• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.3973-3980
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• 2014

Prostate adenocarcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer related mortality in men but still limited knowledge is available about its associated functional SNPs including rs1042522 (Pro72Arg). The present study was undertaken to explore the association of this SNP with susceptibility to prostate adenocarcinoma along with its structural and functional impacts in the Pakistani population in a case-control study. Three-dimensional structure of human TP53 with Pro72Arg polymorphism was predicted through homology modeling, refined and validated for detailed structure-based assessment. We also carried out a HuGE review of the previous available data for this polymorphism. Different genetic models were used to evaluate the genotypes association with the increased risk of PCa (Allelic contrast: OR=0.0.34, 95%CI 0.24-0.50, p=0.000; GG vs CC: OR=0.17, 95%CI 0.08-0.38, p=0.000; Homozygous: OR=0.08, 95%CI 0.04-0.15, p=0.000; GC vs CC: OR=2.14, 95%CI 1.01-4.51, p=0.046; Recessive model: OR=0.10, 95%CI 0.05-0.18, p=0.000; Log Additive: OR=3.54, 95%CI 2.13-5.89, p=0.000) except the Dominant model (OR=0.77, 95%CI 0.39-1.52, p=0.46). Structure and functional analysis revealed that the SNP in the proline rich domain is responsible for interaction with HRMT1L2 and WWOX. In conclusion, it was observed that the Arg coding G allele is highly associated with increased risk of prostate adenocarcinoma in the Pakistani population (p=0.000).

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.433-441
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• 2003

A cDNA clone for a salicylic acid-induced gene in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) was isolated and characterized. The cabbage gene, designated Br-sil1 (for $\underline{B}$rassica $\underline{r}$apa $\underline{s}$alicylate-$\underline{i}$nduced $\underline{l}$lipase-like 1 gene), encodes a putative lipase that has the family II lipase motif GDSxxDxG around the active site serine. A database search showed that plant genomes have a large number of genes that contain the family II lipase motif. The lipase-like proteins include a myrosinase-associated protein, an anther-specific proline-rich protein APG, a pollen coat protein EXL, and an early nodule-specific protein. The Br-sil1 gene is strongly induced by salicylic acid and a non-host pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, that elicits a hypersensitive response in Chinese cabbage. Treatment of the cabbage leaves with BTH, methyl jasmonate, or ethephon showed that the Br-sil1 gene expression is induced by BTH, but not by methyl jasmonate or ethylene. This indicates that the cabbage gene is activated via a salicylic acid-dependent signaling pathway. An examination of the tissue-specific expression revealed that the induction of the Br-sil1 gene expression by BTH occurs in leaves and stems, but not in roots and flowers. Without the BTH treatment, however, the Br-sil1 gene is not expressed in any of the tissues that were examined.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.363-376
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• 2002

In order to establish the processing conditions for salt-fermented liquefaction of anchovy(Engrulis japonica), changes in the amino acid composition from oligopeptides during fermentation periods were analyzed. Experimental sample A: chopped whole anchovy, adding 20% water, heating at $50^{\circ}C$ for 9 hrs and then adding 10% NaCl. Sample B: chopped whole anchovy, adding 20% water, heating at $50^{\circ}C$ for 9 hrs and then adding 13% NaCl. Sample C: chopped whole anchovy adding 13% NaCl. Sample D: whole anchovy adding 17% NaCl. The total amino acids from oligopeptides in fermented liquefaction of anchovy increased in early fermentation period and reached highest level, and then they declined irregularly during fermentation. Their maximum amounts were just after heating at $50^{\circ}C$ for 9 hrs in sample A, after 15 days in sample B, and after 60 days in samples C and D. The fermented liquefaction of anchovy extracts were rich in glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, lysine and valine. However, the contents of most amino acids fluctuated by the experimental specimens and fermenting periods. Among them glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid which was occupied $0.6{\sim}27.7%$(average 24.0%) in the content of total amino acids from oligopeptides. The contribution of the amino acid composition from oligopeptides to extractive nitrogen was occupying average 20.8 and 17.5% in rapid- and low salt-fermented liquefaction(sample A, B and C) and traditional fermented liquefaction(sample D), respectively.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

