• 제목/요약/키워드: production function

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콩팥에서 Erythropoietin 투여로 인한 HSP70의 발현 변화 (Expression of HSP70 Immunoreactivity in EPO Treated Rat Kidney)

  • 정주영;김진
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • 제37권3호
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    • pp.167-174
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    • 2007
  • Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)은 다양한 질병상태와 치명적인 열 손상에서 세포 및 조직을 보호하는데 중요한 역할을 하며, 또한 외부의 stress로부터 세포내 단백질의 파괴와 변화를 감소시키는 단백질로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 오랜 기간 동안 조혈기관의 치료제로 콩팥에서도 세포보호효과가 있는 것으로 알려진 Erythropoietin(EPO)을 투여하여 콩팥내의 HSP70의 발현변화를 세포수준에서 관찰하고자 하였다. Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐를 사용하여 전자현미경적 면역조직화학법으로 rHuEPO투여군과 대조군에서 HSP70의 발현변화를 관찰하였다. 대조군에서 HSP70은 콩팥의 바깥수질과 속수질에서 관찰되었으며, 특히 속수질에서 강하게 발현되었고 그 부위는 속수질집합관세포와 헨레고리의 내림가는 부분이었다. EPO 투여군에서는 속수질과 바깥수질의 내림가는 부분에서는 발현변화가 관찰되지 않았으나, 바깥수질의 집합관 세포에서 발현이 급격히 증가함을 관찰되었다. 특히 대조군에서의 핵주변부위뿐 아니라 세포내 핵상부분을 비롯한 세포막주변부위에도 강한 면역 염색성을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 콩팥의 바깥수질에서 stress성 단백질인 HSP70의 조절기전이 EPO에 의해 매개됨을 보여주면, 세포 stress및 질병상태에서도 이러한 기전이 작용할 것으로 생각된다.

Surface-modified Nanoparticle Additives for Wear Resistant Water-based Coatings for Galvanized Steel Plates

  • Becker-Willinger, Carsten;Heppe, Gisela;Opsoelder, Michael;Veith, H.C. Michael;Cho, Jae-Dong;Lee, Jae-Ryung
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.147-152
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    • 2010
  • Conventional paints for conversion coating applications in steel production derived mainly from water-based polymer dispersions containing several additives actually show good general performance, but suffer from poor scratch and abrasion resistance during use. The reason for this is because the relatively soft organic binder matrix dominates the mechanical surface properties. In order to maintain the high quality and decorative function of coated steel sheets, the mechanical performance of the surface needs to be improved significantly. In fact the wear resistance should be enhanced without affecting the optical appearance of the coatings by using appropriate nanoparticulate additives. In this direction, nanocomposite coating compositions (Nanomer$^{(R)}$) have been derived from water-based polymer dispersions with an increasing amount of surface-modified nanoparticles in aqueous dispersion in order to monitor the effect of degree of filling with rigid nanoparticles. The surface of nanoparticles has been modified for optimum compatibility with the polymer matrix in order to achieve homogeneous nanoparticle dispersion over the matrix. This approach has been extended in such a way that a more expanded hybrid network has been condensed on the nanoparticle surface by a hydrolytic condensation reaction in addition to the quasi-monolayer type small molecular surface modification. It was expected that this additional modification will lead to more intensive cross-linking in coating systems resulting in further improved scratch-resistance compared to simple addition of nanoparticles with quasi-monolayer surface modification. The resulting compositions have been coated on zinc-galvanized steel and cured. The wear resistance and the corrosion protection of the modified coating systems have been tested in dependence on the compositional change, the type of surface modification as well as the mixing conditions with different shear forces. It has been found out that for loading levels up to 50 wt.-% nanoparticles, the mechanical wear resistance remains almost unaffected compared to the unmodified resin. In addition, the corrosion resistance remained unaffected even after $180^{\circ}$ bending test showing that the flexibility of coating was not decreased by nanoparticle addition. Electron microscopy showed that the inorganic nanoparticles do not penetrate into the organic resin droplets during the mixing process but rather formed agglomerates outside the polymer droplet phase resulting in quite moderate cross linking while curing, because of viscosity. The proposed mechanisms of composite formation and cross linking could explain the poor effect regarding improvement of mechanical wear resistance and help to set up new synthesis strategies for improved nanocomposite morphologies, which should provide increased wear resistance.

구개봉합술 후 발생한 구비강누공의 폐쇄 후 말소리 결과 : 증례보고 (Speech Outcome after Closure of Oronasal Fistula Following Cleft Palate Repair: A report of a case)

  • 서민교;김다와;김은주;윤보근;김성일;임대호;고승오;문승영;김현기;신효근
    • 대한구순구개열학회지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2009
  • Oronasal fistula are a well-known complication of surgical treatment of cleft palate, occurring most frequently in the alveolus and hard palate. Previous reports have demonstrated that oronasal fistulas, particularly if greater than l cm in diameter, had an adverse effect on speech. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between the size of the fistula and the influence on velopharyngeal function. The site and size of the fistula were indicated on graph paper with calipers and measured in $mm^2$. Speech assessment was carried out using a Nasometer, VPI articulation differential test, spectrography. Patient whose fistulas affected their speech had significantly larger fistulas than those whose fistulas did not. The study shows that the larger the fistula, the greater the risk of hypernasality and nasal emission, but even small fistulas can cause speech problems. If obstruction of the nasal passage is eliminated in a patient with a previously asymptomatic fistula, it may result in a fistula becoming symptomatic, resulting in hypernasality and nasal emission. In conclusion, even small fistulas can influence speech production and should be considered before any treatment is planned. The study lends support to early closure of oronasal fistulas, particularly before pharyngeal flap surgery is contemplated.

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산수유 추출방법에 따른 항산화 기능 분석 (Antioxidative Activity of Cornus officianalis Extracts Obtained by Four Different Extraction Techniques)

  • 박은비;김혜선;신소연;지인해;김지현;김성구;유병홍;김병우;곽인석;김문무;정경태
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제22권11호
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    • pp.1507-1514
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    • 2012
  • 산수유는 다양한 생리적 기능을 가지는 것으로 보고되어 있으며 또한 최근에 관심의 증가로 산수유로부터 유효성분의 추출 방법 개발은 산업적으로 매우 중요하며, 유효성분의 존재 여부를 분석하는 것은 산업적 상품의 진위와 품질을 판정하는데 중요한 수단이 된다. 본 연구는 loganin을 지표 물질로 하여 산수유로부터 유효성분을 추출하는 여러 방법을 비교 분석하였으며, 각 방법에 따라 추출한 시료의 기능성의 차이를 항산화 작용으로 분석하였다. 산수유로부터 항산화 성분을 추출하기 위하여 네 가지 방법을 적용하였다. 추출된 유효성분 지표물질로 loganin의 함량을 HPLC로 분석하였을 때 열수를 사용한 추출 방법이 알코올 추출 또는 효소 처리 방법 보다 효율적인 결과를 보여 주었다. 각 추출 시료의 항산화 기능은 DPPH radical 소거능, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay, reducing power 측정으로 분석하였다. 추출 방법에 따라 항산화 기능이 차이가 있었으며, 열수 추출 시료가 DPPH radical 소거능과 hydrogen peroxide scavenging 효과가 우수하였고, 효소 처리 추출 시료는 reducing power가 우수하게 나타났다. 추출 방법에 따라 시료에 함유된 성분의 차이가 항산화 기능이 차이와 연관이 있다고 생각된다. 이 연구에서 얻은 결과는 산수유는 대조군으로 사용한 vitamin C에 준하는 항산화 성분을 함유하고 있으며, 이들 성분은 열수 추출 방법으로 효율적으로 추출되었으며, 열수 추출 방법은 산업적으로 응용될 수 있음을 제시하고 있다.

