• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.528-534
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 흑미 호분을 실험소재로 선택하여, 흑미 호분에 효소(lipase, lecitase, lipopan)를 처리함으로써 산화방지와 항염증활성을 증진하고자 하였다. 항산화 활성을 확인해보고자 DPPH 라디칼 제거능과 ABTS 라디칼 제거능을 실시하였다. 그 결과 효소 처리군이 무 처리군에 비해 산화방지 활성이 증가됨을 확인할 수 있었고, 특히 라이페이스를 처리한 후 추출한 시료에서 산화방지활성 증진이 가장 효과적이었다. 이것은 총 안토사이아노 사이드 함량 측정 결과와 일치한 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 산화방지 활성의 증가에서 라이페이스의 작용이 흑미 호분 겉면의 지방 분해를 도와 산화방지능과 관련된 유효성분들을 효과적으로 추출한 것으로 생각된다. 항염증 활성을 비교하기 위해서는 효소처리한 흑미 호분 추출물(OLAE)과 LPS를 함께 처리하여 RAW 264.7 세포가 생산하는 NO의 양과 염증성 사이토카인의 분비량을 측정해 보았다. 효소 처리를 한 경우, 라이페이스와 lecitase를 연이어 처리한 경우의 시료에서 NO의 생성이 억제되고, 염증성 사이토카인($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6)의 분비량이 감소됨을 확인하였다. 항염증 활성의 증진은 두 가지의 효소를 처리하는 과정 중에 일어나는 유효성분의 변화 또는 성분의 전환이 되었기 때문이라 여겨지며, 이를 확인하는 후속연구가 필요하다고 생각된다. 이상의 결과는 부산물로 버려지는 흑미 호분을 효소 처리 과정을 이용하여 만든 흑미 호분층 추출물(OLAE)로 활용하면 유용하고 안정하고 효과적인 산화방지 및 항염증 기능성 식품 소재 개발로 가능함을 제시할 수 있다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.152-161
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• 2021

Eisenia bicyclis is known to have secondary metabolites exhibiting various biological activities. In a preliminary study, the n-hexane fraction obtained from the ethanolic extract of E. bicyclis showed higher anti-inflammatory activity than the ethyl acetate and butyl alcohol fractions based on the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells. Using this fraction (E. bicyclis hexane fraction, EHF), we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Pretreatment of the cells with up to 50 ㎍/mL EHF significantly inhibited NO and prostaglandin E₂ production as well as their responsible enzyme proteins and mRNAs, in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Similarly, EHF markedly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α as well as their mRNA levels. Nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was strongly suppressed by EHF treatment. EHF significantly reduced the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt in LPS-stimulated cells. Moreover, EHF reduced ear edema in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced mice. These results indicate that EHF contains potent anti-inflammatory compounds, which may be used as a dietary supplement for the prevention of inflammatory diseases.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.81-82
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• 2003

Recent studies suggest that inflammatory events are implicated in a variaty of human diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have beneficial effects for the treatment or prevention of these disorders. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the rate-limiting enzyme in the prostaglandin(PG) synthesis, is induced by various pro-inflammatory stimuli including nitric oxide(NO) and has been reported to cause and/or aggravate neuronal cell death.(omitted)

• 약학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.456-461
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• 2011

The aim of the present study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of a Rice Bran Ethanol Extract (RBE). Inflammation, such as a bacterial infection in vivo metabolites, such as external stimuli or internal stimuli to the defense mechanisms of the biological tissue a variety of intracellular regulatory factors deulin inflammatory TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-8, such as proinflammatory cytokines, prostagrandin, lysosomal enzyme, free radicals are involved in a variety of mediators. The present study was designed to determine the effect of the RBE on pro-inflammatory factors such as NO, iNOS expression and TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages cells. The cell toxicity was determined by MTS assay. To evaluate of anti-inflammatory effect of RBE, amount of NO was measured using the NO detection kit and the iNOS expression was measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). And proinflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA kit. As a result, the RBE reduced NO, iNOS expression and TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 production without cytotoxicity. Our results suggest that the RBE may have an anti-inflammatory property through suppressing inflammatory mediator productions and appears to be useful as an anti-inflammatory material.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.395-402
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• 2020

This study has investigated the effect of a potent bioflavonoid, troxerutin, on diabetes-induced changes in pro-inflammatory mediators and expression of microRNA-146a and nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in aortic tissue of type-I diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6/each): healthy, healthy-troxerutin, diabetic, and diabetic-troxerutin. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection (60 mg/kg; intraperitoneally) and lasted 10 weeks. Troxerutin (150 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for last month of experiment. Inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), cyclooxygenase-II (COX-II), and inducible-nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured on aortic samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gene expressions for transcription factor NF-κB, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1), TNF receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6), and microRNA-146a were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Ten-week diabetes significantly increased mRNA levels of IRAK-1, TRAF-6, NF-κB, and protein levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM, and iNOS, COX-II, and decreased expression of microRNA-146a as compared with healthy rats (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01). However, one month treatment of diabetic rats with troxerutin restored glucose and insulin levels, significantly decreased expression of inflammatory genes and pro-inflammatory mediators and increased microRNA level in comparison to diabetic group (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01). In healthy rats, troxerutin had significant reducing effect only on NF-κB, TNF-α and COX-II levels (p < 0.05). Beside slight improvement of hyperglycemia, troxerutin prevented the activation of NF-κB-dependent inflammatory signaling in the aorta of diabetic rats, and this response may be regulated by microRNA-146a.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2012

