Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2019.009

Fermentation enhances the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Bat Faeces (Ye Ming Sha) via the ERK, p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 cells  

Lee, Han-Saem (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine)
Chon, So-Hyun (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine)
Kim, Min-A (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine)
Park, Jeong-Eun (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine)
Lim, Yu-Mi (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine)
Kim, Eun-Jeong (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine)
Son, Eun-Kyung (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine)
Kim, Sang-Jun (Department of Natural Science, Republic of Korea Naval Academy)
So, Jai-Hyun (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine)
Publication Information
Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry / v.62, no.1, 2019 , pp. 57-66 More about this Journal
Abstract
The ethyl acetate fraction of Bat Faeces (Ye Ming Sha: natural products used in Chinese Medicine) after fermentation (EFBF-AF) showed enhanced anti-oxidative effects in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt assays. Fermentation of the Bat Faeces by using the crude enzyme extract from Aspergillus kawachii, significantly increased the anti-inflammatory effects. Fermented Bat Faeces markedly inhibited nitric oxide production, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The EFBF-AF reduced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) via $IKK{\alpha}$ and $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ phosphorylation, and decreased the phosphorylated the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and p38 expression in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, the EFBF-AF suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, such as interleukin-$1{\beta}$, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$. These results suggest that fermented Bat Faeces may suppress pro-inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages cells via ERK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathways.
Keywords
Anti-inflammatory effect; Antioxidative effect; Aspergillus kawachii; Bat Faeces; Fermentation; Vespertilio superans Thomas;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Suja KP, Jayalekshmy A, Arumughan C (2005) Antioxidant activity of sesame cake extract. Food Chem 91: 213-219   DOI
2 Reddy V, Urooj A, Kumar A (2005) Evaluation of antioxidant activity of some plant extracts and their application in biscuits. Food Chem 90: 317-321   DOI
3 Rhule A, Navarro S, Smith JR, Shepherd DM (2006) Panax notoginseng attenuates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 cells. J Ethnopharmacol 106: 121-128   DOI
4 Guha M, Mackman N (2001) LPS induction of gene expression in human monocytes. Cell. Signal 13: 85-94   DOI
5 Kim JB, Han AR, Park EY, Kim JY, Cho W, Lee J, Lee KT (2007) Inhibition of LPS-induced iNOS, COX-2 and cytokines expression by poncirin through the NF-${\kappa}B$ inactivation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Biol Pharm Bull 30:2345-2351   DOI
6 Liu SF, Malik AB (2006) NF-${\kappa}B$ activation as a pathological mechanism of septic shock and inflammation. Am J Physiol-Lung C 290: L622-L645   DOI
7 Cha BJ, Park JH, Shrestha S, Baek NI, Lee SM, Lee TH, Lee DY (2015) Glycosyl glycerides from hydroponic Panax ginseng inhibited NO production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. J Ginseng Res 39: 162-168   DOI
8 Cho W, Nam JW, Kang HJ, Windono T, Seo EK, Lee KT (2009) Zedoarondiol isolated from the rhizoma of Curcuma heyneana is involved in the inhibition of iNOS, COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines via the downregulation of NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 9: 1049-1057   DOI
9 Kim KN, Heo SJ, Yoon WJ, Kang SM, Ahn G, Yi TH, Jeon YJ (2010) Fucoxanthin inhibits the inflammatory response by suppressing the activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ and MAPKs in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Eur J pharmacol 649: 369-375   DOI
10 McFeeters RF (2004) Fermentation microorganisms and flavor changes in fermented foods. J Food Sci 69: 35-37   DOI
11 Kim SI, Kim JE, So JH, Rhee IK, Chung SK, Lee KB, Song KS (2004) Changes in chemical composition and biological activities of oriental crude drugs by food processing techniques (I)-changes in liquiritigenin contents in licorice extract treated by crude enzyme extract from Aspergillus kawachii. Kor J Pharmacogn 35: 309-314
12 Yang EJ, Kim SI, Park SY, Bang HY, Jeong JH, So JH, Song KS (2012) Fermentation enhances the in vitro antioxidative effect of onion (Allium cepa) via an increase in quercetin content. Food Chem Toxicol 50: 2042-2048   DOI
