• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.4 s.91
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• pp.249-251
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• 1999

The yields and the biological efficiency of Hericium erinaceus in the case of the bottle cultivation was 356 g/850 ml, 147.8% and in pot cultivation was 810 g/2,500 ml, 114.3% respectively. On the primordial formation the case of no removing inoculation spawn was well introduced, and the mushroom's yield and biological efficiency was to be high in the case of the bottle's cap was shut. The results in the use of the logs for Hericeum erinaceus's cultural media were to be fine in oak, alder, poplar, black locust in order. And in oak, the yield of the mushrooms were $1195.5\;g/0.1\;m^3$ biological efficiency was 17.3%, the period requirements for primordium was 69 days, and the mushroom's individual weight was 143 g.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between endogenous polyamines (PAs) and floral bud differentiation in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium). In this study, PA content (free, bound, and conjugated) in apical buds, leaves, and roots changed appreciably during floral bud differentiation. PAs accumulated during series of processes such as floral induction, differentiation of floret primordia, and crown formation in apical buds; changes in PAs in apical buds may have a relationship with those in leaves and roots. The levels of free PAs and conjugated PAs [putrescine (Put) and spermine (Spm)] in apical buds rapidly increased during the initiation stage of floral bud differentiation, while free and conjugated spermidine (Spd) reached their highest levels at the stage of floret primordium differentiation. In the free, conjugated, and bound PA fractions, the changes in Spm content were negligible compared to those of Put and Spd throughout the experiment. These findings indicate that PAs participate in regulating the process of flower bud differentiation in chrysanthemum.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 1984

Environmental effects of light. temperature, and pH of culture media on mycelial growth and fruit-body formation of Flammulina velutipes in synthetic media were investigated. Illumination inhibited mycelial growth, but illumination during the latter part of vegetative growth induced primordia formation. The optimum light intensity and exposure time were $100{\sim}1000$ lux and $4{\sim}8$ hours per day, respectively. High intensity of light was injurous, and in darkness primordia developed into very poor fruit-bodies. The optimum temperature was $25^{\circ}C for mycelial growth and $15^{\circ}C$ for fruit-body formation. The optimum pH range for mycelial growth was found to be from 5.0 to 7.0 and for fruit-body formation from 5.0 to 6.0. In low temperature treatments, a temperature of $15^{\circ}C$ was more effective than $5^{\circ}C\;or\;10^{\circ}C$, it took about 12 hours for primordium formation, but at $5^{\circ}C\;or\;10^{\circ}C$ about 48 hours. The most excellent fruit-body formation were produced from the mycelium growth for 7 to 10 days.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

The timing for the determination in root formation from nodal and internodal explants of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz, cv. MCol 22) was investigated. Nodal explants about 10 mm with an axillary bud formed adventitious roots directly on MS basal medium for 8 days of cultures. But internodal segments without an axillary bud did not develop the adventitious roots on the same medium, and most internodal segments excised from nodal explants after cultures of 5 days on MS basal medium developed adventitious roots. On the other hand, the internodal segments rooted at 90% after cultures on medium with 0.5 mg/L IBA for 5 days, with 1 mg/L IBA for 2.5 days, and with 2 mg/L IBA for 1.5 days respectively. Thus the period of culture on medium with IBA and its IBA concentration affected the rooting rate. Therefore, it is suggested that the determination for root formation occurred before the differentiation of root primordia on medium with IBA, and root inducing factors in medium were absorbed and accumulated during the period of determination for root primordium differentiation in internodal segment of cassava.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2003

