Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry

The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry (한국응용생명화학회)
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Fermentation enhances the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Bat Faeces (Ye Ming Sha) via the ERK, p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 cells

  • Lee, Han-Saem (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Chon, So-Hyun (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Min-A (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Park, Jeong-Eun (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Lim, Yu-Mi (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Eun-Jeong (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Son, Eun-Kyung (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Sang-Jun (Department of Natural Science, Republic of Korea Naval Academy) ;
  • So, Jai-Hyun (National Development Institute of Korean Medicine)
  • Received : 2018.12.03
  • Accepted : 2019.01.14
  • Published : 2019.03.31
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Abstract

The ethyl acetate fraction of Bat Faeces (Ye Ming Sha: natural products used in Chinese Medicine) after fermentation (EFBF-AF) showed enhanced anti-oxidative effects in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt assays. Fermentation of the Bat Faeces by using the crude enzyme extract from Aspergillus kawachii, significantly increased the anti-inflammatory effects. Fermented Bat Faeces markedly inhibited nitric oxide production, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The EFBF-AF reduced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) via $IKK{\alpha}$ and $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ phosphorylation, and decreased the phosphorylated the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and p38 expression in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, the EFBF-AF suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, such as interleukin-$1{\beta}$, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$. These results suggest that fermented Bat Faeces may suppress pro-inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages cells via ERK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathways.

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