• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.603-619
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• 2006

One of the most important aims in mathematics education is to enhance students' problem-solving abilities. To achieve this aim, in real school classrooms, many educators have examined and developed effective teaching methods, learning strategies, and practical problem-solving techniques. Among those trials, it is noticeable that Engel, Zeits, Shapiro and other not a few mathematicians emphasized 'Invariance Principle' as a mean of solving problems. This study is to consider the basic concept of 'Invariance Principle', analyze 'Invariance' concept in secondary Mathematics contents on the basis of framework of 'Invariance Principle' shown by Shapiro and discuss some instructional issues to occur in the process of it.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.583-597
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• 2016

Purpose: The study was done to evaluate the effects a Stress Management Program (SMP) on stress, problem solving skills, and quality of life for hospitalized patients with Schizophrenia. Methods: A mixed method design was used: a combination of a repeated-measure design with a non-equivalent control group and qualitative data collection. The participants were 40 patients with schizophrenia admitted in three psychiatric hospitals. The experimental group (n=20) received the SMP twice a week for a total of 8 weeks. Results: Study results revealed that the SMP was effective for stress (F=321.02, p<.001), problem solving ability (F=246.28, p<.001), and quality of life (F=63.35, p<.001) for hospitalized persons with schizophrenia. Conclusion: The results suggest that a SMP can be an effective strategy to reduce patients' hospitalization stress, and improve problem solving skills and quality of life. Therefore, it is recommended that mental health nurses use this stress management program in clinical practice to assist adaptation to hospitalization for persons with schizophrenia.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.291-305
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• 2009

본 고에서는 학교 현장에서 보다 쉽게 학생들의 메타인지적 접근이 가능할 수 있도록 선행 연구와 문헌 검토를 통하여 메타인지적 발문을 고안하고 이에 따라 학생들에게 훈련을 실시하였다. 이러한 목적은 메타인지가 수학적 사고 과정에 중요한 역할을 하는 도구임을 제안하고, 학생들의 메타인지 능력을 향상시킴으로써 수학적 사고력을 신장시킬 수 있다는 근거를 마련하는 것이다. 두 가지 사례를 들어, 문제해결 과정에서 메타인지적 활동의 훈련을 통하여 학생들의 수학적 사고 과정에서 나타나는 메타인지를 분석함으로서 자신의 문제 해결 과정에서 필요한 전략과 절차를 의식적으로 모니터링하며 조정하고 통제하려는 모습을 구체적인 사례와 함께 제시하였다.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.393-420
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• 2015

The expectation and confirmation emerging as one of problem-solving strategies in the elementary school is a strategy that does not limited in the elementary school but used in the middle and high school. This strategy inevitably requires a process of adjustment that affected by the earlier expectation. Such an adjustment raised expectation and confirmation to one of effective problem-solving strategies. The adjustment is especially important to carry out the strategy effectively. The aim of this study was to conduct basic research on cognitive characteristics appearing to students when they carried out the expectation and confirmation strategy. We investigated and analyzed this in term of adjustment of expectation. To do this, we examined 50 5th graders' response in three kinds of word problems and interviewed with 4 participants who is using the expectation and confirmation strategy. The interview was conducted by using the items or solutions used in the test. From this, we tried to check students' cognitive characteristics and recognition on it's value. Furthermore we proposed the pedagogical implications associated with these results.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.129-145
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• 2006

이 연구의 목적은 혼합 학습 환경에서 추후 초등학교 교사가 될 학생들에게 과학적 사고 능력, 창의성 및 문제해결력을 배양하고 신장시키기 위하여 프로젝트 학습 전략을 개발하고 적용하는 것이다. 이 연구는 교육대학 환경에 의거하여 시행된 현장연구이다. 이 연구의 연구대상은 교육대학교 한 학급 25명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료는 관찰, 설문조사, 인터뷰와 학생들의 학습 결과물을 통하여 수집되었다. 혼합 학습 환경에서 프로젝트 학습 전략은 학생들에게 문제해결력, 과학적 사고력 및 창의성을 배양하게 하는 것으로 연구 결과는 관찰되었다. 마지막으로 이 연구의 시사점, 이 연구를 시행하는 데 따르는 어려움 및 이 학습전략을 보다 효과적이고 효율적으로 시행하기 위한 제언들 제시하였다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2002

