• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1285-1293
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• 2012

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of commercial monostrain and multistrain probiotics in diets on growth performance, intestinal morphology and mucin gene (MUC2) expression in broiler chicks. Three hundred seventy-eight 1-d-old male Arian broiler chicks were allocated in 3 experimental groups for 6 wk. The birds were fed on a corn-soybean based diet and depending on the addition were labeled as follows: control-unsupplemented (C), birds supplemented with Bacillus subtilis (BS) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) based probiotics. Each treatment had 6 replicates of 21 broilers each. Treatment effects on body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and biomarkers such as intestinal goblet cell density, villus length, villus width, and mucin gene expression were determined. Total feed intake did not differ significantly between control birds and those fed a diet with probiotics (p>0.05). However, significant differences in growth performance were found. Final body weight at 42 d of age was higher in birds fed a diet with probiotics compared to those fed a diet without probiotic (p<0.05). Inclusion of Bacillus subtilis based probiotic in the diets also significantly affected feed conversion rate (FCR) compared with control birds (p<0.05). No differences in growth performance were observed in birds fed different types of probiotic supplemented diets. Inclusion of lactic acid bacteria based probiotic in the diets significantly increased goblet cell number and villus length (p<0.05). Furthermore, diets with Bacillus subtilis based probiotics significantly increased gene expression (p<0.05), with higher intestinal MUC2 mRNA in birds fed diet with probiotics compared to those fed the control diet. In BS and LAB probiotic fed chicks, higher growth performance may be related to higher expression of the MUC2 gene in goblet cells and/or morphological change of small intestinal tract. The higher synthesis of the mucin gene after probiotic administration may positively affect bacterial interactions in the intestinal digestive tract, intestinal mucosal cell proliferation and consequently efficient nutrient absorption.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.681-687
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• 2007

Probiotics로서의 사용을 위한 우수 젖산균주 선발을 위해 김치 및 발효유 제품으로부터 분리한 젖산균과 공시 젖산균주를 대상으로 내산성, 내담즙성, 장내 점착능, 병원성균 억제능 등의 probiotics 특성과 장관면역활성, mitogenic activity 및 대식세포 활성화 등의 면역활성을 검토하였다. 내산성 실험의 결과, Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1, Lb. acidophilus B-3208, Lb. plantarum과 Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. mesenteroides ATCC 8293의 경우 생존률이 50% 이상으로 나타났으며, 특히 Lb. acidophilus DDS-1과 Lb. acidophilus B-3208의 경우에는 70% 정도의 높은 생존률을 나타내었다. 또한 젖산균주의 담즙산 내성에서는 Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis ATCC 7962를 제외한 모든 균주가 3% oxgall이 함유된 MRS배지에서도 성장이 가능한 것으로 관찰되었다. 젖산균주의 장내 점착능 면에서 볼 때, Lb. acidophilus DDS-1, Lb. acidophilus B-3208과 Bifidobacterium bifidum KCTC 3357의 장내 점착능이 실험에 사용된 다른 젖산균주와 비교하여 우수하다고 관찰되었으며, 특히 Lb. acidophilus DDS-1과 B-3208의 장내점착능이 높게 나타났다. 젖산균주의 병원성균 억제능 실험의 결과, Lb. acidophilus DDS-1, Lb. acidophilus B-3208 및 B. bifidum KCTC 3357은 Staphylococcus aureus를 제외한 Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43895, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 59414, 그리고 Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 49313에 대해 높은 증식억제능을 나타내었다. 젖산균의 세포질 획분과 세포벽 획분을 대상으로 면역활성 실험을 실시한 결과, 장관면역 활성은 젖산균의 세포질 획분에서 양성 대조군으로 사용한 LPS와 같은 수준의 면역활성을 나타내었고, 특히 Lb. acidophilus속 균주들의 세포벽 획분의 장관 면역활성이 다른 균주보다 높게 나타났다. 한편 젖산균주의 세포질과 세포벽 성분에 대한 비장 림프구의 증식능은 대조군과 비슷한 수준으로 낮게 관찰되었으나, 이들의 대식 세포증식능은 세포벽 및 세포질 모두의 획분에서 대조군보다 높았으며 특히 세포벽 획분의 경우에는 양성대조군인 LPS 보다 높거나 유사한 정도의 높은 활성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로부터 시험 균주 중에서 Lb. acidophilus 균주인 DDS-1과 B-3208이 프로바이오틱스로서 요구되는 조건을 충족시킨다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 이들 균주의 상업적 이용 가능성을 재차 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1495-1500
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• 2008

