• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2013

Many child actors have appeared in various movies as the Korean film industry continues to evolve. As more children appear in violent and raunchy scenes, there are more concerns about the movie's effect on child actors. In some Western countries, many strategies have been developed for child actors, but for the Korean movie industry, the conditions are still poor for them. Although children who enter the concrete operational period are able to think logically and systematically, they are yet limited by their experiences. Adolescents in the formal operational period try to deal with all of the possibilities and assumptions logically and systematically with freedom from realistic contents and experiences. This period is very important because adolescents become more sensitive to others' feelings and they should develop their ego identity. Several studies have reported the indirect experiences through media including how the movie affected children and adolescents negatively. Depending on the individual's morality, judgment and emotional status, these effects were variable and inconsistent and could be relieved by several interventions. We could anticipate much bigger emotional effect on child actors who are acting directly and then are confronting themselves in the scene. Therefore, we suggest that the emotional effects of the movies on child actors can be managed properly by considering children's cognitive ability and emotional status, and establishing protective strategies before they are exposed to problematic scenes. Of course, it should be followed by evaluating them after the exposure and with follow-up management, if necessary.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.135-146
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• 2014

본 연구는 SNS를 활용한 수업에서 자기중심적 활동과 사회적 상호작용을 추가한 사회적 활동으로 구분하여 자기주도성, 정보기술에 대한 태도 및 자기효능감에 미치는 영향을 비교하였다. 연구방법은 비동등성 실험군 원시실험설계를 활용하였다. 자료 분석은 대응표본(paired t-test) 검증과 내용분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과에 의하면 SNS 수업을 활용한 자기중심적 활동은 자기주도성과 정보기술에 대한 태도에 효과가 있었으며, 사회적 상호작용이 추가된 사회적 활동은 자기주도성, 정보기술에 대한 태도 및 자기효과성에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 SNS를 활용한 수업의 교육효과에 대한 내용분석에서는 정보의 공유 및 즉시성, 접근성 측면을 장점으로, 정보보안과 사생활 노출은 문제점으로 제시하였다. 즉 SNS를 활용한 수업에서 자기중심적 활동과 사회적 상호작용을 병행 할 경우, 학습자 스스로 계획하고, 실행하는 자기주도성 향상과 학업능력을 나타낼 수 있는 정보기술에 태도가 향상되고 개별 학업 만족도를 나타낼 수 있는 정보기술에 대한 자기효능감이 향상되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.141-165
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• 2007

This study aims to make a contribution to the promotion of trade and economic development of South Korea, and, at the same time, call attention to the increasing trend of investment agreements concluded within Free Trade Agreements (FTA) by examining theoretically FTAs and dispute resolution and investigating systematically the conclusion procedure of agreements, and the system, institutions, and jurisdiction of dispute resolution, and presenting these findings to the government and investors involved. The most problematic aspect in the legal process of arbitration involving disputes over investment is that of arguments concerning the right of jurisdiction. When a dispute arises, even though an investor files for arbitration at an ICSID institution, the parties become involved in another energy-consuming argument even before proceeding to the hearing and decision of the original plan in cases in which the respondent of the dispute files an objection to the decision rights of the arbitral tribunal. As the main basis for this type of plea, the point of non-existence of jurisdiction is first raised where the applicable dispute does not fall under the range of investments defined in individual investment contracts or investment agreements such as a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT). To avoid an open-ended definition of investment for the range of investments, articles concerning investments in the FTA and NAFTA between Canada and the USA adopt the limited closed-list method. Article 96 of the FTA between Japan and Mexico applied the same abovementioned method of limited form of definition regarding range of investments and concluded BITs between member countries of APEC applied a similar method as well. Instead of employing the previously used inclusive definition, the BITs concluded between countries of Latin America and the USA are equipped with limited characteristics of an investment. Furthermore, to correspond with this necessary condition the three following requirements are needed : 1) fixed investment funding; 2) expected profits resulting from such investments; 3) and the existence of fixed risk bearing.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.5787-5792
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• 2015

