• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.195-209
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information about design guidelines of activity areas in elderly nursing facilities. For the study, the activity areas of 44 facilities in Korea were investigated to categorize their spatial compositions and forms, and then a case study about 19 facilities was conducted to analyse their hierarchical characteristics. The results of the study were as follows: First, the major type of spatial composition among 44 research facilities was concentration, but compartment type was the main among unit-care facilities. By the year, all the types of spatial composition were evenly distributed during recent five years, while concentration type was about 40% before 2003. Second, the major form of activity areas was hall or corridor extension for large group. But there was more alcove or separation form among small group spaces. Third, in the case analysis about hierarchical characteristics, hall and corridor extension form met the requirements of accessibility and openness of public and semi-public areas. On the other hand, separation form had a problem in satisfying both requirements. The semi-private areas, which were around the elderly bedrooms and the elderly were able to watch activities in, were not sufficient in many facilities. Fourth, the division of public and semi-public area was mainly by furniture, and the individuality of semi-private area was defined by dead-end place and corner seats of the window or the corridor. The diversity of semi-private area was likely to be appeared in connection or distribution type. On the basis of the results, the basic design guidelines for activity areas in elderly nursing facilities could be suggested as follows: On the whole, connection or distribution type in spatial composition is more efficient for hierarchical flow than concentration or compartment type is, especially in Korean facilities having many elderly residents per floor. In detail, the design of public and semi-public area should be focused on their openness and accessibility. The recommended forms of activity areas were hall or corridor extension in public area, and living room, corridor extension, or large corridor in semi-public area to effectively function as large or small group spaces. In semi-private areas, the spatial diversity and individuality should be considered.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 2004

Although most children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome respond to corticosteroid therapy, many responders show steroid dependency and frequent relapse. In these children, one of the major problems is the serious side effects resulting from continuous steroid therapy. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety of six-month cyclosporine treatment with the low-dose deflazacort therapy in children with nephrotic syndrome. Thirty children with steroid dependence (SD), frequent relapse (FR) and steroid resistance (SR) were enrolled in this study. They were treated with 6-month oral cyclosporine $(Cypol-N^{(R)})$ plus the low-dose deflazacort $(Calcort^{(R)})$ therapy at Samsung Medical Center from September 2002. The dosage of cyclosporine was started at 5 mg/kg/day and was monthly adjusted to maintain clinical remission and/or a trough blood level, while deflazacort dosage was reduced gradually. Clinical evaluation and monitoring of cyclosporine toxicity were performed every $2\sim4$ weeks. Outcomes were compared to the latest sir-month period of steroid only therapy before cyclosporine treatment. Student's t-test and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. Out of 28 children with SD and FR, 23 $(82.1\%)$ sustained remission, and 5 $(17.9\%)$ experienced 1 or 2 relapses during therapy. Out of 2 children with SR, 1 child sustained remission, and 1 child showed no response. The mean duration of remission and occurrence of relapse were significantly improved (p <.0001). In addition, the mean dosage of steroid was significantly reduced (p=.003). Although a number of adverse effects occurred in this study, they were not so serious as to necessitate discontinuation of the therapy. No nephrotoxicity was observed. Twenty out of the 28 children who had been in remission relapsed after withdrawal of cyclosporine. Fifteen of these children showed relapse within a month. These results demonstrated that the combination of cyclosporine with the low-dose deflazacort was efficient and safe in children with SD and FR during the six-month treatment. However, further studies are necessary in order to resolve the problem of high relapse rate after discontinuation of cyclosporine.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.86-94
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• 2009

