• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1520-1520
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• 2001

Food adulteration is a serious consumer fraud and a potentially dangerous practice. Regulatory authorities and food processors require a rapid, non-destructive test to accurately confirm authenticity in a range of food products and raw materials. Olive oil is prime target for adulteration either on the basis of the processing treatments used for its extraction (extra virgin vs virgin vs ordinary oil) or its geographical origin (e.g. Greek vs Italian vs Spanish). As part of an investigation into this problem, some preliminary work focused on the ability of near infrared spectroscopy to discriminate between virgin olive oils from separate regions of the Mediterranean i. e. Crete and the Peloponese. A total of 46 oils were collected: 18 originated in Crete and 28 in the Peloponese. Oils were stored in a temperature-controlled room at 2$0^{\circ}C$ prior to spectral collection at room temperature (15-18$^{\circ}C$). Samples (approximately 0.5$m\ell$) were placed in the centre of the quartz window in a camlock reflectance cell; the gold-plated baking plate was then gently placed into the cell against the glass so as to minimize the formation of air bubbles. The rear of the camlock cell was then screwed into place producing a sample thickness of 0.5mm. Spectra were recorded between 400 and 2498nm at 2nm intervals on a NIR Systems 6500 scanning monochromator. Spectral collection took place over 2-3 days. Data were analysed using both WINISI and The Unscrambler software to investigate the possibility of discriminating between the oils from Crete and the Peloponese. A number of data pre-treatments were used and discriminant models were developed using discriminant PLS (WINISI & Unscrambler) and SIMCA (Unscrambler). Despite the small number of samples involved, a satisfactory discrimination between these two oil types was achieved. Graphical examination of principal component scores for each oil type also holds out the possibility of separating oils from either Crete and the Peloponese on the basis of districts within each region. These preliminary data suggest the potential of near infrared spectroscopy to act as a screening technique for the confirmation of geographic origin of extra virgin olive oils. The sample presentation strategy adopted uses only small volumes of material and produces high quality spectra.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the processing of continuous queries over multiple data streams. When the arrival rates of tuples exceed the memory capacity of the system, a load shedding technique is used to avoid the system becoming overloaded by dropping some subset of input tuples. In this paper, we propose an effective load shedding algorithm for multi-way windowed joins over multiple data streams. Most previous load shedding algorithms estimate the productivity of each tuple, i.e., the number of join output tuples produced by the tuple, based on its "join attribute value" and drop tuples with the lowest productivity. However, the productivity of a tuple cannot be accurately estimated from its join attribute value when the join attribute values are unique and do not repeat, or the distribution of the join attribute values changes over time. For these cases, we estimate the productivity of a tuple based on its "arrival order" on data streams, rather than its join attribute value. The proposed method can effectively estimate the productivity of a tuple even when the productivity of a tuple cannot be accurately estimated from its join attribute value. Through extensive experiments and analysis, we show that our proposed method outperforms the previous methods in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.10
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• pp.193-228
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• 1983

The purposes of this study are; 1) to make a comparative analysis of the background factors helping the development of the library automation among Korea, Taiwan and Japan. 2) and on the basis of the analysis results, to make some suggestions on improving the variables which are likely to have influence on the library automation development. To accomplish the purpose of the study; 1) the use of computer and data communication technology for the library operations and the science policies among three countries were discussed as the background factors, 2) the pattern of library automation among three countries were presented, 3) the process of MARC development of three countries were compared with, 4) and three countries# information processing systems were discussed. The results of the study can be summarized as follows; 1) The a n.0, pplication of a computer into the library operations in Korea began much later than the other countries. 2) Korea has not have any independent department in the government organization taking charge of the policy making about the library automation in relation to the science policy. 3) Speaking of the national scientific and technological information center, JICST was founded in 1952, 국과회과중심 in 1958, and KORS TIC in 1962. 4) On the one hand, in both Taiwan and Japan, the circulation and acquisition systems tended to be first automated, on the other hand, in Korea the developments of MARC and bibliographies through the production of database were laid the emphasis. 5) The introduction and dissemination of LC MARC Tapes were implemented in Japan in 1972. Taiwan made various tests in the Tape in 1974. Korea planned to introduce and make tests on the Tape in 1983. 6) For the input system, Korea has developed KIPS series, 1,2,3. Chinas# 삼각호마법 and Japan#s 병음한자변환방식 have prospect to be prevalent. The following suggestions can be made from these results, 1) All the information infrastructures should be established in a desirable way. 2) The communication window for the information users is recommended to be set up. 3) The su n.0, pport for the physical environment such as library building, computer facilities, etc. should be provided. 4) The facilities necessary for the education of professionals in the library science department should be su n.0, pported. 5) A department of the government organization exclusively responsible for the development of library automation should be founded.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.12C no.1 s.97
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• pp.121-128
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• 2005