Background: Reported age standardized incidence rates for esophageal cancer in Iran are 0.88 and 6.15 for females and males, at fifth and the eighth ranks, respectively, of cancers overall. The present study aimed to map relative risk using more realistic and less problematic methods than common estimators. Materials and Methods: In this ecological investigation, the studied population consisted of all esophageal cancer patients in Iran from 2005 to 2007. The Bayesian multilevel space-time model with three levels of county, province, and time was used to measure the relative risk of esophageal cancer. Analyses were conducted using R package INLA. Results: The total number of registered patients was 7,160. According to the results, the three-level model with adjustment for risk factors of physical activity and smoking had the best fit among all models. The overall temporal trend was significantly increasing. At county level, Ahar, Marand, Salmas, Bojnoord, Saghez, Sarakhs, Shahroud and Torbatejam had the highest relative risks. Physical activity was found to have significant direct association with risk of developing esophageal cancer. Conclusions: Given to great variation across geographical areas, many different factors affect the incidence of esophageal cancer. Conducting further studies at the individual level in areas with high incidence could provide more detailed information on risk factors of esophageal cancer.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.25-38
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• 2003

The main problems of disordered and congested urban landscape are due to the lack of holistic management that can control various elements of forming a city. Especially, the color of urban landscape is problematic because it is related to individual and social characteristics as well as to physical characteristics. Therefore, temporary expedients that can solve only visualized problems can not be a proper solution for color problems of urban landscape. This study originated from the question about why the color of disordered and congested urban landscape has not been improved. This study aims at directly improving the urban environmental color by finding out what the actual problems related to color are, and what the solutions would be. The goal of this study is to find a holistic systematic problem-solving method. Problems of urban environmental color are identified from both literature review and questionnaires to the expert group, such as environmental planning, design group, and the landscape executive group. Through mapping of relationships among these problems, the intellectual map was made to layout the structures of problems. Based on this method, the structures of problems of urban environmental color were classified into 5 categories: 1) the items related to the administrative structure, 2) the items related to the color management goal and system, 3) the items related to the color planning and design phase, 4) the items related to the color consulting committee, and 5) the items related to the present state of color use. Thus, in order to solve the color problem in urban landscape, practical strategy is strongly required. It is not a temporary expedient but a holistic approach. The solution for the problems of urban environmental color could be divided into 6 types; ‘regulations amendment’,‘color standard amendment’,‘color management plan’,‘color education’, and ‘advertisement for the goal of color management’. Regulations amendment among these types was proposed as the most effective method due to the close relationship with problem categories. Thus, as the solution for the problems of urban environmental color, the ‘color management system’ was suggested. Detailed contents the suggested color management system were divided into three parts; 1) legislation by regulations, ordinance and acts, 2) management by controling the level of guidelines, and 3) the standards for execution of this system.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2008년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.392-397
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• 2008

현재 교육시설 BTL 사업의 경우 사업적격성조사 정량적 VFM분석이 선행되는 과정에서 교육시설에 적합한 분석 기준이 미흡하여 정확한 분석을 수행하는데 많은 어려움을 겪고 있으며 적정 유지관리비 산정 시에도 미흡한 기준이 문제가 되고 있다. 교육시설은 많은 수의 학생들이 장시간 안전하게 사용해야하고, 학교급별 학생들의 활동량과 신체적 발달상태가 다를 뿐만 아니라 시설별 사용특성과 지역별 특성이 다르기 때문에 공동주택과는 다른 유지관리 기준을 고려하여야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 교육시설의 특성을 고려한 유지관리 기준 설정을 위해 교육시설관리전문가를 대상으로 교육시설과 공동주택의 유지관리 수준을 비교 분석하여 교육시설에 적합한 유지관리 수준을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.98-108
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• 2004

지역사회능력(community capacity) 개념은 사회경제, 환경 그리고 물리적 배경의 발전지표 및 인자와 연관된 사업을 하는 지역사회 및 지역주민의 능력으로 간주된다. 지역사회발전계획과 관련된 문제점을 효율적으로 분석하는 지역사회의 능력배양은 지리정보시스템을 이용하여 인프라 및 사회경제의 능력향상에 대하여 현 상태를 조사요구 한다. 지역사회의 능력을 증가시키는데 있어 계획된 자산형성의 노력은 지역발전의 일부분으로 볼 수 있다. 공간자산매핑(spatial asset mapping)은 유무형의 자산목록을 만들고 확인하는 일련의 과정이다. 이러한 자산매핑은 인적, 사회문화적, 자연적, 금융적, 디지털적 및 물리적 능력에 관하여 개인, 공동체 그리고 지역사회가 지닌 능력을 조사하며 발전시키는 것을 필요로 한다. 이 연구 목적은 능력배양(capacity building)의 새로운 개념을 제안할 뿐만 아니라 독창적인 자산기반으로 하는 지역사회능력배양의 개념적 모형을 일필지 중심의 공간자산매핑 및 능력매핑과정을 통해서 제시코자 한다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2014