Currently, positioning methods for LBS(Location Based Service) are GPS and network-based positioning techniques that use mobile communication networks. In these methods, however, the accuracy of positioning decreases due to the propagation delay caused by the non-line-of-sight(NLOS) effect and the repeater. To address this disadvantage, the CDMA system uses Pattern Matching algorithm. The Pattern Matching algorithm constructs a database of the propagation characteristics of the RF signals measured during the GPS positioning along with the positioned locations, so that the location can be provided by comparing the propagation characteristics of the received signals and the database, upon a user's request. In the area where GPS signals are not received, however, a database cannot be constructed. There are problem that the accuracy of positioning decreases due to the area without a database Because Pattern Matching algorithm depend on database existence. Therefore, this paper proposed a pilot signal strength prediction algorithm to enable construction of databases for areas without databases, so as to improve the performance of the Pattern Matching algorithm. The database was constructed by predicting the pilot signals in the area without a database using the proposed algorithm, and the Pattern Matching algorithm analysed positioning performance.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.78-87
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• 2013

NAND flash memory has been widely used as a storage medium in mobile devices, PCs, and workstations due to its advantages such as low power consumption, high performance, and random accessability compared to a hard disk drive. However, NAND flash cannot support in-place update so that it is mandatory to erase the entire block before overwriting the corresponding page. In order to overcome this drawback, flash storages need a software support, named Flash Translation Layer. However, as the high performance mass NAND flash memory is getting widely used, the size of mapping tables is increasing more than the limited DRAM size. In this paper, we propose an adaptive mapping information caching algorithm based on page mapping to solve this DRAM space shortage problem. Our algorithm uses a mapping information caching scheme which minimize the flash memory access frequency based on the analysis of several workloads. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can increase the performance by up to 70% comparing with the previous mapping information caching algorithm.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.2 no.1 s.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 1998

In this paper, Antenna, LNA, Mixer, VCO, and Modulation/Demodulation in Baseband processor which are the RF main components in Wireless LAN system for ultra high-speed communications network are studied. Antenna bandwidth and selective fading due to multipath can be major obstacles in high speed digital communications. To solve this problem, wide band MSA which has loop-structure magnetic antenna characteristics is designed. Distributed mixer using dual-gate GaAs MESFET can achieve over 10dB LO/RF isolation without hybrid, and minimize circuit size. As linear mixing signal is produced, distortions can be decreased at baseband signals. Conversion gain is achieved by mixing and amplification simultaneously. Mixer is designed to have wide band characteristics using distributed amplifier. In VCO design, Oscillator design method by large signal analysis is used to produce stable signal. Modulation/Demodulation system in baseband processor, DS/SS technique which is robust against noise and interference is used to eliminate the effect of multipath propagation. DQPSK modulation technique with M-sequences for wideband PN spreading signals is adopted because of BER characteristic and high speed digital signal transmission.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the communication structures that science gifted students used in small group activities, and to examine the relationship between communication styles and their achievement level. Eight small groups,5 members in each, participated in small group activities, in which they discussed how to calculate the average density of the earth. The communication structures and the achievement level presented in the group activities were analyzed using Pajek, Ucinet 6.0. As a result, we classified the communication styles of science gifted students into monopolistic type and co-ownership type according to the degree of dispersion of the interaction. We also classified it into $D_H{\cdot}N_H$ type, $D_H{\cdot}N_L$ type, $D_L{\cdot}N_H$ type, and $D_L{\cdot}N_L$ type based on the density and network centralization of interaction. The achievement levels of gifted students in their group work were affected by the density of interaction and the network centralization in small group activities, not by the dispersion of interaction among the members of the groups. Therefore, we recommend that teachers make the communication relevant to solving problem when they utilize a small group activity in science teaching.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2015

Recently, attempts of replacing some of natural aggregate with mix of low quality aggregate are carried out for stable supply of aggregate. However, low quality aggregate such as recycled aggregate produced during the disposal process of construction wastes and by-product aggregate produced by industrial activities has problem of failing to comply to KS Standards. Therefore, we have compared fundamental properties of concrete by using granite crushed aggregate, recycled aggregate, blast furnace and electric arc furnace slag aggregate for effective utilization of lacking aggregate resources. As the result, slump in case of mixed use of aggregate was increased 0~10% compared to single use. Therefore, it is judged to be economically advantageous as it can expect effects in unit quantity or reduction of SP agent. Compressive strength in case of mixed use of aggregate was increased 0~10% compared to single use as it filled internal crevice of concrete with continuous particle size distribution. Accordingly, if we utilize by satisfying standard particle scope through mix of aggregate with different cause of formation in proper ratio, it was possible to confirm utility of mixed aggregate with demonstration of effects of increases of fluidity and compressive strength of concrete.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.113-145
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• 2007

