힘, 손목(wrist)의 평과 굽힘에 따른 각 관절의 임피던스 변화를 얻을 수 있도록 설계되었다. 상체 임피던스는 전극의 부착위치에 의존하므로 정밀한 감지를 위해 상지 운동에 대한 임피던스의 변화와 각도계(goniometer)의 각도 변화와의 상관관계를 통하여 상관 관계가 높고, 변화량이 가장 크고 다른 관절의 움직임에 따른 영향이 최소인 곳을 찾아 이를 최적의 전극 위치로 정하였다. 그리고, 선정된 최적의 전극 위치에서 임피던스 변화를 얻어 상지 운동을 분석해 보았다. 최적의 전극 위치에서 손목과 팔꿈치의 각도 변화와 임피던스 변화의 상관 계수는 각각 0.94, -0.97로 아주 높은 상관 관계를 보였다. 또한 이전의 다른 연구에서 임피던스 방법으로 구현해 본적이 없는 팔의 회전(rotation)도 분석이 가능하였다. 이 시스템은 피검자의 동작에 거의 제한을 주지 않고, 가벼우며, 장시간 측정이 용이할 뿐만 아니라 시스템 구성이 영상 분석기에 비해서 단순하다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 방법은 재활과 생체역학, 로봇의 원격 제어, 그리고 가상 현실에서의 동작 구현 등에 활용 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.36-49
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the work postures and upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders(CTDs) in female medical insurance bill reviewers(n=448). This study included diagnosis for CTDs, anthropometry and job analysis (workstations and posture). The characteristics of subject were 33.6 years of average age and 8.7 years of average work duration. The results were as fallows. Ergonomic conditions of workstation were unsuitable compared with anthropometry result. The height of work surface(79.5 cm) and chair(43.0 cm)were high. work space was small, and legs space under the table was limited. Work postures were awkward compared with recommended neutral postures. Neck flexion($21.0-36.0^{\circ}$), elbow elevation, shoulder abduction ($46.0-47.0^{\circ}$). wrist radial and ulnar deviation, forearm supination and pronation, and wrist repeated motion(12.7-21.5 freq./min) were analyzed as hazardous risk factors by job analysis. The prevalence of CTDs was 32.8 % by medical diagnosis. The prevalence rate of CTDs in hazardous work posture group was significantly greater than safe work posture group both neck-shoulder (relative prevalence = 5.2, p<0.001) and wrist-hand (relative prevalence = 2.5, p<0.05).

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03b
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• pp.142-143
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• 2008

In the present work, high-speed video images of the ground take-off flight of a live butterfly were captured and their dynamic motions during the first full-stroke were analyzed. To capture the dynamic images of the take-off motion, the experimental setup consisted of a high-speed camera, a Xenon lamp as a light source and a transparent chamber of $15^W{\times}15^L{\times}17^H$ $cm^3$ in physical size. The ambient temperature and supplementary lighting devices were precisely controlled. The weight and wing span of the butterfly tested in this study was 104 mg and 63.14 mm, respectively. The ground take-off images were captured with 4000 fps with a spatial resolution of (1024${\times}$512) pixels. The period of the first full-stroke was 80.5ms and the flapping speed of downstroke was 2 times faster than that of upstroke. As a result, butterflies used the fling and near-clap motion to generate lifting force and an interesting take-off behavior of early pronation and downstroke was observed.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.309-315
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• 2014

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 6-week wrist resistance training on wrist torque control. Nineteen subjects were randomly assigned to either the wrist training group (n=9) or the control group (n=10). The training group performed wrist exercises for six directions (flexion, extension, pronation, supination, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation) while the control group did not. Testing for the isometric torque control error, one-repetition maximum (1-RM) strength, and isokinetic maximum torque (angular velocity of $60^{\circ}/s$ wrist movements) were conducted before and after six weeks of resistance training and after every two-week interval of training. The wrist training group showed significant decreases in isometric torque control error in all six directions after the 2-week resistance training, while the control group did not show significant increase or decrease. The training group showed significant increases in the maximum strength in all six directions assessed by 1-RM strength and isokinetic strength tests after the 4-week resistance training, while the control group did not show any statistically significant changes. This study shows that motor control ability significantly improves within the first two weeks of resistance training, while the wrist strength significantly improves within the first four weeks of resistance training in wrist training group compared to the control.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an immersive, virtual reality-based exercise program on range of motion and dexterity in the upper extremities of stroke patients. Methods: Fifteen patients with hemiparesis after stroke participated in this study. The participants participated in Rapael Semart GloveTM, an immersive, virtual reality-based exercise program, performed for 30 minutes-, 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The Rapael Smart GloveTM program and a Box and Block Test (BBT) were used to measure range of motion and to assess dexterity, respectively, pre-and post-intervention. Results: Range of motion in pronation and supination of the forearm and flexion, extension, and ulnar deviation of the wrist improved after the intervention. Dexterity measured by BBT also improved. However, range of motion in flexion and extension of the fingers and radial deviation of the wrist did not improve. Conclusion: This study presents the effects of an immersive, virtual reality-based exercise program on hand function. In the future, a study comparing an immersive, virtual reality- based exercise program to other upper-extremity interventions for stroke patients should be conducted. A study about the effects of an immersive virtual reality program on activities of daily living is also needed.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.131-135
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• 2020