13 Yoshiki Y, Kahara T, Okubo K, Sakabe T, Yamasaki T (2001) Superoxideand 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activities of soyasaponin ${\beta}$ grelated to gallic acid. Biosci Biotech Bioch 65: 2162-2165   DOI
14 Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice-Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Bio Med 26: 1231-1237   DOI
15 Ranneh Y, Ali F, Al-Qubaisi M, Esa NM, Ismail A (2016) The inhibitory activity of cocoa phenolic extract against pro-inflammatory mediators secretion induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 cells. SpringerPlus 5: 547   DOI
16 Gotoh T, Mori M (1999) Arginase II downregulates nitric oxide (NO) production and prevents NO-mediated apoptosis in murine macrophagederived RAW 264.7 cells. J Cell Biol 144: 427-434   DOI
17 Heo SJ, Yoon WJ, Kim KN, Ahn GN, Kang SM, Kang DH, Jeon YJ (2010) Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect of fucoxanthin isolated from brown algae in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food Chem Toxicol 48: 2045-2051   DOI
18 Finkel T, Holbrook NJ (2000) Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing. Nature 408: 239-247   DOI
19 Floegel A, Kim DO, Chung SJ, Koo SI, Chun OK (2011) Comparison of ABTS/DPPH assays to measure antioxidant capacity in popular antioxidant-rich US foods. J Food Compos Anal 24: 1043-1048   DOI
20 Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset CLWT (1995) Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food Sci Technol 28: 25-30   DOI
21 Kim JW, Kim C (2005) Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production by taurine chloramine in macrophages is mediated though Ras-ERK-NF-${\kappa}B$. Biochem pharmacol 70: 1352-1360   DOI
22 Surh YJ, Chun KS, Cha HH, Han SS, Keum YS, Park KK, Lee SS (2001) Molecular mechanisms underlying chemopreventive activities of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals: down-regulation of COX-2 and iNOS through suppression of NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. Mutat Res-Fund Mol M 480: 243-268
23 Han M, Wen JK, Zheng B, Zhang DQ (2004) Acetylbritannilatone suppresses NO and PGE 2 synthesis in RAW 264.7 macrophages through the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 gene expression. Life Sci 75: 675-684   DOI
24 Hanada T, Yoshimura A (2002) Regulation of cytokine signaling and inflammation. Cytokine Growth F R 13: 413-421   DOI
25 Chen JC, Huang KC, Lin WW (2006) HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors upregulate heme oxygenase-1 expression in murine RAW264.7 macrophages via ERK, p38 MAPK and protein kinase G pathways. Cellular signaling 18: 32-39   DOI
26 Haversen L, Ohlsson BG, Hahn-Zoric M, Hanson LA, Mattsby-Baltzer I (2002) Lactoferrin down-regulates the LPS-induced cytokine production in monocytic cells via NF-${\kappa}B$. Cell Immunol 220: 83-95   DOI
27 Yun KJ, Kim JY, Kim JB, Lee KW, Jeong SY, Park HJ, Lee KT (2008) Inhibition of LPS-induced NO and PGE 2 production by asiatic acid via NF-${\kappa}B$ inactivation in RAW 264.7 macrophages: possible involvement of the IKK and MAPK pathways. Int. Immunopharmacol 8: 431-441   DOI
28 Sung MJ, Davaatseren M, Kim W, Park SK, Kim SH, Hur HJ, Kwon DY (2009) Vitisin A suppresses LPS-induced NO production by inhibiting ERK, p38, and NF-${\kappa}B$ activation in RAW 264.7 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 9: 319-323   DOI
29 Oh WJ, Jung U, Eom HS, Shin HJ, Park HR (2013) Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory responses by Buddleja officinalis extract in BV-2 microglial cells via negative regulation of NF-${\kappa}B$ and ERK1/2 signaling. Molecules 18: 9195-9206   DOI
30 An H, Yu Y, Zhang M, Xu H, Qi R, Yan X, Qin Z (2002) Involvement of ERK, p38 and NFeB signal transduction in regulation of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 gene expression induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse dendritic cells. Immunology 106: 38-45   DOI
31 Kim YS, Ahn CB, Je JY (2016) Anti-inflammatory action of high molecular weight Mytilus edulis hydrolysates fraction in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage via NF-${\kappa}B$ and MAPK pathways. Food Chem 202: 9-14   DOI
32 Riccucci M (2012) Bats as materia medica: an ethnomedical review and implications for conservation. Vespertillio 16: 249-270
33 Choe E, Min DB (2005) Chemistry and reactions of reactive oxygen species in foods. J Food Sci 70: R142-R159   DOI
34 Li SX, Deng NS (2003) Speciation analysis of iron in traditional Chinese medicine by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. J Pharmaceut Biomed 32: 51-57   DOI
35 Guo Y, Zou X, Chen Y, Wang D, Wang S (1997) Sustainability of wildlife use in raditional Chinese medicine. Conserving China's Biodiversity 190-220