• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.21-39
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• 2016

This research examined the Korean and American $6^{th}$ grade students' mathematical problem solving ability and methods via an intuitive thinking. For this, the survey research was used. The researcher developed the questionnaire which consists of problems with intuitive and algorithmic problem solving in number and operation, figure and measurement areas. 57 Korean $6^{th}$ grade students and 60 American $6^{th}$ grade students participated. The result of the analysis showed that Korean students revealed a higher percentage than American students in correct answers. But it was higher in the rate of Korean students attempted to use the algorithm. Two countries' students revealed higher rates in that they tried to solve the problems using intuitive thinking in geometry and measurement areas. Students in both countries showed the lower percentages of correct answer in problem solving to identify the impact of counterintuitive thinking. They were affected by potential infinity concept and the character of intuition in the problem solving process regardless of the educational environments and cultures.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

The previous empirical research suggests that problem finding is more important than problem solving in the creative process. Problem finding is increasingly recognized in theories of creativity. In spite of the importance of problem finding, there is little research to explain problem finding in Korea. This article reviews the research about problem finding and examines the nature of problem finding, the type of problems, the relation of problem finding and problem solving, the relation of problem finding and creativity, and the serendipity. Finally, theoretical and educational implications are discussed.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the change of critical thinking disposition and problem solving process in students who experienced problem-based learning. Method: This research design was one group pre-post test design. Twenty-five nursing students who participated in ‘'Nursing Process' course with two PBL packages for a semester in 2004 were the subjects of this study. The data were analyzed by repeated measures of ANOVA, and content analysis. Result: The problem defining in problem solving process was improved significantly, but there was no significant difference in the critical thinking disposition. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that PBL has a positive effect on nursing students' problem solving process, But for a more significant effect on a continuous base for critical thinking of nursing students, faculties should use web based and simulation-based education for self directed learning along with clinical situation-based scenarios.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.313-321
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the instructional effect of a four-stage problem solving approach visually emphasizing the molecular level of matter upon students' conceptions and problem solving ability. On the basis of the research results regarding molecular representation in learning chemistry, problem-solving instruction, and the effect of visual materials, the instructional strategy was developed while considering Korean educational situations. The treatment and control groups (2 classes) were selected from a girls' high school in Seoul and taught about stoichiometry, gas, liquid, solid, and solution for 13 weeks. For the treatment group, 52 charts were supplied in order to emphasize the molecular level of matter and/or 4 stage problem solving strategy-understanding, planning, solving, and reviewing. For the control group, traditional instruction was used. Before the instructions, the Group Assessment of Logical Thinking and the Spatial Ability Test were administered, and their scores were used as covariate and blocking variable, respectively. After the instructions, students' conceptions and problem solving ability were measured by the Chemistry Conceptions Test (CCT) and the Chemistry Problem Solving Ability Test (CPSAT), respectively. The results indicated that the CCT scores of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The students in the treatment group also exhibited less misconceptions than those in the control group. However, there was not significant difference for the CPSAT scores. No interaction with students' spatial ability was found for both students' conceptions and problem solving ability. Educational implications are discussed.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

최근 개발 적용되고 있는 국내외 교육과정에서는 지식정보화 사회의 구성원으로서 학생들이 습득해야 할 핵심 소양으로 '문제해결' 역량이 강조되고 있으며, 문제해결력 향상을 목표로 한 프로그래밍 교육 방안이 다양하게 연구되고 있다. 하지만 관련 연구에서 다루어지고 있는 프로그래밍 문제는 전통적인 프로그래밍 수업에서 활용되고 있는 문제와 차별성이 없었으며, 제시된 문제를 다루는 방법의 대부분은 문제해결 능력 제고에 적합하기 보다는 특정 프로그래밍 언어를 습득하는데 주안점을 두고 있었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 문제해결 역량 함양에 적합한 프로그래밍 문제와 교육과정을 개발하고 문제해결활동(PSA)을 중심으로 교수 학습 콘텐츠를 설계 개발하였다. 또한 개발된 콘텐츠를 교재로 교육과정을 운영하여 학습자의 문제해결력과 논리적 사고력 향상에 유의미한 결과를 얻었다. 본 연구 결과는 '문제해결' 역량 증진을 목적으로 프로그래밍 교수 학습 콘텐츠나 교육과정을 개발 운영할 때 기초 자료로나 참조 모델로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.289-298
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• 2001