In an attempt to develop a probiotic formulation for poultry feed, a number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from chicken intestinal specimens and a series of in vitro experiments were performed to evaluate their efficacy as a potential probiotic candidate. A total of 650 LAB strains were isolated and screened for their antagonistic potential against each other. Among all the isolates only three isolates (TMU121, 094 and 457) demonstrated a wide spectrum of inhibition and were thus selected for detailed investigations. All three selected isolates were able to inhibit the growth of E. coli and Salmonella species, although to variable extent. The nature of the inhibitory substance produced by the isolates TMU121 and 094 appeared to be associated with bacteriocin, as their activity was completely lost after treatment with proteolytic enzymes, while pH neutralization and catalase enzyme had no effect on the residual activity. In contrast, isolate TMU457 was able to resist the effect of proteolytic enzymes while pH neutralization completely destroyed its activity. Attempts were made to study the acid, bile tolerance and cell surface hydrophobicity of these isolates. TMU121 showed high bile salt tolerance (0.3%) and high cell surface hydrophobicity compared to the other two strains studied, while TMU094 appeared the most pH resistant strain. Based on these results, the three selected LAB isolates were considered as potential ingredients for a chicken probiotic feed formulation and were identified to species level based on their carbohydrate fermentation pattern by using API 50CH test kits. The three strains were identified as Lactobacillus fermentum TMU121, Lactobacillus rhamnosus TMU094, and Pediococcus pentosaceous TMU457.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.362-376
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• 2020

Rabbit meat bekasam is a traditional fermentation product from Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the chemical and microbiological characteristics of rabbit meat bekasam during the fermentation process in order to isolate, characterize (in vitro and in vivo), and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as the probiotic candidate. The chemical contents of bekasam on 7-day fermentation were investigated in explorative and experimental methods in a completely randomized design. A proximate analysis reported a decrease in the moisture content, fat and carbohydrate content, and an increase in protein content. Also, lactic acid content was increased from 0.48% to 1.12%, and pH was decreased from 5.3 to 4.3. Other properties indicated different values, such as bacteria (2.75×10⁶ to 4.45×10⁷ CFU/g), total LAB (3.82×10⁶ to 4.67×10⁸ CFU/g), total yeast (9.89×10⁶ to 3.82×10⁸ CFU/g) and total mould (4.34×10¹ to 4.86×10³ CFU/g). The experiment produced nine LAB isolates, including two probiotics subjected to further 16S rRNA gene analysis, which indicated that Lactobacillus buchneri was the potential probiotic isolate. After being tested on BALB/c mice, L. buchneri could improve the immune system by inhibiting the growth of Coliform and Salmonella.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.906-916
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• 2017

To investigate the effects of a single bacterium and a mixture of bacteria as probiotics in loperamide-treated animal models, loperamide (3 mg/kg) was administered to SD rats to induce constipation. The individual lactic acid bacterial doses, Enterococcus faecium (EF), Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA), Streptococcus thermophilus (ST), Bifidobacterium bifidum (BB), Bifidobacterium lactis (BL), Pediococcus pentosaceus (PP), and a mixture of the bacteria were orally administered to loperamide-induced constipated rats at a concentration of $10^8CFU/kg$ for 14 days. The weights and water contents of their stools were found to be significantly higher in PP, CKDB (mixture of 5 strains except PP), and CKDBP (CKDB+PP) groups than in the normal (constipation not induced) and the control (constipation-induced) groups (p<0.05). The intestinal transit ratio was significantly higher in all probiotic-treated groups than in the control group, and was the highest in the CKDBP group (p<0.05). The mucosal length and mucus secretion were significantly improved in all probiotic-treated-groups, as compared to that in the control group, and the CKDBP group was found to be the most effective according to immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and total short chain fatty acid content analysis (p<0.05). Lastly, PP, CKDB, and CKDBP showed relatively higher Lactobacillus sp. ratios of 61.94%, 60.31% and 51.94%, respectively, compared to the other groups, based on metagenomic analysis.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2023