Background: Resection of the radial head is a surgical indication for comminuted radial head fracture in which internal fixation is inaccessible. Some complications from the surgery can alter the function of the patient's elbow. The objective of this study was to assess functional outcome of the elbow after resection of the radial head. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study was performed with patients who underwent radial head resection between 2008 and 2018. Elbow function was assessed by the Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) for 11 patients comprising three women and eight men. The mean follow-up was 47.6 months. The mean age was 41±10.3 years. Results: Nine patients had a stable and painless elbow. The mean extension-flexion arc was 97.73°±16.03°. The mean values of pronation and supination were 76.8° and 74.5°, respectively. The mean MEPI score was 83.2 points, and restoration of overall function was achieved in 81% of the cases. Poor function was noted in one in 10 that presented with a terrible triad. Conclusions: Resection of the radial head restored elbow functionality at a rate of 81%, which was a good outcome for patients.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.485-489
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• 2000

A 23.5 kg179, 8 months olds non-spaycd female Rottweiler dog was submitted to the veterinary teaching animal hospitals Chonbuk: national university, for chronic bitten trauma on right foreleg with pain, lameness, and pronation. The patient fought with a neighboring dog about five months ago and had mild anorexia, depression, bolt normal walking at that time. CBC and blood chemical examination were in normal range. Physical examination resulted in the right foreleg with edema and interval rotation of carpal joint. Radiograph of the right carpus showed varus and subluxation. We finally diagnosed the patient as the growth deformity of distal radius and ulna caused by medial premature closure of distal radial physis. Osteotomy was performed fur reforming of the varus of the distal radius and ulna with 6-hole straight plate and six 3.5 mm screws. Panarthrodcsis of carpus was preformed for correcting subluxation using 6-hole T-shaped plate and four 3.5 mm screws with cortical onlay autograft and strengthened by two 3.5 mm screws and tension wire band in lateral aspect of the carpus. Follow-up radiographs after 16 weeds of the surgery showed complete coaptation of osteotomy sire of the radius and uIna. After 6 months of the procedurc, talc plate, screws and the wire were removed except 7-shaped plate and four screws fur arthrodesis. The patient was seen in normal forelimb and could walk and run without lameness after 7 months of the procedure.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.143-148
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• 2019

Although many patients who undergo bunion repair do well and have satisfactory results, a critical evaluation of these results shows the potential for improvement. Metatarsal deformity of the hallux valgus is a 3-dimensional deformity, including rotation in the coronal plane. Theoretically, it is important to understand the 3-dimensional displacement of the first metatarsal for correcting the deformities of valgus rotation in the frontal plane. Yet the current methods of metatarsal osteotomy principally attempt to correct the deformity in the transverse plane. The modified technique for the Lapidus procedure can be used in a variety of hallux valgus conditions and severities, and the early results suggest that a powerful correction can be maintained. In addition, efforts have been made to correct the 3-dimensional deformity by performing metatarsal shaft osteotomy. In the case of degenerative arthritis, first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis is a good option to correct the 3-dimensional deformation. Correction of the 3-dimensional deformity, including a rotational deformity in the frontal plane of the metatarsals, should be considered when selecting surgical treatment and is essential for achieving a good prognosis for patients with hallux valgus. This article reviews the classification and treatment of hallux valgus for correction of the 3-dimensional deformity.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.161-173
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the kinematic and kinetic differences between functional walking shoe(FWS) and general sports shoe(GSS). The subjects for this study were 4 male adults who had the walking pattern of rearfoot strike with normal feet. The movement of one lower leg was measured using force platform and 3 video cameras while the subjects walked at the velocity of 2/1.5 m/s. The findings of this study were as follows 1. The angle of lower leg-ground and angle of knee with FWS was greater than with GSS at the moment of strike the floor and the moment of second peak ground reaction force. The decreasing rate of angle of ankle was smaller in FWS from the strike phase to the second peak ground reaction force. These mean upright walking and round walking along the shoe surface. 2. The maximal Increased angle of Achilles tendon and the minimal decreased angle of rearfoot were smaller in FWS very significantly(p<0.001). Thus FWS prevent the excessive pronation of ankle and have good of rear-foot control. 3. The vortical ground reaction force and the rate of it to the BW were smaller in FWS statistically(p<0.001). The loading rate was smaller in FWS, too, and thess represent the reduction of load on ankle joint and prevention of injuries on it.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.151-160
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to know the muscle activation after sub-talar joint mobilition and active exercise, and the low leg muscle activity through the well-balanced interaction of ankle joint around muscle. Methods : For this study 61 experimental subjects are divided into 24 people of supination foot group, pronation foot group 17 people of, 20 people of control group through navicular drop test. Surface EMG was used in order to measure the muscle activities. following is the result of the data analysis about each experiment that has been carried on a week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks before, and even comparing with pre-experimental state. Results : In electromyogram study, the higher muscle activation there was before the experiment, the more muscle activation increase there was after the experiment in Tibialis Anterior, Peroneus Longus, Peroneus Brevis.(p<.05). Conclusion : This study shows the balanced activation of foot and ankle-around muscle. It shows that foot shape affects the balanced activation recovery of lower leg muscles.