Human skin is the first line of defense for the protection of the internal organs of the body from different stimuli. Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation induces skin damage and inflammation through the secretion of various cytokines, which are immune regulators produced by cells. To prevent the initiation of skin inflammation, keratinocytes that have been irreversibly damaged by radiation must be removed through the apoptotic mechanism. Ixeris dentata (family: Asteraceae) is a perennial medicinal herb indigenous to Korea. It has been used in Korea, China, and Japan to treat in digestion, pneumonia, diabetes, hepatitis, and tumors. To gain insight into the anti-inflammatory effects of I. dentata, we examined its influence on UVB-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), by observing cells that were stimulated with UVB in the presence or absence of I. dentata. In the present study, pro-inflammatory cytokine production was determined by performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis to measure the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs). I. dentata inhibited UVBinduced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 in a dose-dependent manner. Further, I. dentata inhibited the UVB-induced expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Furthermore, I. dentata inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 MAPKs, suggesting that it inhibits the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, and COX-2 expression, by blocking MAPK phosphorylation. These results suggest that I. dentate can potentially protect against UVB-induced skin inflammation.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.339-349
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• 2020

Objectives : Wiryeong-tang (WRT) is a traditional herbal medicine used to treat kidney-related diseases. However, the anti-inflammatory and anti-gastritis effect of Wiryeong-tang was not well known. Therefore, we experimented to confirmed the anti-inflammatory and anti-gastritis effects of Wiryeong-tang. Methods : The RAW 264.7 cells were pre treated with Wiryeong-tang mix soft extract (WRT-mse; 50, 100 and 200 ㎍/mL) for 1 hrs, and then incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 500 ng/mL). Cell viability was measured by the MTT method, and nitric oxide (NO) was measured with griess reagent. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For anti-gastritis effect in vivo, acute gastritis was induced using 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol used ICR mice. WRT-mse (133 mg/kg) was pre treated for 3 days and then treated with 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol 1 hrs later. Then gastritis was observed and inflammatory cytokines in the gastric tissue was measured. Results : The 8 marker components of the WRT-mse were determined by simultaneous analysis using HPLC. WRT-mse was not toxic and inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α at NO production, protein and mRNA levels. Also, it was confirmed that WRT-mse improved bleeding and edema in gastritis, and suppresses inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion : In summary, our results suggest that the treatment of the WRT-mse reduced and improved the 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol induced acute gastritis and the inflammation caused by LPS stimulation in RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, this study may provide useful drug or clinical evidence for WRT-mse to prevent inflammation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1390-1395
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• 2022

Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the sebaceous gland attached to the hair follicles. Cutibacterium acnes is a major cause of inflammation caused by acne. It is well known that C. acnes secretes a lipolytic enzyme to break down lipids in sebum, and free fatty acids produced at this time accelerate the inflammatory reaction. There are several drugs used to treat acne; however, each one has various side effects. According to previous studies, sulforaphene (SFEN) has several functions associated with lipid metabolism, brain function, and antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we examined the effects of SFEN on bacterial growth and inflammatory cytokine production induced by C. acnes. The results revealed that SFEN reduced the growth of C. acnes and inhibited proinflammatory cytokines in C. acnes-treated HaCaT keratinocytes through inhibiting NF-κB-related pathways. In addition, SFEN regulated the expression level of IL-1α, a representative pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed in co-cultured HaCaT keratinocytes and THP-1 monocytes induced by C. acnes. In conclusion, SFEN showed antibacterial activity against C. acnes and controlled the inflammatory response on keratinocytes and monocytes. This finding means that SFEN has potential as both a cosmetic material for acne prevention and a pharmaceutical material for acne treatment.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2019

The ethyl acetate fraction of Bat Faeces (Ye Ming Sha: natural products used in Chinese Medicine) after fermentation (EFBF-AF) showed enhanced anti-oxidative effects in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt assays. Fermentation of the Bat Faeces by using the crude enzyme extract from Aspergillus kawachii, significantly increased the anti-inflammatory effects. Fermented Bat Faeces markedly inhibited nitric oxide production, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The EFBF-AF reduced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) via $IKK{\alpha}$ and $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ phosphorylation, and decreased the phosphorylated the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and p38 expression in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, the EFBF-AF suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, such as interleukin-$1{\beta}$, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$. These results suggest that fermented Bat Faeces may suppress pro-inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages cells via ERK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathways.