• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.773-782
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• 2014

The general path model (GPM) is one approach for performing degradation-based, or Type III, prognostics. The GPM fits a parametric function to the collected observations of a prognostic parameter and extrapolates the fit to a failure threshold. This approach has been successfully applied to a variety of systems when a sufficient number of prognostic parameter observations are available. However, the parametric fit can suffer significantly when few data are available or the data are very noisy. In these instances, it is beneficial to include additional information to influence the fit to conform to a prior belief about the evolution of system degradation. Bayesian statistical approaches have been proposed to include prior information in the form of distributions of expected model parameters. This requires a number of run-to-failure cases with tracked prognostic parameters; these data may not be readily available for many systems. Reliability information and stressor-based (Type I and Type II, respectively) prognostic estimates can provide the necessary prior belief for the GPM. This article presents the Bayesian updating framework to include prior information in the GPM and compares the efficacy of including different information sources on two data sets.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.952-961
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to examine the effects of consumer beliefs regarding three food certifications on their behavioral intention and the behavioral intention biases to purchase (purchasing intention biases) certified agricultural products as predicted by a subjective probability model. The food certifications used for this study are 'Organic food', 'Traceability system of food products,' and 'Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)'. Tofu (bean curd) was selected as being representative of agricultural food products, for the purposes of this study. In 2016, we surveyed 243 consumers regarding the strength of their belief regarding their prior beliefs relative to each certification, as well as the strength of their intention to purchase certified tofu based on their belief strengths for this study. The study resulted in the following findings: Firstly, consumers hold more than two different prior beliefs for each of the three certifications included in this study. Consumers' prior beliefs regarding these certifications have an impact on their consideration as to whether they plan to buy those certified agricultural products. Secondly, consumers try to persuade themselves to ensure that their particular belief about the product's certification could lead to a purchasing decision regarding that agricultural product.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2005

이 연구에서는 초등학교 6학년을 대상으로 변인통제 능력이 요구되는 문제해결 과정에서 실험설계와 증거제시의 특성 및 어려움을 분석하였다. 연구 결과 변인통제 문제 해결 과정에서의 실험설계 유형은 원인 변인과 통제 변인의 통제나 변화 여부에 따라 통제변인변화형, 원인변인통제형, 완전변인통제형, 불완전변인통제형, 모든변인변화형으로 구분되었으며, 실험설계 과정에서 선행신념에 포함된 원인 변인값을 포함시키려는 경향이 강하게 나타났다. 결론에 대한 증거제시 사례를 분석한 결과 원인변인의 변화 여부, 통제변인 통제 여부, 실험결과와 결론의 일치 여부에 따라 완전변인통제형, 원인변인통제형, 원인변인변화형으로 구분되었으며, 원인변인통제형이 가장 빈도가 높았다. 실험설계에 비해서 증거제시에서의 변인통제 정도는 훨씬 낮았는데, 이는 선행신념에 포함된 원인 변인값에 집착한 증거제시, 증거 실험에서의 실험 결과와 선행 신념의 불일치, 다중변인과제에 대한 잘못된 선입견 때문인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 선행신념을 극복할 수 있고, 탐구 과정 요소의 특성이 반영된 다양한 변인통제 발달 프로그램이 개발되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제40권3_4호
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• pp.515-530
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• 2022

A factor graph and belief propagation can be used for finding stochastic values of link weights in biological networks. However it is not easy to follow the process of use and so we presented the process with a toy network of three nodes in our prior work. We extend this work more generally and present numerical example for a network of 100 nodes.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.4405-4418
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• 2016

Automatic image completion techniques have difficulty processing images in which the target region has multiple planes or is non-facade. Here, we propose a new image completion method that uses belief propagation based on planar priorities. We first calculate planar information, which includes planar projection parameters, plane segments, and repetitive regularity extractions within the plane. Next, we convert this planar information into planar guide knowledge using the prior probabilities of patch transforms and offsets. Using the energy of the discrete Markov Random Field (MRF), we then define an objective function for image completion that uses the planar guide knowledge. Finally, in order to effectively optimize the MRF, we propose a new optimization scheme, termed Planar Priority-belief propagation that includes message-scheduling-based planar priority and dynamic label cropping. The results of experiment show that our approach exhibits advanced performance compared with existing approaches.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.315-327
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• 2021

The Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) models have drawn considerable attention in recent econometrics literature because of their capability to model the spatial spill overs in a feasible way. While considering the Bayesian analysis of these models, one may face the problem of lack of robustness with respect to underlying prior assumptions. The generalized Bayes estimators provide a viable alternative to incorporate prior belief and are more robust with respect to underlying prior assumptions. The present paper considers the SAR model with a set of linear restrictions binding the regression coefficients and derives restricted generalized Bayes estimator for the coefficients vector. The minimaxity of the restricted generalized Bayes estimator has been established. Using a simulation study, it has been demonstrated that the estimator dominates the restricted least squares as well as restricted Stein rule estimators.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2007

재난 신화란 "과학적으로 실시된 연구 결과를 통해서 잘못이라고 입증된, 재난 발생시 인간 행동에 관한 믿음"으로서, 이제까지 재난 연구자들은 무수한 재난 신화를 발견하였다. 491명을 대상으로 한 조사 결과를 보면, 우리나라에서도 공포, 약탈, 범죄, 대피, 무력감 등의 재난 신화에 대한 믿음이 널리 퍼져있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 약탈을 제외하고 공무원들은 일반인들보다는 재난 신화를 믿는 비율이 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 여성은 공포와 대피 신화를 믿는 비율이 높았고, 연령별로는 노인층이 대피와 무력 신화, 20대와 30대는 약탈 신화를 믿는 퍼센트가 높게 나타났으며, 방재 관련 부서에 근무한 경험이 있는 공무원들이 그렇지 않은 공무원들보다 공포, 약탈, 범죄 신화에 관한 믿음이 낮을 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 결과는 효과적인 재난 계획을 수립하기 위해서는 재난 신화에 대한 연구가 선행 될 필요가 있음을 보여주고 있다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.70-82
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to systematically clarify and enhance the understanding of osteoporosis prevention interventions based on Health Belief Model (HBM). The analysis includes HBM constructs, intervention characteristics, and outcomes from prior studies. Methods: We extensively searched eight electronic databases to identify peer-reviewed studies that implemented HBM-based interventions for osteoporosis prevention until June 2023. Results: Initially, 638 articles were identified, and after a rigorous evaluation process, 11 articles were included in the evidence synthesis. The analysis revealed that HBM-based interventions significantly improved likelihood of taking action including knowledge, HBM constructs and adopting preventive behaviors such as calcium intake and exercise. However, most interventions included in this study did not fully encompass all five HBM constructs or specify the particular components adopted. Conclusion: There is a need for additional research and intervention refinement for a more comprehensive understanding of osteoporosis preventive interventions. This should involve a concerted effort to incorporate all HBM constructs into the context of osteoporosis prevention. Thus, more effective interventions promoting optimal preventive behaviors and reducing the burden of osteoporosis can be developed.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.45-68
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• 2002

Technology adoption for information appliance, which is expected to grow rapidly in the near future, is different from other technologies in that it is mainly used in the home environment when the customers haven't experienced it before. This paper finds important variables from prior research about technology adoption and develops a measurement model that fits for the information appliance. Pretest and pilot studies for the model is conducted in order to guarantee content validity, reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity. Finally, LISREL analysis is used for finding out the causality among variables and testing for model fitness. The results indicate that three factors that influence behavioral intention are attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control. Attitude is influenced by attitudinal belief, which consists of perceived usefulness, trialability, result demonstrability, image and enjoyment. Perceived behavioral control is influenced by control belief that consists of rapid change in technology, cost and ease of use. This paper ends with implications and limitations of study results.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2011

Objective : Contrary to some clinical belief, there were quite a few studies regarding animal models of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) $in$ $vivo$ suggesting that prior use of statins may improve outcome after ICH. This study reports the effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitor, simvastatin given before experimental ICH. Methods : Fifty-one rats were subjected to collagenase-induced ICH, subdivided in 3 groups according to simvastatin treatment modality, and behavioral tests were done. Hematoma volume, brain water content and hemispheric atrophy were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining for microglia (OX-42) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was performed and caspase-3 activity was also measured. Results : Pre-simvastatin therapy decreased inflammatory reaction and perihematomal cell death, but resulted in no significant reduction of brain edema and no eNOS expression in the perihematomal region. Finally, prior use of simvastatin showed less significant improvement of neurological outcome after experimental ICH when compared to post-simvastatin therapy. Conclusion : The present study suggests that statins therapy after ICH improves neurological outcome, but prior use of statins before ICH might provide only histological improvement, providing no significant impact on neurological outcome against ICH.