프로바이오틱스는 다양한 환경에서 분리되어 왔으며, Bacillus 균주는 유산균과 같은 일반적인 프로바이오틱스의 한계를 보완할 수 있는 내생포자 형성 능력으로 인해 프로바이오틱스 균주 중에서 유리하다. 본 연구의 목적은 한국에서 오염되지 않은 환경으로 알려진 울릉도 토양에서 분리된 Bacillus 균주의 프로바이오틱스 잠재성을 조사하는 것이다. 토양 시료는 울릉도 각지에서 채취하였으며, 항생제 내성과 효소 활성을 평가하였다. 항생제에 내성을 나타내지 않는 6개의 Bacillus 균주를 확보하였고 이후에 효소 활성을 검사하였다. 인체에 악영향을 미칠 수 있는 β-glucuronidase 효소는 활성이 나타나지 않았으며, 시중에서 판매되고 있는 Bacillus 프로바이오틱스와 유사한 효소의 활성과, 추가적으로 펩타이드 가수분해효소인 Leucine arylamidase의 활성이 나타난 NB-1 균주가 확인되었다. 이에, 추가적인 효능 연구 및 안정성 실험을 통해 프로바이오틱스 균주로서의 가능성을 모색해야 할 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1209-1220
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• 2023

Objective: The use of probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics in animal feed has received considerable attention in recent decades. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have remarkable functional properties promoting host health and are major microorganisms for probiotic purposes. The aim of this study was to characterize LAB strains of the chicken digestive tract and to determine their functional properties for further use as potential probiotics in poultry. Methods: A total of 2,000 colonies were isolated from the ileum and cecal contents of the chickens based on their phenotypic profiles and followed by a preliminary detection for acid and bile tolerance. The selected 200 LAB isolates with exhibited well-tolerance in acid and bile conditions were then identified by sequencing the 16S rDNA gene, followed by acid and bile tolerance, antimicrobial activity, adhesion to epithelial cells and additional characteristics on the removal of cholesterol. Then, the two probiotic strains (L. ingluviei and L. salivarious) which showed the greatest advantage in vitro testing were selected to assess their efficacy in broiler chickens. Results: It was found that 200 LAB isolates that complied with all measurement criteria belonged to five strains, including L. acidophilus (63 colonies), L. ingluviei (2 colonies), L. reuteri (58 colonies), L. salivarius (72 colonies), and L. saerimneri (5 colonies). We found that the L. ingluviei and L. salivarius can increase the population of LAB and Bifidobacterium spp. while reducing Enterobacteria spp. and Escherichia coli in the cecal content of chickens. Additionally, increased concentrations of valeric acid and short chain fatty acids were also observed. Conclusion: This study indicates that all five Lactobacillus strains isolated from gut contents of chickens are safe and possess probiotic properties, especially L. ingluviei and L. salivarius. Future studies should evaluate the potential for growth improvement in broilers.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2008년도 International Meeting of the Microbiological Society of Korea
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• pp.101-102
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• 2008

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.761-765
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• 2009

The effects of probiotic bacteria on the functional properties of squid by-products were investigated during fermentation. Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Pediococcus acidilactici were used to ferment the squid by-products for 96 hr at $37^{\circ}C$. The numbers of all probiotics increased to $10^7-10^8$ CFU/g after 96 hr fermentation. No substantial pH changes were observed. L. rhamnosus and P. acidilactici showed the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) secreted from B cells increased after adding the extracts of probiotic-fermented squid by-products. The human NK cells were grown well in the B cell-growing broth cultured with the extracts of squid by-products fermented by L. rhamnosus and P. acidilactici. Trimethylamine (TMA) and dimethylamine (DMA) contents were significantly decreased after probiotic-fermentation. Therefore, L. rhamnosus GG and P. acidilactici can be used for the fermentation of squid by-products and their use would provide benefits in functional food products.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1535-1544
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 3년 이상 숙성된 재래식 된장으로부터 아민 산화 효소를 생산하는 프로바이오틱 바실러스균을 분리 동정하는 것이다. 시료로부터 분리된 바이오제닉 아민(biogenic amines, BA) 생성균은 Bacillus sp. TS09, Bacillus licheniformis TS17, Bacillus subtilis TS19, Bacillus cereus TS23, Bacillus sp. TS30, Bacillus megaterium TS31, B. subtilis TS44, Bacillus coagulans TS46 및 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TS59 등으로 동정되었다. 한편 동일한 시료로부터 분리된 B. subtilis TS04와 TS50은 인공 위액 및 담즙액에 대한 저항성, 장내 상피세포에 대한 부착능 및 BA 생성균(Bacillus sp. TS30 및 B. subtilis TS44)에 대한 박테리오신 생산 등의 프로바이오틱 활성을 나타내었다. 게다가 B. subtilis TS04와 TS50 균주가 생산한 아민 산화 효소에 의하여 카다베린, 푸트레신 및 티라민의 생성량을 감소시킬 수 있었으므로 이들은 BA 중독 위험을 낮출 수 있는 프로바이오틱스 소재로서의 활용 가치가 높을 것으로 판단된다.