Tho existing TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) is known to be unsuitable for a network with the characteristics of high RDP(Bandwidth-Delay Product) because of the fixed small or large buffer size at the TCP sender and receiver. Thus, some trial cases of adjusting the buffer sizes automatically with respect to network condition have been proposed to improve the end-to-end TCP throughput. ATBT(Automatic TCP fluffer Tuning) attempts to assure the buffer size of TCP sender according to its current congestion window size but the ATBT assumes that the buffer size of TCP receiver is maximum value that operating system defines. In DRS(Dynamic Right Sizing), by estimating the TCP arrival data of two times the amount TCP data received previously, the TCP receiver simply reserves the buffer size for the next arrival, accordingly. However, we do not need to reserve exactly two times of buffer size because of the possibility of TCP segment loss. We propose an efficient TCP buffer tuning technique(called TBT-PLR: TCP buffer tuning algorithm based on packet loss ratio) since we adopt the ATBT mechanism and the TBT-PLR mechanism for the TCP sender and the TCP receiver, respectively. For the purpose of testing the actual TCP performance, we implemented our TBT-PLR by modifying the linux kernel version 2.4.18 and evaluated the TCP performance by comparing TBT-PLR with the TCP schemes of the fixed buffer size. As a result, more balanced usage among TCP connections was obtained.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.215-226
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• 2020

Chatbot is emerging as an important interface window for business. This change is due to the continued development of chatbot-related research from NLP to NLU and NLG. However, the reality is that the methodological study of drawing domain knowledge and developing it into a user-friendly interactive interface is weak in the process of developing chatbot. In this paper, in order to present the process criteria of chatbot development, we applied it to the actual project based on the methodology presented in the previous paper and improved the development methodology. In conclusion, the productivity of the test phase, which is the most important step, was improved by 33.3%, and the number of iterations was reduced to 37.5%. Based on these results, the "3 Phase and 17 Tasks Development Methodology" was presented, which is expected to dramatically improve the trial and error of the chatbot development.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.201-209
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• 2012

The point-based complex event processing handled an instantaneous event by using one time stamp in each event. However, the activity period of the event plays the important role in the field which is the same as the finance, multimedia, medicine, and meteorology. The point-based event is insufficient for expressing the complex temporal relationship in this field. In the application field of the real-time world, the event has the period. The events more than two kinds can be temporally overlapped. In addition, one event can include the other event. The relation about the events of kind of these can not be successive like the point-based event. This thesis designs and implements the method detecting the patterns of the complex event by using the interval-based events. The interval-based events can express the overlapping relation between events. Furthermore, it can include the others. By using the end point of beginning and end point of the termination, the operator of interval-based events shows the interval-based events. It expresses the sequence of the interval-based events and can detect the complex event patterns. This thesis proposes the algorithm using the active instance stack in order to raise efficiency of detection of the complex event patterns. When comprising the event sequence, this thesis applies the window push down technique in order to reduce the number of intermediate results. It raises the utility factor of the running time and memory.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2016

Two representative residual static methods of traveltime decomposition and stack-power maximization are discussed in terms of application to land seismic data. For the model data with synthetic shot/receiver statics (time shift) applied and random noises added, continuities of reflection event are much improved by stack-power maximization method, resulting the derived time-shifts approximately equal to the synthetic statics. Optimal parameters (maximum allowable shift, correlation window, iteration number) for residual statics are effectively chosen with diagnostic displays of CSP (common shot point) stack and CRP (common receiver point) stack as well as CMP gather. In addition to removal of long-wavelength time shift by refraction statics, prior to residual statics, processing steps of f-k filter, predictive deconvolution and time variant spectral whitening are employed to attenuate noises and thereby to minimize the error during the correlation process. The reflectors including horizontal layer of reservoir are more clearly shown in the variable-density section through repicking the velocities after residual statics and inverse NMO correction.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.74-83
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• 2004

Raw-fish food contains a lot of moisture and is a high-protein food. It is a first-stage processed food taking a lot of manual work. Therefore, it is classified as a PHF food, very liable to cause a bacterial food-poisoning. But its manufacturers are usually small-sized and a systematic sanitation management is difficult to expect. But the manufacturer participating in this study produces chilled fresh raw-fish food. Fish are sliced into two fillets, which are packaged under vacuum, kept and distributed in refrigerators, and sold within a day. It is a newly-developed kind of raw-fish food, and a more improved kind of raw-fish food making possible a systematic sanitation management. The HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) is a systematic and continuous process-control method which is very efficient for controling food sanitation and reducing the expenses. A new HACCP model has been developed to be applied to a large-sized chilled fresh raw-fish food manufacturer. To ascertain its efficiency, the baterial examination was done to its workplace and products. The significance test was done on its data by "SPSS 12.0 for Window" and "Mann-Whitney U Test". The numbers of bacteria on its final products were significantly different in flatfish and porgy. The number of bacteria tended to decrease in each time-differential sampling (P＜.00l). The final food products showed no food-poisoning bacteria in all the time-differential tests and in all the samplings, which proves that the CCP of the HACCP system is under control. After the SSOP program was applied, no pathogenic bacteria were found in the work-place, and the kinds and numbers of bacteria decreased. The numbers of general bacteria and colon bacilli also showed a significant difference from those before the SSOP program in the filleting board (P＜.05), in the skinning board (P＜.0l), in the neck-removing knife (P＜.05), and in the filleting knife (P＜.01). The working equipments, periodically disinfected, also showed a significant difference in sanitary conditions (in the dehydrator, P＜.05). The number of bacteria found on the food-touching surface was within the standard (below 500/l00 cm$^2$) After the SSOP program was applied, the general bacteria and colon bacilli were not found. The quality of water used in the food processing was also within the standard. The numbers of bacteria falling from the air in the work-place were negligible in all the samplings (＜30CFU/l000ι). The staphylococci and fungi were not found.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.1409-1417
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• 2020

The purpose is to increase the likelihood of physical education students for employment in public institutions by examining the priority for hiring sports-related public institutions. The subject of the study was purposeful sampling of a total of 11 persons including 4 sports professors, 3 NCS experts in sports field, 2 judges from public sports institutions, and 2 personnel in charge of hiring public institutions. Through this process, from January 3 to March 12, 2020, the importance of priority was analyzed using hierarchical structure analysis using the main factors of NCS vocational basic competency. All data are coded so that statistical processing can be performed. Using SPSS/PC (ver. 21.0) for Windows, the hierarchical structure analysis was used for frequency analysis and priority determination. First, communication skills (.231), organizational comprehension skills (.177), resource management skills (.128), interpersonal skills (.110), vocational ethics (.082), problems in the major areas of recruitment of sports-related public institutions Solving ability (.061), information ability (.056), mathematical ability (.054), self-development ability (.052), and description ability (.049) were analyzed in order. Second, in terms of evaluation items, communication is communication skills (.442), mathematical skills are basic computation skills (.512), problem solving skills are thinking skills (.722), self-development skills are self-management skills (.587), Resource management ability was analyzed in order of time management ability (.531), interpersonal relationship ability as teamwork ability (.382), information ability in computer use ability (.677), technical ability in technology understanding ability (.599).

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.12A no.5 s.95
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• pp.341-354
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• 2005

The main bottleneck for large scale VOD systems is bandwidth of storage or network I/O due to the large number of client requests simultaneously, and then efficient techniques are required to solve the bottleneck problem of the VOD system. Patching is one of the most efficient techniques to overcome the bottleneck of the VOD system through the use of multicast scheme. In this paper, we propose a new patching scheme, called P2P proxy patching, for improving the typical patching technique by jointly using the prefix caching and P2P proxy. In our proposed scheme, each client plays a role in a proxy to multicast a regular stream to other clients that request the same video stream. Due to the use of the P2P proxy and the prefix caching, the client requests that ive out of the patching window range can receive the regular stream from other clients in the previous patching group without allocating the new regular channels from the VOD server to the clients. In the performance study, we show that our patching scheme can reduce the server bandwidth requirement about $33\%$ less than that of the existing patching technique with respect to prefix size and request interval.