• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.200-205
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• 1998

A probiotic-strain of Lactobacillus sp. was cultured in bovine blood plasma-based (BBPB) medium and freeze-dried to prepare a probiotic product as an animal feed additive. The cell mass produced in the medium, $5.2{\times}10^9$ CFU/ml, was high enough to be commercialized and was 74% of that in MRS medium. The survival rate of tactobacillus sp. against freeze-drying was affected by the conditions for treatment of cultured BBPB broth before freeze-drying such as pH adjustment, volume reduction and freezing rate. It was also found that the blood protein hydrolysate remaining in broth also enhanced the survival rate. Among various protective substances, sucrose showed a high stabilizing effect with 10% (w/v) addition, by which the maximum survival rate (48.3%) and viable cell count ($3.0{\times}10^{10}$ CFU/g) were obtained.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2019

Lactobacillus rhamnosus BFE5264, isolated from a Maasai fermented milk product ("kule naoto"), was previously shown to exhibit bile acid resistance, cholesterol assimilation, and adhesion to HT29-MTX cells in vitro. In this study, we re-annotated and analyzed the previously reported complete genome sequence of strain BFE5264. The genome consists of a circular chromosome of 3,086,152 bp and a putative plasmid, which is the largest one identified among L. rhamnosus strains. Among the 2,883 predicted protein-coding genes, those with carbohydrate-related functions were the most abundant. Genome analysis of strain BFE5264 revealed two consecutive CRISPR regions and no known virulence factors or antimicrobial resistance genes. In addition, previously known highly variable regions in the genomes of L. rhamnosus strains were also evident in strain BFE5264. Pairwise comparison with the most studied probiotic strain L. rhamnosus GG revealed strain BFE5264-specific deletions, probably due to insertion sequence-mediated recombination. The latter was associated with loss of the spaCBA pilin gene cluster and exopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes. Comparative genomic analysis of the sequences from all available L. rhamnosus strains revealed that they were clustered into two groups, being within the same species boundary based on the average nucleotide identities. Strain BFE5264 had a sister group relationship with the group that contained strain GG, but neither ANI-based hierarchical clustering nor core-gene-based phylogenetic tree construction showed a clear distinctive pattern associated with the isolation source, implying that the genotype alone cannot account for their ecological niches. These results provide insights into the probiotic mechanisms of strain BFE5264 at the genomic level.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.705-711
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• 2004

Growth promoters were added to skim milk to retain the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum to help the product meet the "therapeutic minimum" at the time of consumption. The experiments were divided into two parts. The first part of the study used chicory inulin, isomalto-oligosaccharides and sucrose to investigate the effects of sugars on the activity of L. acidophilus and B. longum. The results indicated that the addition of isomalto-oligosaccharides stimulated growth of L. acidophilus and B. longum, resulting in a higher level of the probiotics after one month storage and yielded better $\beta$-galactosidase activity during fermentation. The second part studied the effects of three growth promoters on the viability of the probiotic cultures and the response surface method was employed to find the optimal ratio for addition of the growth promoters. The optimal ratio for added calcium gluconate, sodium gluconate and N-acetylglucosamine in fermented milk drinks were established. The response surface method proved to be a very effective way of optimizing the activity of probiotic cultures when developing a new fermented milk drink.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.158-165
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• 2006

In this study, we investigated the biological activity of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of citrus by-product ferment. Among the six probiotic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae had the highest antioxidant activity. Hot water extracts from citrus by-product of ferment were screened for antibacterial activity fish pathogenic bacteria by paper disc method. Among the various hot water extracts, the Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecium showed relatively strong antibacterial activities in the order. The reducing activity on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and $O^{2-}$ and OH radical scavenging potential were sequentially screened, in search for antioxidant activities of citrus by-product ferment.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.290-295
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• 2011

This study was conducted to develop an effective probiotic dairy product to normalize the microbial flora in Korean infants. A total of 2,200 colonies were isolated from 25 Korean neonates, and 16S rRNA of 348 isolates was analyzed. Approximately 40% of the lactic-acid producing bacterial isolates were Enterococcus faecalis, and 34.2% of them were strains similar to XR7 in the GenBank database. The fastest growing strain in MRS broth was registered as 91532 by the KACC. The selected strain was freeze-dried and utilized to ferment a milk-containing rice soup, tarakjuk. Microbiological, physico-chemical, and sensory characteristics of the fermented tarakjuk were compared with fermented milk and tarakjuk. E. faecalis KACC 91532 increased from $6.14{\pm}0.19$ to $7.36{\pm}0.13$ Log CFU/mL, and can be useful as a probiotic, as described in the Standards for Functional Health Foods.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.204-216
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• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with a multi-strain probiotic (MSP) product containing of Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus faecalis, and Bacillus cerevisiae on growth, health, and fecal bacterial composition of dairy calves during the first month of life. Methods: Forty Holstein calves (24 female and 16 male) at 2 d of age were grouped by sex and date of birth then randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: milk replacer supplementation with 0 g (0MSP), 2 g (2MSP), 4 g (4MSP), and 6 g (6MSP) MSP per calf per day. Results: Supplementation of MSP did not result in any significant differences in parameters of body measurements of calves during the 30 d period. As the dosage of MSP increased, the average daily gain (p = 0.025) and total dry matter intake (p = 0.020) of calves showed a linear increase. The fecal consistency index of the 2MSP, 4MSP, and 6MSP group calves were lower than that of the 0MSP group calves (p = 0.003). As the dosage of MSP increased, the concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.068) and aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.081) in serum tended to decrease, whereas the concentration of total cholesterol increased quadratically (p = 0.021). The relative abundance of Dorea in feces was lower (p = 0.011) in the 2MSP, 4MSP, and 6MSP group calves than that in the 0MSP group calves. The relative abundance of Dorea (p = 0.001), Faecalibacterium (p = 0.050), and Mitsuokella (p = 0.030) decreased linearly, whereas the relative abundance of Prevotella tended to increase linearly as the dosage of MSP increased (p = 0.058). Conclusion: The MSP product can be used to reduce the diarrhea, improve the performance, and alter the composition of the fecal bacteria in neonatal dairy calves under the commercial conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.521-529
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• 2010

