• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2017

In this study we surveyed the preferences of consumer packaging for mini pot flower plants to improve the flower market application in Korea. The surveys were consisted of the consumers residing in Seoul metropolitan (221), Gyeonsang (70), Jeonla (29), Chungceong (19), Gangwon (7), other provinces (3). A total of 349 eligible respondents (male 173, female 176) were surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire asking on the general characteristics for residents, packaging material, packaging design, type of flower pot, degree of transparency, convenience, consumer's demand for packaging development, a significant point when purchasing the flower pot product. The collected date was analyzed using a chi-square (${\chi}^2$) statistical test in SPSS program. Most residents prefer for mini pot flower plants packed with packaging characteristics of plastic material (56.4%), packaging design of separated type (76.2%), angled type (62.5%), and transparency (48.6%). The other question results showed that major consumer's demand for mini pot flower plants is maintaining the freshness quality and stability structure for them. Transparency of packaging can also affect directly the preferences for purchasing the mini pot flower plants. The packaging structure with a proper shape design may protect the fresh mini pot flower plants from shock or any other damage during distribution. The results of this study help to provide consumer's demand for packaging development and to give the greatest advantages in terms of production and marketability of mini pot flower plants.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.117.2-117.2
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• 2011

Since Gratzel and co-workers developed a new type of solar cell based on the nanocrystalline TiO2 electrode, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted considerable attention on account of their high solar energy-to-conversion efficiencies (11%), their easy manufacturing process with low cost production compared to conventional p-n junction solar cells. The mechanism of DSSC is based on the injection of electrons from the photoexcited dye into the conduction band of nanocrystalline TiO2. The oxidized dye is reduced by the hole injection process from either the hole counter or electrolyte. Thus, the electronic structures, such as HOMO, LUMO, and HOMO-LUMO gap, of dye molecule in DSSC are deeply related to the electron transfer by photoexcitation and redox potential. To date, high performance and good stability of DSSC based on Ru-dyes as a photosensitizer had been widely addressed in the literatures. DSSC with Ru-bipyridyl complexes (N3 and N719), and the black ruthenium dye have achieved power conversion efficiencies up to 11.2% and 10.4%, respectively. However, the Ru-dyes are facing the problem of manufacturing costs and environmental issues. In order to obtain even cheaper photosensitizers for DSSC, metal-free organic photosensitizers are strongly desired. Metal-free organic dyes offer superior molar extinction coefficients, low cost, and a diversity of molecular structures, compared to conventional Ru-dyes. Recently, novel photosensitizers such as coumarin, merocyanine, cyanine, indoline, hemicyanine, triphenylamine, dialkylaniline, bis(dimethylfluorenyl)-aminophenyl, phenothiazine, tetrahydroquinoline, and carbazole based dyes have achieved solar-to-electrical power conversion efficiencies up to 5-9%. On the other hand, organic dye molecules have large ${\pi}$-conjugated planner structures which would bring out strong molecular stacking in their solid-state and poor solubility in their media. It was well known that the molecular stacking of organic dyes could reduce the electron transfer pathway in opto-electronic devices, significantly. In this paper, we have studied on synthesis and characterization of dendritic organic dyes with different number of electron acceptor/anchoring moieties in the end of dendrimer. The photovoltaic performances and the incident photon-to-current (IPCE) of these dyes were measured to evaluate the effects of the dendritic strucuture on the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2018

