• Title/Summary/Keyword: principle component

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Intraspecies Volatile Interactions Affect Growth Rates and Exometabolomes in Aspergillus oryzae KCCM 60345

  • Singh, Digar;Lee, Choong Hwan
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.199-209
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    • 2018
  • Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are increasingly been recognized as the chemical mediators of mold interactions, shaping their community dynamics, growth, and metabolism. Herein, we selectively examined the time-correlated (0 D-11 D, where D = incubation days) effects of intraspecies VOC-mediated interactions (VMI) on Aspergillus oryzae KCCM 60345 (S1), following co-cultivation with partner strain A. oryzae KACC 44967 (S2), in a specially designed twin plate assembly. The comparative evaluation of $S1_{VMI}$ (S1 subjected to VMI with S2) and its control ($S1_{Con}$) showed a notable disparity in their radial growth ($S1_{VMI}$ < $S1_{Con}$) at 5 D, protease activity ($S1_{VMI}$ > $S1_{Con}$) at 3-5 D, amylase activity ($S1_{VMI}$ < $S1_{Con}$) at 3-5 D, and antioxidant levels ($S1_{VMI}$ > $S1_{Con}$) at 3 D. Furthermore, we observed a distinct clustering pattern for gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry datasets from 5 D extracts of $S1_{VMI}$ and $S1_{Con}$ in principle component analysis (PC1: 30.85%; PC2: 10.31%) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) (PLS1: 30.77; PLS2: 10.15%). Overall, 43 significantly discriminant metabolites were determined for engendering the metabolic variance based on the PLS-DA model (VIP > 0.7, p < 0.05). In general, a marked disparity in the relative abundance of amino acids ($S1_{VMI}$ > $S1_{Con}$) at 5 D, organic acids ($S1_{VMI}$ > $S1_{Con}$) at 5 D, and kojic acid ($S1_{VMI}$ < $S1_{Con}$) at 5-7 D were observed. Examining the headspace VOCs shared between S1 and S2 in the twin plate for 5 D incubated samples, we observed the relatively higher abundance of C-8 VOCs (1-octen-3-ol, (5Z)-octa-1,5-dien-3-ol, 3-octanone, 1-octen-3-ol acetate) having known semiochemical functions. The present study potentially illuminates the effects of VMI on commercially important A. oryzae's growth and biochemical phenotypes with subtle details of altered metabolomes.

Perception toward Happiness and Department Satisfaction in Nursing Students (간호대학생의 행복 인식과 학과만족도)

  • Kwon, Hyuk-Mi;Han, Hye-Sook
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.527-536
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    • 2018
  • This study was conducted to classify the factors influencing nursing students' subjectivity toward happiness and to identify differences in department satisfaction according to happiness factors. Q-methodology, which is effective at studying human subjectivity, was employed. Sixty-four students were asked to sort the 34 Q-statements along a 9-point scale ranging from most disagree (-4) to most agree (+4). The Q-sorts were analyzed using pc-QUNAL program, which subjects the data to principle component factor analysis, followed by varimax rotation. Moreover, the data were collected using a questionnaire that consisted of 27 questions pertaining to department satisfaction and analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 program. The result was classified into four factors that explained 58.0% of the total variance. Factor 1 was a progressive self-realization type, factor 2 an isolated flow type, factor 3 an optimistic friendly type, and factor 4 a self-centered relationship seeking type. Moreover, there was a significant difference in department satisfaction according to happiness factors (F=4.53, p=.006). To enhance department satisfaction and nursing professionalism, education and counseling in consideration of these types are needed.

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Satisfaction with Care EORTC-in-patsat32 Questionnaire among Iranian Cancer Patients

  • Pishkuhi, Mahin Ahmadi;Salmaniyan, Soraya;Nedjat, Saharnaz;Zendedel, Kazem;Lari, Mohsen Asadi
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.23
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    • pp.10121-10128
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    • 2015
  • Background: Cancers impose an increasing burden on health of the populations and individuals, but little is known about cancer patient satisfaction with care. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) In-Patsat32, as a recently developed questionnaire to assess cancer patient satisfaction with care and information provided during hospital admission. Materials and Methods: Complying with EORTC protocols, the Persian version of Inpatsat32 was translated and piloted in a small group of patients, then applied to 380 cancer patients admitted to different oncology wards in Tehran. Validity (convergent, discriminant, and divergent) and reliability of the tool was assessed through using multitrait analysis, factor analysis, intraclass correlations, Chronbach's alpha and test-retest (on a sample of 70 patients). Results: Good acceptance and high sensitivity of the questionnaire with low floor and ceiling effects were recognized, indicating power of the instrument to detect differences between groups with heterogeneous levels of satisfaction. Multitrait scaling analyses supported the convergent validity of the majority of scales (correlation coefficient >0.4) and favorable discriminant validity (item own scale correlation >0.8). There was no correlation between In-patsat32 scales and the EORTC-C30, which measures different concepts, confirming divergent validity of the tool. Internal consistency for all domains was high (${\alpha}$ >0.70) except for the hospital access score and the test-retest reliability was excellent (r=0.86-0.96). There was a weak responsiveness to change except for nurses technical skills. Principle component analysis confirmed five domains with much improved internal consistency (${\alpha}$ >0.9). Conclusions: The Persian version of the EORTC-in-patsat32 module is a reliable and valid instrument to measure cancer patient satisfaction with care received during their hospitalization period and can be utilized in clinical cancer research.