This study was conducted to obtain hydrolysates with potent antioxidative activity from rockfish skin gelatin. Gelatin was extracted under high temperature/high pressure using a two-step enzymatic hydrolysis with commercial enzymes such as Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Neutrase, and Protamex. The second rockfish-skin gelatin hydrolysate (SRSGH) was prepared by further incubating the first gelatin hydrolysate (FRSGH), which had been hydrolyzed with Alcalase for 1-h (FRSGH-A1), with Flavourzyme for 2-h (SRSGH-F2). The second gelatin hydrolysate showed higher antioxidative activity of 3.72 as measured by a Metrohm Rancimat and superior angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibiting activity of 0.82 mg/mL. Compared with the gelatin, the relative proportion in SRSGH-F2 was markedly decreased in the 100-kDa peak, whereas it was increased in that less than 100-kDa. The amino acid composition of SRSGH-F2 was rich in glycine (25.9%), proline (10.8%), alanine (9.1%), and glutamic acid (9.1%). In contrast, it was poor in cystine (not detected), methionine (1.6%), tyrosine (0.4%), hydroxylysine (0.9%), and histidine (0.9%). In recent years, demand for natural functional foods has been increasing, and SRSGH-F2 can be used as a functional food ingredient in the food industries. However, further detailed studies on SRSGH-F2 with regard to its antioxidant activity in vivo and the various antioxidant mechanisms are needed.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.409-413
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• 2012

인돌리시딘(indolicidin)은 소의 호중구(bovine neutrophils)로 부터 분리된 13개의 아미노산 잔기로 이루어 지고, 트립토판(tryptophan)을 많이 함유한 항균 펩타이드(antimicrobial peptide)이다. 인돌리시딘은 강력한 항균활성과 더불어 mammalian cells에 대해 독성을 나타낸다. 본 연구에서는 인돌리시딘 보다 서열이 짧으며, 보다 증가된 원핵세포 선택성(박테리아세포에 대해 독성을 나타내지만 mammalian cells에 대해서는 독성을 나타내지 않음을 의미함)을 지닌 새로운 짧은 항균 펩타아드를 개발하기 위해, 몇 종의 인돌리시딘 유사체 펩타이드를 설계하고 합성하였다. 결과적으로, 인돌리시딘 보다 서열이 짧으며(10개의 아미노산 잔기로 이루어짐), 증가된 원핵세포선택성을 지닌 4종의 새로운 펩타이드(SI, SI-PA, SI-WF 및 SI-WL)를 개발하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 가장 높은 원핵세포선택성을 나타내는 인돌리시딘 유사체 펩타이드 SI의 항균활성에는 중앙부위에 위치하는 소수성 및 방향족 아미노산이 중요하며, 2군데의 프로린(proline) 잔기는 중요하지 않다는 것을 알았다. 인돌리시딘과 유사체 펩타이드에 대한 원핵세포 선택성은 SI>SI-PA>SI-WF>SI-WL>ID>SI-WA의 순서 이였다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 설계되고 합성한 4종의 인돌리시딘 유사체 펩타이드(SI, SI-PA, SI-WF 및 SI-WL)는 박테리아 감염의 치료제로서 개발될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.278-282
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• 2006

The powdered boil-dried oyster (C), the powdered smoke-dried oyster (OS-1) and the powdered smoke-dried oyster scrap (OS-2) were examined for their taste-active components, quality characteristics for potential utilization as a natural flavoring substance. The free amino acid level of OS-l and OS-2 were 395.6 mg/100 g and 551.5 mg/100 g, respectively, and that of betaine of OS-1 and OS-2 were 164.6 mg/100 g and 214.9 mg/100 g, respectively. The contents of inorganic ions were rich in Na, K, P, Ca and Mg in that order. Major free amino acids were taurine, glutamic acid, proline, alanine and glycine. The extract condition of the OS-1 and OS-2 the instant soup was the most appropriate at $98^{\circ}C$ for 1-5 min. The hot water extract of OS-1 and OS-2 with additives such as salt, sugar, pepper and onion powder had a good organoleptic qualities compared with the conventional flavoring substances in a local market. We conclude that powdered smoke-dried oyster and its scrap can be commercialized.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.449-457
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• 2021

The sleep-wake cycle is regulated by the alternating activity of sleep- and wake-promoting neurons. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) secretes 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin), promoting wakefulness. Melatonin secreted from the pineal gland also promotes wakefulness in rats. Our laboratory recently demonstrated that daily changes in nitric oxide (NO) production regulates a signaling pathway involving with-no-lysine kinase (WNK), Ste20-related proline alanine rich kinase (SPAK)/oxidative stress response kinase 1 (OSR1), and cation-chloride co-transporters (CCC) in rat DRN serotonergic neurons. This study was designed to investigate the effect of melatonin on NO-regulated WNK-SPAK/OSR1-CCC signaling in wake-inducing DRN neurons to elucidate the mechanism underlying melatonin's wake-promoting actions in rats. Ex vivo treatment of DRN slices with melatonin suppressed neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression and increased WNK4 expression without altering WNK1, 2, or 3. Melatonin increased phosphorylation of OSR1 and the expression of sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 (NKCC1), while potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) remained unchanged. Melatonin increased the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2, serotonin-synthesizing enzyme). The present study suggests that melatonin may promote its wakefulness by modulating NO-regulated WNK-SPAK/OSR1-KNCC1 signaling in rat DRN serotonergic neurons.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2022

Alfalfa is one of the most useful forage crops worldwide, containing a high level of amino acids that are essential to both human and animal health. However, amino acids and their concentrations may differ between plant parts. Hence, detecting amino acids in different plant parts would be useful in the development of diet supplements. The purpose of this study was to determine the amino acid content in alfalfa leaves, stems, and inflorescences using an amino acid analyzer. Asparagine and glutamic acid were the most abundant amino acids found in stems, leaves, and inflorescences than other amino acids. All parts of alfalfa had low concentrations of cysteine and methionine. All amino acids except asparagine were present in the highest concentration in leaves followed by inflorescences. Leaf had a rich amino acid content, namely asparagine, glutamic acid, leucine, proline, and lysine. However, the stem had a lower amino acid composition than the leaf or inflorescence. Overall, the data showed determining the amino acid content of forages provides a good approach to making animal feed with essential and specific amino acids and preventing excessive inclusion of amino acids.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2022

Cordyceps militaris, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, has multiple health-promoting effects. It is used as a herbal remedy and health food in Asian countries. Cultured mycelia are often used as a substitute for natural C. militaris. In the present study, the mycelia and fruiting bodies of artificially cultured C. militaris were analyzed using a metabolomics approach. The protein and crude fat contents of the mycelia were substantially higher than those of the fruiting bodies. The top three abundant amino acids in the mycelia were proline (3.9 g/100 g), aspartic acid (2.9 g/100 g), and glutamic acid (2.7 g/100 g). The carbohydrate content was similar in the fruiting bodies and mycelia. Analysis revealed that both the fruiting bodies and mycelia are rich in phenolic compounds and exhibit antioxidant activity. Further, six metabolites were significantly different between the mycelia and fruiting bodies. The levels of Ca, glucose, Mg, and Se were higher in the mycelia than in the fruiting bodies. In contrast, mannitol and Zn were more abundant in the fruiting bodies. The current study provides a comprehensive metabolic profile of the mycelia and fruiting bodies of artificially cultured C. militaris. Such an exercise is potentially important for understanding the metabolism of C. militaris and facilitating the use of cultured mycelia as a supplement to C. militaris fruiting bodies in traditional Chinese medicine.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2010

돼지를 이용한 이종간 장기이식은 인간 세포주를 감염시킬 수 있는 것으로 알려진 돼지 내인성 레트로바이러스의 존재로 인해 실제 적용에 어려움이 있다. PERV (Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus: PERV)-A와 PERV-B는 in vitro 상에서 인간 세포주와 돼지 세포주를 동시에 감염시킬 수 있으나 PERV-C는 단지 돼지 세포주만 감염시킬 수 있다. 또한 PERV-A와 PERV-B 또는 PERV-A와 PERV-C사이에 재조합이 일어나 새로운 위험한 바이러스가 출현할 가능성이 있다. 최초의 재조합 바이러스인 PERV-A14/220은 대부분 PERV-C의 유전자로 구성 되어있으며 수용체와 결합하는 부위만 PERV-A의 외막 유전자로 재조합이 되어 있는데 PERV-A보다 500배 이상 높은 감염가를 가진다. PERV-A14/220의 경우 PERV-A 외막 단백질 140 번째 아미노산과 PERV-C 외막 PRR (proline rich region) 부위가 높은 감염가에 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 막 융합에 관여하는 PERV-C의 세포질쪽 C-말단 부위 또한 재조합 바이러스의 높은 감염가에 관여하는지 알아보기 위해 PERV-A/C의 재조합 외막 당단백질을 가진 pseudotype 바이러스를 만들어 사람 세포주에서 감염가를 측정하였는데 PERV-A 보다 재조합 바이러스가 10배 이상 높은 감염가를 나타내었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 PERV-C의 C-말단 막당단백질에 존재하는 양친매성 부위가 재조합 바이러스의 높은 감염가에 관여한 것으로 판단된다.