The quality and microbiological characteristics of various Mul-kimchi prepared with addition of 0.02, 0.05, and 0.1% (w/v) chlorella water extract (CWE) were investigated during fermentation for 7 days at $10^{\circ}C$. The addition of CWE powder stimulated the growth of lactic acid bacteria and considerably improved the acid production. After 6 days fermentation, titratable acidity of CWE Mul-kimchi was 0.16-0.19% and was higher than that (0.14%) of Mul-kimchi made without CWE. The lactic acid bacterial counts were increased rapidly in CWE Mul-kimchi during fermentation for 4 days. The sensory quality of Mul-kimchi added with 0.05-0.1% CWE powder lightly enhanced in taste and overall acceptability among the tested Mul-kimchis preparations. When CWE Mul-kimchi preparations fermented for 6 days were incubated at $4^{\circ}C$ for 15 days, their titratable acidities were continuously increased up to 0.21-0.26% but number of viable lactic acid bacteria were well maintained above $10^7CFU/g$ through storage period.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.466-473
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop a distilled soju with high quality and stable brewing technology by analyzing the changes of general components and volatile components in the production of distilled soju by the use of fermentation agent such as koji and nuruk. White rice flour was used as a main raw material. White koji, yellow koji, traditional nuruk, and improved nuruk were used as a fermentation agent respectively. Also, yellow koji, traditional nuruk, and improved nuruk were added at a certain ratio to prepare white koji. The distillate was prepared by vacuum distillation and the quality characteristics were compared and analyzed. When the fermentation agent was used alone, the alcohol content was higher in the order of white koji, improved nuruk, yellow koji, and traditional nuruk. The initial acidity was higher than that of other fermentation agents and the highest alcohol content was found to be helpful for stable brewing. The highest content of higher alcohol was found in the yellow koji mash, and ethyl acetate was the highest in the traditional nuruk. When the fermentation agents were mixed, there was no difference in the alcohol content between $1^{st}$ fermentation mash and $2^{nd}$ fermentation mash. On the other hand, the content of higher alcohol was increased with the increase of the input ratio of yellow koji, and it decreased with the increase of the ratio of traditional and improved nuruk. It is expected that it will be possible to manufacture various distilled soju with different flavor and aroma if the yellow koji and the traditional nuruk are appropriately used based on the white koji having excellent fermentation characteristics and it will be very helpful for improving the stability and quality of brewing.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.299-306
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• 2016

Body temperature (BT) monitoring in cattle could be used to early detect fever from infectious disease or physiological events. Various ways to measure BT have been applied at different locations on cattle including rectum, reticulum, milk, subcutis and ear canal. In other to evaluate the temperature stability and reliability of subcutaneous temperature (ST) in highly fluctuating field conditions for continuous BT monitoring, long term ST profiles were collected and analyzed from cattle in autumn/winter and summer season by surgically implanted thermo-logger devices. Purposes of this study were to assess ST in the field condition as a reference BT and to determine any location effect of implantation on ST profile. In results, ST profile in cattle showed a clear circadian rhythm with daily lowest at 05:00 to 07:00 AM and highest around midnight and rather stable temperature readings (mean${\pm}$standard deviation [SD], $37.1^{\circ}C$ to $37.36^{\circ}C{\pm}0.91^{\circ}C$ to $1.02^{\circ}C$). STs are $1.39^{\circ}C$ to $1.65^{\circ}C$ lower than the rectal temperature and sometimes showed an irregular temperature drop below the normal physiologic one: 19.4% or 36.4% of 54,192 readings were below $36.5^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$, respectively. Thus, for BT monitoring purposes in a fever-alarming-system, a correction algorithm is necessary to remove the influences of ambient temperature and animal resting behavior especially in winter time. One way to do this is simply discard outlier readings below $36.5^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$ resulting in a much improved mean${\pm}$SD of $37.6^{\circ}C{\pm}0.64^{\circ}C$ or $37.8^{\circ}C{\pm}0.55^{\circ}C$, respectively. For location the upper scapula region seems the most reliable and convenient site for implantation of a thermo-sensor tag in terms of relatively low influence by ambient temperature and easy insertion compared to lower scapula or lateral neck.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1191-1201
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical-nutritional parameters, oxidative stability and volatile profile of eggs and cakes made with eggs from laying hens fed with a dietary supplementation of extruded linseed. Methods: Two thousand ISA Warren laying hens were randomly divided into two groups: a control group was fed with a standard diet while the experimental group received the same diet supplemented with 7% of extruded linseed. The trial lasted 84 days, in which three samplings of laid eggs were performed. Samples of eggs and food systems arising from eggs were then analyzed in order to obtain information about β-carotene and total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, fatty acid profile, lipid oxidation, and volatile profile. Results: Linseed induced the increase of α-linolenic acid with consequent reduction of the ω-6/ω-3 ratio (4.3:1 in egg yolk); in addition to this, was evidenced the cholesterol reduction and the significant increase in total flavonoids and β-carotene, although no variations were detected in antioxidant capacity. Even in cooked products there was not only a direct effect of linseed in increasing α-linolenic acid, but also in inducing the reduction of cholesterol and its major oxidation product, 7-ketocholesterol. The dietary linseed integration was also shown to affect the volatile profile of baked products. Conclusion: Data confirmed that dietary supplementation with extruded linseed resulted in food products with interesting implications for human health. With regard to the volatile profile of baked products it would be necessary undertake further sensorial analysis in order to evaluate any variations on flavor and consumer acceptability.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.348-354
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• 2003