Korean Customer Attitudes Towards SNS Shopping

  • Cho, Young-Sang;Heo, Jeong-Yoon;Youn, Myoung-Kil
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.10 no.8
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    • pp.7-14
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    • 2012
  • As a new format of retailing, social shopping on SNS has rapidly grown in recent. Although there is much literature associated with customer behaviours in the academic world, little attention has been paid to identifying the shopping patterns of SNS shoppers. This paper will, thus, identify how perceived value has an impact on the buying intention of SNS shoppers, after illustrating what kind of factor influences the formation process of perceived value in the Korean marketplace. Given that SNS shoppers are for the most part 20s as well as 30s, the authors handed out questionnaires to them. Furthermore, based on literature review results, the conceptualised research model was developed. Despite lack of literature, the authors developed five constructs like price reduction, quantity- and time-limited message, product ranges, information-sharing, and required number of shoppers. The researchers made a considerable effort to identify the relationship between research concepts and each variable, based on a few research analysis methods such as frequency analysis, the Varimax rotation technique used orthogonal rotation, Cronbach's Alpha, PCA (Principle Component Analysis), and the like. Amongst the 5 variables used to measure the degree of influences on the perceived value as a social shopping characteristic, it has been evident that price cut, required minimum shoppers, product variety, and information-sharing have a positive impact on the perceived value formation processes of SNS customers. Also, this research implies that SNS retailers can differentiate themselves from other retailers by differently using the above factors. From a practitioner's point of view, these factors should be strategically used to increase the social shopping opportunities of SNS users. It is, furthermore, evident that the perceived value formed by the above 4 factors have played an important role in the buying decision process of SNS customers. In a sense, whether customers are aware of higher price cut rates, information-sharing, required minimum shoppers, and product variety has a positive impact on making buying decisions. From a retailer's point of view, online shopping mall operators are able to use blog as well as twitter to improve the buying intention as a marketing tool of social network, because the business activities provided by social shopping retailers, like the rapid, accurate responses to customer requirements, the provision of a variety of information, and the communications between customers are closely related to buying intentions. There are a few research limitations to conduct this empirical research. It was not easy to review prior papers, due to its lack. In spite of the increasing number of SNS shoppers in Korea, little research attention has been paid to this kind of research topic by academicians, because buying products or services through SNS is in its infancy. With regard to research populations, it would be difficult to generalise the research findings in Korea, owing to unbalanced respondent distribution. Considering the above research limitations as well as the growth of social shopping, many authors should pay considerable attention to SNS-related issues in the future, and develop the more sophisticated criteria to measure the characteristics of SNS shoppers.

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The Origin, Change, and Composition of Soeumin's Bojungikgi-tang (소음인(少陰人) 보중익기탕(補中益氣湯)의 기원, 변천과정 및 구성 원리)

  • Song, Eun-Young;Lee, Eui-Ju;Lee, Jun-Hee;Koh, Byung-Hee
    • Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2012
  • 1. Objective : The purpose of this study is to understand the origin, changes and composition of Soeumin's Bojungikgi-tang. 2. Methods : 1) Analyzed the context of the progressive transformation of soeumin's Bojungikgi-tang in related passages from "Donguibogam (東醫寶鑑)", "Donguisusebowon Chobongwon (東醫壽世保元 草本卷)", "Donguisusebowon Gabobon (東醫壽世保元 甲午 本)", "Donguisusebowon Sinchukbon (東醫壽世保元 辛丑本)", "Dongmuyugo (東武遺稿)" 2) Examined the differences between the utilization of Soeumin's Bojungikgi-tang in pre-existing manuscripts according to pathological pattern and more specifically at a pathological stage. 3) Analyzed the total primary effect of the herbs as a prescriptive category, as well as the herbal properties of each component. 3. Results and Conclusions : 1) Originally Dongwon's Bojungikgi-tang was prescribed as a stomach & spleen organ tonifying medicine so it was easily applied and established as a prescription appropriate for Soeumin constitutional types with a weaker spleen organ. 2) From Gabobon(甲午本), Soeumin's Bojungikgi-tang was modified, excluding Bupleurum falcatum(柴胡), Cimicifuga heracleifolia (升麻) and substituting Teucrium chamaedrys(藿香), Ophiopogon japonicus(蘇葉) which are herbs appropriate for the Soeumin constitutional type. 3) In the Gabobon(甲午本), the Gegi-tang which has yang raising properties is included in the Soeumin's Bojungikgi-tang. In Sinchukbon(辛丑本), the Gegi-tang of the Soeumin's Bojungikgi-tang in the Gabobon was excluded and the Gegi-tang mutated into Hwangigyeji-tang. 4) In the Gabobon(甲午本), as the Soeumin's Bojungikgi-tang was prescribed for Soeumin disease regardless of favorable-unfavorable patterns and mild-severe patterns, the stage of the disease when to prescribe Soeumin's Bojungikgi-tang was not clarified. 5) As of the Sinchukbon(辛丑本) edition, as Soeumin's prescriptions have been obvious, the soeumin's Bojungikgi-tang was applied to Mang-yang disease with Hwangigyeji-tang and Seungyangikki-tang 6) As of the Sinchukbon(辛丑本) edition, the Soeumin's Bojungikgi-tang has been applied to parients having both exterior-heat Mang-yang disease and Greater-yin disease, at the same time. 7) As of the Sinchukbon(辛丑本) edition, finally, the Soeumin's Bojungikgi-tang formula has been established as gathering Qi and middle tonification with Panax ginseng(人蔘), Astragalus membranaceus(黃芪), keeping the spleen healthy with Artractylodes japonica(白朮), keeping the spleen strong with Angelica acutiloba(當歸), rooting the spleen with Citrus reticulata(陳皮), raising Yang and middle jiao with Teucrium chamaedrys(藿香), Ophiopogon japonicus(蘇葉), middle tonification with Glycyrrhiza glabra(甘草灸), Zingiber officinale(生薑), Zizyphus jujuba(大棗).

Effect of Eff Component on Stability of IgY Antibody Acitivity to In Vitro Digestion (In Vitro 소화시 lgy항체 활성의 안정성에 대한 계란 성분의 효과)

  • 이승배;최석호
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.303-310
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    • 2000
  • In vitro 소화시 계란 성분이 anti-Y ruckeri IgY 항세 활성을 안정화시키는데 어떡해 관여하는지를 SDS-PAGE와 ELISA로 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. Anti-Y ruckeris IgY 항체와 난황 및 난백으로 혼합 후 펩신으로소화시킨 후 경우 1시간 후 난황 및 난백이 혼합된 시료에서 모두 anti-Y ruckeri IgY 항체의 heavy chain과 light chain이 분해는 되었지만 어느 정도 밴드를 관찰할 수있었으며, anti-Y, ruckeri IgY 항체 활성 측정한 결과 난황시료는 35%, 난백시료는 61%의 항체 활성을 유지시켰다. Anti-Y ruckeri IgY 항체와 오보알부민, 오보뮤우신, 라이소자임 및 오보뮤코이드를 혼합 한 후 펩신으로 소화시킨 경우 1시간 우에는 anti-Y, ruckeri IgY항체의 heavy chain의 밴드르 fdjsm 정도 볼 수 있는 형태로 나타났으며, anti-Y, ruckeri IgY 항체의 light chain는 오보뮤우신 및 오보뮤코이드가 홉합되어 펩신으로 소화시킨 경우 1시간 후에는 밴드를 거의 볼수 없었으나 오보알부민 오보트란스훼린 및 라이소자임에 혼합된 시료에서 밴드를 관찰할수 있었다. 특히 라이소자임과 오보트란스훼린의 경우 펩신 호화 2시간 우에도 anti-Y, ruckeri IgY 항체의 light 밴드가 관찰되었다. 펩신소화 1시간 후에 난백성분이오보알부민, 오보뮤우신, 라이소자임, 오보트란스웨린 및 오부뮤코이드 중에서 단지 오보트란스훼린만이 38%의 anti-Y, ruckeri IgY 항체 활서을 보인후 2시간 후에도 15% 정동의 활성을 나타내었다. anti-Y, ruckeri IgY항체와 난백 및 전란을 혼합한 다음 무지개송어 위 추출액으로 소화시 2시간 후에 난백은 14%, 전란은 69%로 anti-Y, ruckeri IgY 항체 활성을 유지시킨 것으로 나타났다.X> $e_{I}$ WPi_BE_QE]]]]]로 상징하며 WLWQ에 적용되는 몇 가지 제약을 관찰하고 이를 일반적인 언어원리로 설명한다. 첫째, XP는 주어로만 해석되는데 그 이유는 XP가 목적어 혹은 부가어 등 다른 기능을 할 경우 생략 부위가 생략의 복원 가능선 원리 (the deletion-up-to recoverability principle)를 위배하기 때문이다. 둘째, WLWQ가 내용 의문문으로만 해석되는데 그 이유는 양의 공리(the maxim of quantity: Grice 1975) 때문이다. 평서문으로 해석될 경우 WP에 들어갈 부분이 XP의 자질의 부분집합에 불과하므로 명제가 아무런 정보제공을 하지 못한다. 반면 의문문 자체는 정보제공을 추구하지 않으므로 앞에서 언급한 양의 공리로부터 자유롭다. 셋째, WLWQ의 XP는 주제어 표지 ‘는/-은’을 취하나 주어표지 ‘가/-이’는 취하지 못한다(XP-는/-은 vs. XP-가/-이). 이는 IP내부 에 비공범주의 존재 여부에 따라 C의 음운형태(PF)가 시성이 정해진다는 가설로 설명하고자 했다. WLWQ에 대한 우리의 논의가 옳다면, 본 논문은 다음과 같은 이론적 함의를 기닌다. 첫째, WLWQ의 존재는 생략에 대한 두 이론 즉 LF 복사 이론과 PF 삭제 이론 중 전자의 입장을 지지한다. 둘째, WP를 XP로부터 복원할 때 부분 자질만 복사된다. 이는 어휘가 통사층위로 들어온 이후에도 어휘 자질들이 완전히 동결되는 것이 아니라 계속 지시될 수 있다는 가설을 지지한다.

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Effect of Postmortem Metabolic Rate on Meat Color

  • Park, B.Y.;Lee, J.M.;Hwang, I.H.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.598-604
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    • 2007
  • The current study was conducted to evaluate carcass characteristics, objectives and sensory meat qualities of Hanwoo longissimus muscle as affected by ultimate pH. Twenty-four steers and bulls ($556{\pm}53$ kg and $0.63{\pm}0.32$cm for live weight and backfat thickness, respectively) were used. As there was a linear relationship (r = 0.77) between lean meat color and ultimate pH, cattles were thus segregated into normal $pH{\leq}5.8$, Normal, n = 13) and DFD (pH>5.8, n = 11) groups. Normal pH group had significantly (p<0.05) higher carcass weight, marbling score and backfat thickness than those for high pH group, while fat color and lean meat color were inverse. In principle component analysis for co-ordinates of DFD and normal meats, fat color, lean meat color, texture, time to pH 6.2 and pH at 24 h postmortem were associated with the positive range of the first factor (67.5%) while backfat thickness marbling score and temperature at 24 h were placed in negative values. The rate constant of decline in pH (pH k) did not differ between the two groups, implying that initial pH (i.e., pH at slaughtering) differed between two groups. Contour mapping of pH k between pH at 1 and 24 h postmortem indicated that high pH k was related to lower pHs at 1 and 24 h postmortem. This suggested that the high pH cattles (i.e., DFD cattle) resulted from their own potential. Although the time to reach pH 6.2 was significantly (p<0.05) shorter for normal meat (i.e., 3.2 h) than that for DFD one (i.e., 19.8 h), there were no significantly differences in both WB-shear force and sensory attributes. Given that the experimental animals were sampled from a similar group, which implies a similar myoglobin pigment content, the current data suggested that pre- and post-slaughter animal handling likely had a significant effect on ultimate pH and consequently meat color of Hanwoo longissimus muscle, and also small animals with lower marbling score and backfat thickness had a higher risk for DFD meat.

Single Oral Dose Toxicity Study of Aqueous Extracts of Binso-san in ICR Mice

  • Park, Kyung;Kim, Dae-Jun;Byun, Joon-Seok
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.134-142
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    • 2010
  • Although BinSo-San(BSS), a mixed herbal formula consisted of 11 types of medicinal herbs and have been used as anti-inflammatory agent, In the present study, the acute toxicity (single oral dose toxicity) of lyophilized BSS aqueous extracts was monitored in male and female mice after oral administration according to Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) Guidelines (2005-60, 2005). In order to observe the 50% lethal dose ($LD_{50}$), approximate lethal dosage (ALD), maximum tolerance dosage (MTD) and target organs, test articles were once orally administered to female and male ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 500, 250 and 0 (control) mg/kg (body wt.) according to the recommendation of KFDA Guidelines (2005-60, 2005). The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after dosing according to KFDA Guidelines (2005-60, 2005) with organ weight and histopathology of 12 types of principle organs. We could not find any mortality, clinical signs and changes in the body weights except for dose-independent increases of body weight and gains restricted in 1000 mg/kg of BSS extracts-dosing female group. Hypertrophic changes of lymphoid organs.thymus, spleen and popliteal lymph nodes were detectedat postmortem observation with BSS extracts dose-dependent increases of lymphoid organ weights, and hyperplasia of lymphoid cells in these all three lymphoid organs at histopathological observations. These changes are considered as results of pharmacological effects of BSS extracts or their components, immunomodulating effects, not toxicological signs. In addition, some sporadic accidental findings such as congestion spots, cyst formation in kidney, atrophy of thymus and spleen with depletion of lymphoid cells, and edematous changes of uterus with desquamation of uterus mucosa as estrus cycles were detected throughout the whole experimental groups including both male and female vehicle controls. The significant (p<0.01) increases of absolute weights of kidney and pancreas detected in BSS extracts 1000 mg/kg-treated female group are considered as secondary changes from increases of body weights. The results obtained in this study suggest that the BSS extract is non-toxic in mice and is therefore likely to be safe for clinical use. The LD50 and ALD of BSS aqueous extracts in both female and male mice were considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected upto 2000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD. In addition, the MTD of BSS extracts was also considered as over 2000 mg/kg because no BSS extracts-treatment related toxicological signs were detected at histopathological observation except for BSS or their component-related pharmacological effects, the immunomodulating effects detected in the present study.

Dynamic Computed Tomography based on Spatio-temporal Analysis in Acute Stroke: Preliminary Study (급성 뇌졸중 환자의 시공간 분석 기법을 이용한 동적 전산화 단층 검사: 예비 연구)

  • Park, Ha-Young;Pyeon, Do-Yeong;Kim, Da-Hye;Jung, Young-jin
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.39 no.4
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    • pp.543-547
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    • 2016
  • Acute stroke is a one of common disease that require fast diagnosis and treatment to save patients life. however, the acute stroke may cause lifelong disability due to brain damage with no prompt surgical procedure. In order to diagnose the Stroke, brain perfusion CT examination and possible rapid implementation of 3D angiography has been widely used. However, a low-dose technique should be applied for the examination since a lot of radiation exposure to the patient may cause secondary damage for the patients. Therefore, the degradation of the measured CT images may interferes with a clinical check in that blood vessel shapes on the CT image are significantly affected by gaussian noise. In this study, we employed the spatio-temporal technique to analyze dynamic (brain perfusion) CT data to improve an image quality for successful clinical diagnosis. As a results, proposed technique could remove gaussian noise successfully, demonstrated a possibility of new image segmentation technique for CT angiography. Qualitative evaluation was conducted by skilled radiological technologists, indicated significant quality improvement of dynamic CT images. the proposed technique will be useful tools as a clinical application for brain perfusion CT examination.

Classification and Comparative Analysis of the Contents of Acorus species and Anemone altaica by UPLC-PDA Analysis (UPLC-PDA를 이용한 창포류의 분류 및 함량 분석)

  • Jo, Ji Eun;Lee, A Yeong;Kim, Hyo Seon;Moon, Byeong Cheol;Ji, Yunui;Chun, Jin Mi;Kim, Ho Kyoung
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.279-284
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    • 2013
  • A quantitative method using ultra performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (UPLCPDA) was established for the analysis of 2 major plant metabolites: ${\beta}$-asarone and ${\alpha}$-asarone from Acorus gramineus, A. tatarinowii, A. calamus and Anemone altaica, and their contents are compared with other herbs of Acorus species. The method was validated according to the International Conference on harmonization (ICH) guideline for validation of analytical procedures with respect to precision, accuracy, and linearity. The average content of ${\beta}$-asarone in Acorus gramineus was significantly higher than that in others, with the second highest concentration observed in A. tatarinowii, and only a trace amounts found in A. calamus and Anemone altaica. In contrast, the average content of ${\alpha}$-asarone in A. calamus was the highest, followed by that in Acorus gramineus and A. tatarinowii. principle component analysis (PCA) confirmed that ${\beta}$-asarone and ${\alpha}$-asarone content differed among the species. These results suggest that this UPLC-PDA method can be considered as good quality control criteria for Acorus gramineus.