Visualization have strong driving force that enables us to recognize abstract mathematics by direct and specific method in school mathematics. Specially, visual thinking helps in effective problem solution via intuition in mathematics education. So, this paper examines the meaning of visualization, the role of visualization in intuitive problem solving process and the methods for enhancement of intuition using visualization in mathematics education. Visualization is an useful tool for illuminating of intuition in mathematics problem solving. It means that visualization makes us understand easily mathematical concepts, principles and rules in students' cognitive structure. And it makes us experience revelation of anticipatory intuition which finds clues and strategy in problem solving. But, we must know that visualization can have side effect in mathematics learning. So, we have to search for the methods of teaching and learning which can increase students' comprehension about mathematics through visualization and minimize side aspect through visualization.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.509-521
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is as follows: $^{\circleda}$ to disclose the essence of symmetry $^{\circledb}$ to propose the desirable strategy of problem-solving as to symmetry $^{\circledc}$ to clarify the relationship between symmetry and group $^{\circledd}$ to propose a way of introduction of 'group' in school mathematics according to its fundamental characteristic, symmetry. This study shows that the nature of symmetry is 'invariance under a transformation' and symmetry is the main idea of 'group'. In mathematics textbooks and mathematics education literature, we find out that the logic of symmetry is widespread. We illustrate two paradigmatic problem related to symmetrical logic and exemplify a desirable instruction of Pascal's triangle. This study also suggests a possibility of developing students' unformal and unconscious conception of group with sym metry idea from elementary to secondary school mathematics.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.77-93
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 초등영재학생의 장의존적-장독립적 인지양식에 따른 골드버그 장치 과제에 대한 문제 해결 전략을 알아보는 것이다. 연구 대상은 화성시 P초등학교의 영재학급 학생 16명이며, 사전에 인지양식 검사를 실시하여 학생들을 장의존적 그룹, 약한 장의존적 그룹, 중간적 그룹, 약한 장독립적 그룹, 장독립적 그룹의 5개 그룹으로 편성하였다. 골드버그 장치의 과제는 구슬을 시작 지점에서 가장 늦게 목표지점에 도달하도록 $1m^3$의 앵글구조틀 내부에 장치를 제작하는 것이었다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 장치 제작을 위한 계획에 있어서 장독립적인 성향이 강한 그룹일수록 구체적인 전략이 반영된 계획을 수립하였고 장의존적인 성향이 강한 그룹일수록 비구체적인 전략으로 계획을 수립하였다. 둘째, 모든 인지양식 그룹은 제한된 시간을 고려해서 많은 장치의 제작보다는 장치의 미세한 조절을 통해 구슬이 목표 지점에 가장 늦게 도착하도록 장치를 제작하였다. 셋째, 장독립적인 그룹은 논리적인 추론을 많이 사용하였고 장의존적인 그룹은 직관적인 사고를 많이 사용하였다. 넷째, 장독립적인 그룹은 협동 및 역할분담 등의 전략을 적절히 활용하였고 장의존적인 그룹은 협동보다는 개인적으로 과제를 해결하려고 노력했으며 역할분담이 원활하지 않았다. 다섯째, 과제해결의 결과는 장의존적인 성향 또는 장독립적인 성향의 한쪽으로 치우친 성향보다 중간적 그룹에서 과제해결의 결과가 우수하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2015

Recently, it has been activated the software education or coding education for the improvement of the Computational Thinking (CT) ability at home and abroad. Also the CT has influence on courses of Computer Science in the college levels. It has been introduced and the number of cases of using it to general K12 education has increased. However, the research on the software education's influence on the CT was still lacking. So In this paper, we proposed this study has been conducted on how Scratch education in the elementary school level influenced the ability of the CT. And we proposed software education can improve the ability of CT. First, we provided the theoretical base of the software education and evaluation process through analysis of computational thinking ability. A core analysis content of the CT is broader than algorithmic thinking and can be achieved without using computer. It includes abstract, algorithmic, logical, and measurable thinking. Second, we made efforts to improve the characteristics of the software education with categorization. Finally, we have managed the software education using Picoboard with Scratch and flowchart within 15 weeks based on these theocratical research. An examination of the effectiveness was committed to understand, analyze, and develop strategies of problem solving. It is designed as a strategy of problem solving before and after the software lesson. The result of the software education has improved authentically in all areas without the need to design a strategy for problem solving.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2007

This paper describes the Blue Ocean Strategy and Business TRIZ (Russian Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) Tactics as one method for knowledge creation and innovation. The opening new market avoiding keen competition is very popular recently and is not just prosper, but survival problem. As one new strategy for finding new market, the Blue Ocean Strategy gives the big blueprint for new market, but has no enough tools to make more concrete ideas. In this paper, we suggest using the Strategy Campus and other tools in the Blue Ocean Strategy at initial stage and then, compensating the TRIZ principles to make more concrete ideas for new market as tactics. We applied it to find the new market for conventional newspaper industry and EBS (Education Broadcast System) management innovation in Korea as case studies and got better results comparing to using only the Blue Ocean Strategy.