This study was conducted to confirm the availability of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics haying inhibitory effects to cancer cell line. Five lactic acid bacteria showing anti-cancer activity were compared by acid tolerance, bile tolerance, antibiotics resistance, milk fermentation, stability, and cell adherence activity to colon epithelial cell. The results obtained are as follows : In acid tolerance, all strains did not have a resistance below pH 3.0 and 3.5 except Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC3099. In antibiotics resistance, Lactococcus lactis and L. plantarum KCTC3099 were resistant to cotrimoxazol (128 mg/1), and Bifidobacterium adolescentis Maeil-K8 and B. infantis Maeil-K9 were resistant to doxycylin and gentamycin (4 mg/1). In case of cell adherence ability to Caco-2 cell, B. infantis Maeil-K9 was found to be superior to others as 3.1%, while the others were less than 0.5%. When the strains were cultured to milk base, viable counts of the strains tested increased more 1 log cycle than inoculation, but acid production was very low except L. plantarum KCTC3099. Also, L. plantarum KCTC3099, B. adolescentis Maeil-K8, and B. infantis Maeil-K9 were stable in fermented milk base during storage. In conclusion, L. plantarum KCTC3099 and B. infantis Maeil-K9 were confirmed to be superior for the availability as probiotics.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.453-469
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• 2019

The celadon jar with inscription of 'the Fourth Sunhwa Year' is an important chronology that shows the conditions of production of the early celadon due to the inscription on the bottom including its purpose, application, and the producer. This celadon jar has been restored several times in the past. However, concerns over the structural stability, such as the separation and level differences in the joined cracks, have risen because of the aging of the repair materials, which were subjected to various environmental changes over a long time. By examining the conditions of preservation, the major damage was identified as the '入' shaped crack on the front, the 'V' shaped restored part and the crack on its left side, and the 'J' shaped crack on the back side. In the past, the cracks were found to be joined using a refined lacquer containing camphor, drying oil, rosin, etc. mixed with soil powder. The joint line was repainted with the refined lacquer and covered with gold powder. The missing parts were restored with gypsum and colored with acrylic color. After that, the repair materials were aged and emergency treatment was performed at the National Museum of Korea in 1981. At that time, Cemedine C or Cemedine C mixed with microballoons was used for reinforcing the cracks. Conservation treatment focused on removing the past repair materials and reinforcing the physically fragile parts by joining and restoring them based on the examination of the preservation condition. in addition, the area around the restored part was colored for future exhibition.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.146-152
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• 2018

In this study, to improve the performance of asphalt mixtures for plastic deformation occurring mainly in Korea, complex modifiers were prepared by mixing powders and liquid type modifiers. The main constituents were powdery diatomaceous earth, mica and carbon black, and liquid type solid 70% SBR latex. The tensile strength ratios for the two asphalt mixtures used in the test were above 0.80 for the Ministry of Land Transportation (2017) asphalt mixture production and construction guidelines. The effects of increasing the tensile strength in the dry state was more than 14% when the composite modifier was added. The deformation rate per minute by the wheel tracking test load was an average of 0.07 to 0.147 for each mixture. The strain rate per minute was improved by the modifier, and the dynamic stability was improved by almost 100% from 295 to 590. In addition, the final settling was reduced from 11.38 mm to 9.57 mm. A plastic deformation test using the triaxial compression test showed that the amount of deformation entering the plastic deformation failure zone at the end of the second stage section and in the third stage plastic deformation section was 1.76 mm for the conventional mixture and 1.50 mm for the complex modifier mixture. The average slope of the complex modifier asphalt mixture mixed with the multi-functional modifier was 0.005 mm/sec. The plastic deformation rate is relatively small in the section where the road pavement exhibits stable common performance, i.e. the traffic load.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.731-739
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• 2017

As Additive Manufacturing (AM), so-called 3D printing technology, has become visualized, its potential for Mass-Customization, production costs and time savings has extended the scope of utilization to the architecture domain. Several cases that produced facilities, building elements and components using 3D printing technology have been announced mainly on the outside. There is also the development of foundation technologies including 3D printing-specific materials and equipment in Korea. As 3D printing technology in the architecture domain is currently in the early stages of adoption, realistic and systematic strategies are needed to advance it to the commercialization stages, considering the current circumstances of the industry. With this background, this study surveyed experts to investigate the status of the perception of 3D printing technology for adoption in domestic architecture industry. 3D printing technology is expected to be commercialized in areas of irregular-shape buildings and interior markets rather than general construction area. 3D printed products expected to be commercialized are limited to the level of building elements and the aesthetic factor is regarded as the most competitive factor. To enhance the possibility of the commercialization of 3D printed products, the 3D printing-specific construction method, related policies and systems are required along with the performance and stability of the materials and equipment.