림프절 유래 fibroblastic reticular cell의 효율적 항원처리 관련성에 대한 연구 (Fibroblastic Reticular Cell Derived from Lymph Node Is Involved in the Assistance of Antigen Process)

  • 김민환;이종환
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제26권9호
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    • pp.1027-1032
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    • 2016
  • 항원은 병원체로부터 유래한 질병인자다. 생명체는 항원에 대항하는 방어계인 면역계를 가지고 있다. 항원은 식세포작용, 항체, 보체 활성화, NK세포 혹은 MHC 분자를 통한 세포독성 T세포와 같은 방법을 통해서 처리된다. 림프절은 스트로마세포와 3차원 네트워크를 통해서 구성되어 있다. Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC)는 림프절 T zone에서 T세포와 상호작용한다. FRC는 세포외 기질 생산과 homing 케모카인을 생산하여 감염에 대비한다. 하지만, FRC가 항원처리과정에 관련되어있다는 보고는 없다. 본 연구는 FRC의 항원처리 관련성에 대한 연구이다. 이를 위해 FRC는 대식세포, T세포, LPS, 그리고 TNFα와 같은 다양한 감염상황에 노출시켜 연구를 진행하였다. FRC가 대식세포 및 T세포와 공배양 했을 때 FRC가 형태적 변화와 FRC간 빈 공간 형성이 관찰 되었다. MMP 활성은 Y27632와 T세포에 의해 조절 되었다. 더욱이, 염증물질인 TNFα를 FRC에 처리 후 마이크로어레이를 통한 결과에서 부착분자와 MHC I antigen transporter의 발현을 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. FRC 단일층에 LPS와 대식 세포를 공배양 했을 때 NO 생성력이 크게 향상되었다. GFP antigen을 FRC와 대식세포 공배양군에 처리 했을 때 항원 흡수율이 증가되었다. 이러 결과는 FRC가 항원처리에 관여하고 있다는 것을 의미하며 이는 림프절이 항원처리과정에 연관되어 있다는 것을 제시한다.

최근 반추위 미생물 군집의 응용기술을 이용한 사료효율 개선연구 (Recent Application Technologies of Rumen Microbiome Is the Key to Enhance Feed Fermentation)

  • 이스람 마푸줄;이상석
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제28권10호
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    • pp.1244-1253
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    • 2018
  • 반추위 속에는 박테리아, 고세균, 프로토조아, 곰팡이 및 바이러스와 같은 다양한 미생물들이 편성의 혐기조건에서 공생하고 있다. 사료의 발효에 중요한 역할을 하고 있는 반추위 미생물은 위내 발효과정에서 에너지 손실에 영향을 주는 메탄의 발생을 제외하면 에너지와 단백질 대사에 필수적인 다양한 휘발성 지방산을 생산한다. 반추위내 미생물의 이용효율을 개선시키기 위해 사료배합비조절, 천연사료첨가제, 생균제첨가 등의 다양한 접근방법들이 사용되고 있다. 최근에 반추위 군집에 대한 메타유전체 또는 메타전사체와 같은 차세대 유전체 해독기술 또는 차세대 시퀀싱 기술의 적용으로 반추위 미생물의 다양성 및 기능에 대한 이해가 크게 증가하였다. 특히 메타단백질체와 메타대사체는 반추위 생태계의 복잡한 미생물네트워크에 대한 더 깊은 통찰력을 제공할 뿐만 아니라, 다양한 반추가축용 사료에 대한 반응을 제공함으로서 생산효율을 개선시키는데 기여하였다. 본 논문에서는 반추위내 사료의 발효와 이용을 향상시키기 위한 메타오믹스 기술, 즉, 메타유전체, 메타전사체, 메타단백질체 및 메타대사체의 최신 응용기술을 요약하고자 한다.