In this paper, we examine whether the poor performance of distressed firms where banks take equity may occur due to agency problems in banks. By adopting the debt-equity swap, the bank can effectively postpone the occurrence of bad loans form the failure of the distressed firm. As a result, firms with more debt will be more likely to obtain debt-equity swap, regardless of their probabilities of revival. This is not because they are more profitable, but because they have more debt and thus it poses greater risk to the bank. We empirically look into these predictions with the data of 44 workout firms and find the following results. First, debt-equity swap appears to be more applicable especially when the distressed firms are large and when BIS of related banks is low. Specifically, the conditional probability of 'large firms' based on debt-equity swap is 65.52% and the conditional probability of 'bad banks' based on debt-equity swap is 75.86%. Also, as predicted, the performance of these debt-equity firms is poorer than that of non debt-equity firms. The conditional probability of 'large firms' based on posterior failure is 84.62% and the conditional probability of 'bad banks' based on posterior failure is 84.62%. This is consistent with our predictions and is also confirmed through results of the logit regression analysis. Second, when the restructuring is led by 'good banks', the performance of equity-swap firms is superior to that of non equity-swap firms. This result is consistent with that of James(1995). Hence, we can conclude that there may be some agency problems in restructuring distressed firm-especially when distressed firms are large and banks are bad. And these agency problems can reconcile the difference between James' results and Park, Lee, and Jang's.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2013

There are many reasons for decommissioning of cyclotron such as not only age-related deficiency, any serious wear or damage but also relocation, upgrade and changing mission. Decommission of cyclotron in USA and EU give rise to a lot of low-level radioactive waste and costs. Various research on decommissioning of particle accelerator have been carried to reduce the cost of decommissioning in USA and EU. In USA, the NRC require DFP (Decommissioning Funding Plan) to authorized licenser by 10 CFR Part 30.35. To resolve radioactive waste problem and reduce the estimated cost of cyclotron decommissioning, we should consider technical aspects (decommissioning procedures, decontamination techniques, etc.) and safety aspects(residual radioactivity, the expected dose, etc) for decommissioning. In this study, we analyzed practical information on the decommissioning of cyclotron in ANL (Argonne National Laboratory) and Belgium (EU). And we investigated the experience on the cyclotron relocation from SNUH (Seoul National University Hospital) to SKKU (Sungkyunkwan University). From these results, we provide the basic data for establishing of relevant standards on domestic cyclotron decommissioning. It is necessary to adopt the DFP for safe and economic decommissioning and waste recycling. These result could be utilized for the establishment on the standards and useful requirements.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.359-374
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• 2020

This study is a complex type consisting of survey study and self-study. The former investigated elementary teachers' epistemological beliefs on convergence knowledge and teaching. As a representative of the result of survey study I, as a teacher as well as a researcher, was the participant of the self-study, which investigated my epistemological belief on convergence knowledge and teaching and my execution of convergent science teaching based on family resemblance of mathematics, science, and physical education. A set of open-ended written questionnaires was administered to 28 elementary teachers. Participating teachers considered convergent teaching as discipline-using or multi-disciplinary teaching. They also have epistemological beliefs in which they conceived convergence knowledge as aggregation of diverse disciplinary knowledge and students could get it through their own problem solving processes. As a teacher and researcher I have similar epistemological belief as the other teachers. During the self-study, I tried to apply convergence knowledge system based on the family resemblance analysis among math, science, and PE to my teaching. Inter-disciplinary approach to convergence teaching was not easy for me to conduct. Mathematical units, ratio and rate were linked to science concept of velocity so that it was effective to converge two disciplines. Moreover PE offered specific context where the concepts of math and science were connected convergently so that PE facilitated inter-disciplinary convergent teaching. The gaps between my epistemological belief and inter-disciplinary convergence knowledge based on family resemblance and the cases of how to bridge the gap by my experience were discussed.