The theory of planned behavior proposed by Ajzen predicts that certain behaviors are determined by behavioral intentions which are affected by an attitudinal belief toward the behavior, the subject norms, and the individual's perception of their control over the behavior. This study's aim is to examine consumers' inappropriate complaint behaviors, using the theory of planned behavior. Consumers' inappropriate complaint behaviors are defined by two types, which are low -and high-intensity inappropriate complaint behavior based on the primary data collected from a group of consumer affairs professionals in the business field. The survey questionnaire was administered to 1,000 consumers via an on-line survey. The two models were assessed with path analysis in order to predict consumers' inappropriate complaint behaviors, using the theory of planned behavior. The results are as follows: First, two types of inappropriate compliant behaviors were identified according to the results of an exploratory study conducted by professionals who had been employed at the department of consumer affairs. Second, the theory of planned behavior is adequately fitted to examine the factors related to consumers' inappropriate complaint behaviors. Also, all three variables based on the theory of planned behavior, -perceived behavior control, subjective norm, and attitude-had a significant effect on inappropriate complaint behavior intention. Third, consumers' inappropriate complaint behavior intention played the most significant role in low-intensity inappropriate complaint behavior, whereas attitude was found to play a significant role in high-intensity inappropriate complaint behavior. The significance and implication were discussed in terms of effective customer management strategies.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권sup1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2013

Physical activity (PA) professionals and participants recognize enhanced quality of life (QoL) as a benefit of and motivator for PA. However, QoL measures are often problematic and rarely consider the participants' perspective. This paper focuses on recent findings from a larger project on the role of QoL in PA and health promotion. More specifically, we focus on the views of participants and potential participants to better understand the relationship of PA and QoL. In earlier stages of the project we began with a conceptual model of QoL and developed a survey. We now focus on participants' views and ask two questions: 1) what is QoL? and 2) how does PA relate to QoL? We first asked those questions of a large sample of university students and community participants as open-ended survey items, and then asked focus groups of community participants. Overall, participants' responses reflected the multidimensional, integrative QoL model, but the responses and patterns provided information that may not be picked up with typical survey measures. Findings suggest that PA contributes to multiple aspects of QoL, that social and emotional benefits are primary motivators and outcomes for participants, and that the meaning of QoL and PA benefits is subjective and contextualized, varying across individuals and settings. Programs that directly target and highlight the multiple dimensions and integrative QoL, while considering the individual participants and contexts, may enhance both PA motivation and participants' health and QoL.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2021

Flipped learning is necessary for modern education but quite difficult to implement. In pedagogical science, the question remains to what extent the practical work of the teacher in combination with the technologies of flipped learning will improve the quality of higher education. The aim of this article is to study the effectiveness and feasibility of using flipped learning technologies, assessing their perception by students (advantages and problems), identified an algorithm for introducing flipped learning technology in higher education institutions. Research methods. The main method is an experiment. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the study was conducted using a questionnaire and observation method. Statistical methods were used to evaluate the results of the experiment. The research hypothesis is that flipped learning allows the teacher to spend more time on an individual approach, to understand the real needs of students, and provide effective feedback, thereby improving the quality of learning and motivation of students, especially while studying complex material. The results of the study are to prove the effectiveness of the technology of flipped education in the study of complex disciplines, courses, topics. The use of flipped learning strategies improves the self-regulation of the educational process, group work skills, improves students' ability to learn, overcome difficulties. The technology of flipped learning in the presence of modern technical means and constant work on improving the level of digital literacy is an effective means for students to master complex topics and problematic issues that require additional consideration and discussion. The perspective of further research is the consideration of integrated approaches to the application of flipped learning technologies to the principles of STEAM-education, multilingual and multicultural programs, etc. It is also worth continuing to develop a set of methods aimed at enhancing the student's learning activities, the formation of group work skills, direct participation in creating the foundations of higher education.