분자 수준의 그림과 4단계 문제 해결 전략을 제시한 후 해결자 청취자 활동을 통해 문제 해결 과정을 점검하도록 한 교수 방법의 효과를 조사하였다. 고등학교 4학급(191명)을 선정하여 개별적으로 전략을 사용하는 집단(St; Strategy), 해결자 청취자 활동을 하는 집단(SL; Solver' Listener), 전략을 사용하며 해결자 청취자 활동을 하는 집단 (St-SL; Strategy-Solver' Listener), 그리고 통제 집단으로 무선 배치하였다. 전략 수행 능력 검사에서 St-SL 집단의 점수가 통제 집단에 비하여 유의미하게 높았으나, 객관식 문제 해결력 검사에서는 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 전략 수행 능력 검사의 하위 범주들에서는 문제의 조건을 파악하거나 올바른 물리량을 유도해내는 능력은 향상된 데에 비하여, 하위 목표를 설정하거나 해결 과정을 검토하는 능력은 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 전략에 대한 선호도는 St 집단보다 St-SL 집단에서 보다 긍정적인 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.95-111
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 초등수학영재의 수학 창의적 문제해결력과 메타인지와의 관계, 수학 창의적 문제해결력에 대한 메타인지 구성 요소별 영향력을 밝혀 수학 창의적 문제해결력을 향상시키기 위한 교수 방법으로서 메타인지적 접근에 대한 기초 정보를 제공하는 것이다. 연구 대상은 광역시 소재 대학교 영재교육원의 5학년 초등수학영재 40명과 초등학교 영재학급의 5학년 초등수학영재 40명으로 총 80명이다. 연구결과 초등수학영재 집단 안에서도 수학 창의적 문제해결력과 메타인지의 개인차가 크게 나타났으며 수학 창의적 문제해결력과 메타인지는 유의미한 상관 관계를 보였다. 또한 수학 창의적 문제해결력 전체에 상대적으로 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 메타인지 구성요소는 메타 인지적 지식으로 나타났고, 수학 창의적 문제해결력 중 유창성과 독창성 요소에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 메타인지 구성요소는 메타인지적 지식이며, 융통성에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 메타인지적 구성요소는 메타인지적 자기조정으로 나타났다. 메타인지적 경험은 상대적으로 적은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 수학 창의적 문제해결력과 메타인지와의 관련성을 고려하여 초등수학영재의 창의적 문제해결력을 높일 수 있는 메타인지적 접근을 기반으로 한 구체적인 교육과정과 수학영재 교육 프로그램이 개발되어야 함을 시사하는 것이라 볼 수 있다.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.381-411
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate how students' mathematical creativity changes through problem-solving instruction using problem-posing for elementary school students and to explore instructional methods to improve students' mathematical creativity in school curriculum. In this study, nonequivalent control group design was adopted, and the followings are main results. First, problem-solving lessons with problem-posing had a significant effect on students' mathematical creativity, and all three factors of mathematical creativity(fluency, flexibility, originality) were also significant. Second, the lessons showed meaningful results for all upper, middle, and lower groups of pupils according to the level of mathematical creativity. When analyzing the effects of sub-factors of mathematical creativity, there was no significant effect on fluency in the upper and middle groups. Based on the results, we suggest followings: First, there is a need for a systematic guidance plan that combines problem-solving and problem-posing, Second, a long-term lesson plan to help students cultivate novel mathematical problem-solving ability through insights. Third, research on teaching and learning methods that can improve mathematical creativity even for students with relatively high mathematical creativity is necessary. Lastly, various student-centered activities in math classes are important to enhance creativity.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 1987

The purpose of this research is to investigate the strategies for problem solving used by teachers and students and obtain some information which would be useful to enhance the ability of problem solving of the students. For this purpose we apply the thinking aloud method to study 6 graders and 6 teachers who were asked to solve 5 word problems. And we create a coding system to analyze those strategies. Using this coding system, we code the examinees and problems. we come up with the following facts from our study. (1) The number of strategies used by teachers is less than that used by students. (2) The characteristic of the strategies used by students is to set up an equation. (3) There is deep relationship between understanding the question and choosing the successful strategies for problem solving. (4) The students use the inductive argument more often than the teachers in the case of nonroutine mathematical problem. (5) The student of high success rate have fewer strategies than the others. From the above facts. it proposes the following conclusion for the enhancement of the ability of problem solving: So far the teachers usually use a few typical strategies for problem solving. But they need to create various strategies for pqoblem solving. It makes it possible for the students to choose proper strategies according to their ability. The students need to be given nicely constructed problem with enough time.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.19-41
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• 2015

Previous studies indicated that students tended to hold less satisfactory beliefs about the discipline of mathematics, beliefs about themselves as learners of mathematics, and beliefs about mathematics teaching and learning. However, only a few studies had developed curricular interventions to change students' beliefs. This study aimed to examine the effect of a problem-solving curriculum (i.e., Mathematical Problem Solving for Everyone, MProSE) on Singaporean Grade 7 students' beliefs about mathematical problem solving (MPS). Four classes (n =142) were engaged in ten lessons with each comprising four stages: understand the problem, devise a plan, carry out the plan, and look back. Heuristics and metacognitive control were emphasized during students' problem solving activities. Results indicated that the MProSE curriculum enabled some students to develop more satisfactory beliefs about MPS. Further path analysis showed that students' attitudes towards the MProSE curriculum are important predictors for their beliefs.