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate multi-microbe submerged liquid (SLF) and solid substrate (SSF) fermented probiotic products in broilers. The SLF and SSF probiotics were comprised of Lactobacillus acidophilus ($1.1{\times}10^9$ and $4{\times}10^8$ cfu/g), Bacillus subtilis ($1.1{\times}10^9$ and $4{\times}10^9$ cfu/g), Saccharomyces cerevisiae ($1.5{\times}10^7$ and $1.0{\times}10^4$ cfu/g) and Aspergillus oryzae ($2.6{\times}10^7$ and $4.3{\times}10^7$ cfu/g), respectively. In Exp. 1, 640 day-old Ross chicks were allotted to 4 treatments, each comprising 4 replicates (40 chicks/replicate). The basal diet was prepared without any antimicrobials (negative control, NC), and 20 mg/kg avilamycin (positive control, PC), 0.3% SLF and 0.3% SSF probiotics were added to the basal diets as treatments. Birds fed PC and SSF diets showed improved (p<0.001) overall weight gain and F/G than birds fed NC and SLF diets; whereas, birds fed SLF diet had better weight gain and F/G than birds fed NC diet. Retention of CP was higher (p<0.05) in birds fed the SSF diet than birds fed PC, SLF and NC diets. Birds fed the SLF diet tended to have higher (p<0.10) cecal total anaerobic bacteria than birds fed PC and NC diets; whereas, lesser cecal coliforms were noticed in birds fed PC, SLF and SSF diets than birds fed the NC diet. In Exp. 2, 640 day-old Ross chicks were randomly allotted to 4 treatments in a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. Each treatment had 4 replicates (40 chicks/replicate). Two different multi-microbe probiotic products (0.3% SLF or SSF) each with two different antibiotics (10 mg/kg colistin, or 20 mg/kg avilamycin) were used as dietary treatments. Birds fed the SSF diet had greater weight gain (p<0.001), better F/G (p<0.05), greater retention of energy (p<0.001) and protein (p<0.05), and lesser cecal Clostridium (d 35) than birds fed SLF diet. Birds fed the colistin-supplemented diet had less (p<0.01) cecal coliforms when compared with birds fed the avilamycin diet. Additionally, birds fed the avilamycin diet had greater energy retention (p<0.05) than birds fed the colistin diet. Thus, the results of this study suggest the multi-microbe probiotic product prepared by a solid substrate fermentation method to be superior to the probiotic product prepared by submerged liquid fermentation; moreover, feeding of probiotics with different antibiotics did not elicit any interaction effect between probiotic and antibiotic.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.409-413
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• 2005

The objective of this research was to combine the physiological functionality of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum) and the milk-clotting activity of culture filtrate from lao-chao to develop a new dairy product which was different from the commercial yogurt. Rhizopus javanicus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were chosen as a mold and yeast starter for production of culture filtrate. The study results indicated that both probiotic counts increased with incubation time and maintained $10^7$-$10^8$ CFU/ml after 6 h incubation with 10-30% culture filtrates. By contrast, samples with 40% culture filtrates inhibited the growth of L. acidophilus and B. longum. The more culture filtrates were added, the lower titratable acidities and higher pH values in Kou Woan Lao were detected after 36 h fermentation. No significant differences (p>0.05) were found for both L. acidophilus and B. longum, when grown in differing concentrations of skim milk powders. Storage results showed both L. acidophilus and B. longum exhibited excellent stability for 14 days at $4^{\circ}C$ in the Kou Woan Lao.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1084-1092
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• 2015

In the present work, the in vitro prebiotic activity of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) derived from corn cobs combined with Lactobacillus plantarum, a probiotic microorganism, was determined. These probiotics exhibited different growth characteristics depending on strain specificity. L. plantarum S2 cells were denser and their growth rates were higher when cultured on XOS. Acetate was found to be the major short-chain fatty acid produced as the end-product of fermentation, and its amount varied from 1.50 to 1.78 mg/ml. The antimicrobial activity of XOS combined with L. plantarum S2 was determined against gastrointestinal pathogens. The results showed that XOS proved to be an effective substrate, enhancing antimicrobial activity for L. plantarum S2. In vivo evaluation of the influence of XOS and L. plantarum S2, used both alone and together, on the intestinal microbiota in a mouse model showed that XOS combined with L. plantarum S2 could increase the viable lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in mice feces and decrease the viable Enterococcus, Enterobacter, and Clostridia spp. Furthermore, in the in vitro antioxidant assay, XOS combined with L. plantarum S2 possessed significant 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis, and superoxide anion radical-scavenging activities, and the combinations showed better antioxidant activity than either XOS or L. plantarum S2 alone.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.393-398
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• 1996

In order to develop a lactic acid bacterial powder which can be used as a probiotic for human and animal, a lactic acid bacteria which has high resistance against low pH and ox-gall, and shows a good growth inhibition against E. coli, was isolated from an animal intestine and characterized. The isolated strain was identified as Enterococcus faecium. It had more than 90% of survival at low pH for 2 hours and almost 100% of survival in the presence of 0.3% ox-gall. When co-cultured with E. coli in MRS broth, all of the E. coli cells were killed within 24 hours. The final powdered product of the isolated strain was manufactured after a freeze drying process using an industrial media, and then checked its stability. Its storage stability was 80% for 11 months at 18$\circ$C.