The bifunctional effect of propofol on thromboxane agonist (U46619)-induced vasoconstriction in isolated human pulmonary artery

  • Hao, Ning;Wang, Zhaojun;Kuang, Sujuan;Zhang, Guangyan;Deng, Chunyu;Ma, Jue;Cui, Jianxiu
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제21권6호
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    • pp.591-598
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    • 2017
  • Propofol is known to cause vasorelaxation of several systemic vascular beds. However, its effect on the pulmonary vasculature remains controversial. In the present study, we investigated the effects of propofol on human pulmonary arteries obtained from patients who had undergone surgery. Arterial rings were mounted in a Multi-Myograph system for measurement of isometric forces. U46619 was used to induce sustained contraction of the intrapulmonary arteries, and propofol was then applied (in increments from $10-300{\mu}m$). Arteries denuded of endothelium, preincubated or not with indomethacin, were used to investigate the effects of propofol on isolated arteries. Propofol exhibited a bifunctional effect on isolated human pulmonary arteries contracted by U46619, evoking constriction at low concentrations ($10-100{\mu}m$) followed by secondary relaxation (at $100-300{\mu}m$). The extent of constriction induced by propofol was higher in an endothelium-denuded group than in an endothelium-intact group. Preincubation with indomethacin abolished constriction and potentiated relaxation. The maximal relaxation was greater in the endothelium-intact than the endothelium-denuded group. Propofol also suppressed $CaCl_2$-induced constriction in the 60 mM $K^+$-containing $Ca^{2+}$-free solution in a dose-dependent manner. Fluorescent imaging of $Ca^{2+}$ using fluo-4 showed that a 10 min incubation with propofol ($10-300{\mu}m$) inhibited the $Ca^{2+}$ influx into human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells induced by a 60 mM $K^+$-containing $Ca^{2+}$-free solution. In conclusion, propofol-induced arterial constriction appears to involve prostaglandin production by cyclooxygenase in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and the relaxation depends in part on endothelial function, principally on the inhibition of calcium influx through L-type voltage-operated calcium channels.

인천연안 간석지산 주요 저서생물의 성장과 생물생산 -I. 척전지역 간석지에 서식하는 맛조개, Solen (Solen) strictus의 성장- (Growth and Production of Macrobenthic Fauna on a Macrotidal Flat, Inchon, Korea -I. Growth of the Razor Clam, Solen (Solen) strictus (Bivalvia, Solenidae) from Chokchon Tidal Flat-)

  • 홍재상;박흥식
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제27권5호
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    • pp.549-559
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    • 1994
  • 1989년부터 1990년까지 인천시 남구 동춘동에 위치하는 척전 조간대 간석지에 서식하는 맛조개의 성장에 대해 조사하였다. 서시밀도는 $1m^2$당 평균 128개체이며, 윤문(輪紋)은 1년에 1회 생성되어 연령사정의 기준으로 이용 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 윤문의 형성 시기는 5월이며, 초륜(初輪) 형성시의 연령은 11개월로 판명되었다. 비만도의 증감에 의해 1989년도 인천 인근의 척전산 맛조개의 산란은 연 1회, 그 시기는 6월 중으로 밝혀졌으며, 정확한 시기는 수온의 영향에 따라 해마다 약간의 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 성장은 착저 후 1년 동안 평균 30.94 mm로 가장 높고, 연령이 증가할수록 감소하는데 4년이 되면 6.2 cm까지 성장한다. 한편, 성장식은 von Bertalanffy 성장 방정식에 의해 각장의 성장은 $L_{t}=81.865(1-e^{-0.320(t+0.487)})$, 체중의 성장은 $W_{t}=7.173(1-e^{-0.320(t+0.487)})^3$로 유도되었으며, 이때 극한 최대각장은 81.865 mm, 극한 최대체중은 7.713 g로 채집된 최대각장 및 최대체중인 72.5 mm와 7.713 g 보다 각각 9 mm와 1 g 높게 추정되었다.

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벼농사 신기술 전파와 농업교육 및 농촌지도의 연계 (Diffusion of New Technology on Rice Farming and Linkages between Agricultural Education and Extension)

  • 김성수;이용환;이변우
    • 농촌지도와개발
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.267-283
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    • 2003
  • The purposes of the study were to; 1) examine the diffusion and adoption of new agricultural technology in rice farming, 2) survey the status of agricultural education institutions on technology transfer, and 3) explore the linkages between agricultural education and extension for more effective reinforcement strategies to further the diffusion and adoption of new agricultural technology in Korea. Literature review, field survey and panel discussions were employed to strengthen the linkages among agricultural education, research and extension in Korea. As the results of analysis of the diffusion and adoption of new agricultural technology in rice farming following recommendations were offered; 1. Extension services have helped Korean farmers in achieving self-sufficiency in rice and year-round supply of green vegetables as well as upbringing rural youth, however, government changed the status of extension educators from central government staff to county/city government staff since 1997. This brought about various problems such as: decreased morale and number of extension educators, thus weakening the extension education function, weakened linkages between national and local extension offices, less opportunity for in-service education of extension educators, and weakened linkages between agricultural research and extension, etc. 2. In order to insure that extension educators are high caliber professional individuals, it is crucial to establish a system that nationally recognizes these individuals as such, and that provides a professional development path. It is important to restore the morale of extension educators to continually achieve the national goals of food production, balanced national development and preservation of environment, at the same time to meet increasing needs of farmers. 3. Because of the critical importance of diffusing innovations to agricultural producers in order to ensure quality and steady food supply, it is crucial that these issues be addressed before the extension service further deteriorates. Further research activities on agricultural extension should be conducted for more effective agricultural extension system in Korea to achieve a greater rural, national and regional development. 4. Research and implementation activities should be emphasized and encouraged to improve the cooperation and collaboration among agricultural education research and extension to better serve farmers' educational and information needs. National level research activities should be encouraged to improve the effectiveness of agricultural technology transfer including internet education programs for farmers in Korea.

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Valuation of ecosystem services in the organic carbon of the Pinus densiflora forest at Mt. Namsan, Seoul Metropolitan City

  • Lee, Eung-Pill;Lee, Soo-In;Jeong, Heon-Mo;Han, Young-Sub;Lee, Seung-Yeon;Park, Jae-Hoon;Jang, Rae-Ha;Hong, Youg-Sik;Jung, Young-Ho;Kim, Eui-Joo;Lee, Sang-Hun;You, Young-Han
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제43권4호
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    • pp.341-351
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    • 2019
  • Background: Standing biomass, litter production, rate of litter decomposition, amount of litter on forest floor, and amount of soil organic carbon distribution were investigated from March 2016 to November 2018 in order to evaluate the ecosystem value through organic carbon distribution in the Pinus densiflora forest at Namsan, Seoul Metropolitan City. Results: The amount of organic carbon in the Pinus densiflora forest was 261.09 ton C ha-1 during the research period, and fixed organic carbon in plant through net photosynthesis was 3.2 ton C ha-1 year-1. The organic carbon in plant was 62.77 ton C ha-1 (24.04%), in litter on the forest floor was 3.65 ton C ha-1 (1.40%), and in soil was 194.67 ton C ha-1 (74.56%). The value of plant, litter on forest floor, and soil organic carbon distribution were each 6,277,000 won ha-1, 365, 000 won ha-1, and 19,467,000 won ha-1. The value per ton of fixed organic carbon in plant through net photosynthesis was 320,000 won ha-1 year-1 and the value of ecosystem services stored in carbon in the Namsan forest ecosystem was about 26.1 million won ha-1 for 3 years. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the pine forests of Namsan rapidly decompose leaves due to the high atmospheric temperature and accumulate a large amount of organic carbon in the soil to provide climate control regulatory service function.