The purpose of this experiment is to improve the ratio of female flower in Schizandra chinensis Baillon. The experiment was carried out in two purposes. One was to understand the development stages on bud formation and determining sex after bud formation by stage. The other was to investigate characteristics of flowers forming on spring when summer pruning was taken place in different cutting part and timing in S. chinensis Baillon. The outcome was that on 7th of June the flower bud was found next to leaf primordium in branch of this year and no changes were found in shape for two weeks by 26th July. On 26th of June, an ovule that forms organ was observed and then, an ovule was found after sex was determined on 6th of July. Second experiment was carried out to find out when the sex was determined by adapting different pruning methods; cutting the branch at 6th node on June 1, June 15, and July 1; cutting the branch at 10th node on June 15, and July 1. The result was that the re-growth ratio on the branch 6th node was cut on June 1 and June 15. July 1 was 34-56% and, however, the number of setting flowers and mail flowers were fewer than the normal branches. More over, even though the re-growth ratio of branches were 34-25% when the cutting was taken place at 10th node on June 15 and July 1, the number of setting flowers and mail flowers were the same as the non treated branch. As a result, it is assumed that cutting controlling in this plant to increase the number of female flowers has no effect.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2006

Cauliflower mushroom(Sparassis crispa) contains much amount of ${\beta}$-glucan, which make lots of farmer want to cultivate the mushroom. Since a practical cultivation method is not provided yet, the mushroom is considered as a difficult crop to deal with. In this study, we tried to develope a simple method to cultivate the mushroom by use of coniferous sawdust-based medium with wheat flour and molasses. There was no significant differences between the sawdust spawn and the liquid spawn for the mycelial growth of the mushroom. The cold shock in $4^{\circ}C$ for a day was thought to be the best way to seduce primordium formation. The sawdust medium of Pseudotsuga menziesii mixed with wheat flour, corn chip, cottonseed meal and 10% molasses was showed the best yield with 41% followed by that of Larix leptolepis mixed with the same additives with 37% of yield. There was good relations between the fruit-body production and the weight loss of the sawdust substrate.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.80
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• pp.1141-1147
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• 2006

This study was carried out to establish a reproducible culture system for callus formation and adventitious shoot development from young stem segments of Vigna radinta, and histological work for orgin of callus tissue and adventitious shoot. Induction of callus from young stem explants of Vigna radiata was very effective on MS inorganic salts supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L kinetin. For the adventitious shoot regeneration from the callus tissues, the hormone combination of 0.75 mg/L NAA, 1.5 mg/L kinetin and MS salts resulted in about 21% efficiency. Histological examination showed that callus tissues originated from out-growths by callus cambium rings with do novo meristematic activities, which were localized at the outside of the vascular cambium. Adventitious shoots were developed from shoot apical meristem originated from the surface of callus masses. The shoot apical meristem produced leaf primordium, which then became leaf.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2019

This study was performed to develop a useful method for substrate pH adjustment in bottle cultivation of Grifola frondosa. Four types of organic acid solution-citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, and succinic acid-were added at 0.5% to 3.0% (w/v) into the substrate. The pH after the organic acid treatments ranged from 3.8 to 4.8 for the mycelial growth of G. frondosa after sterilization. Supplementation with succinic acid at 0.5% resulted in a shorter cultivation period and higher consistent yields compared to other organic acid treatments. These results indicate that the technique we developed is beneficial for higher production of G. frondosa using bottle cultivation.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2008

To develop artificial cultivation and improve some problems such as auto-lysis on commercialization of Coprinus comatus that has been known edible and medicinal mushroom, they were conducted for selection of superior strain, suitable culture methods for mycelial growth and fruiting, and morphological characteristics of fruit body. Strain CM 980301 of Coprinus comatus was selected as a superior strain for artificial cultivation. Wheat grain and rice straw full-grown compost media were most effective for preparation of spawn and artificial cultivation of C. comatus, respectively. Spawn running of Coprinus spp. on the rice straw full-grown compost media required to be 15 days from 24 to $28^{\circ}C$. The casing layer incubation before initiation of fruit body formation, required for 13 days at same temperature for spawn running. And then require $10{\sim}11$ days for initiation and $7{\sim}8$ days for development of fruit body from 20 to $24^{\circ}C$. The fruit body of strain CM 980301 was harvested within a week from initiation of primordium formation. The hardness of pileus and stipe that were harvested in optimal stage showed 102 to 169, and 128 to $182\;g/cm^2$, respectively. Yields of srain CM 980301 from the rice straw full-grown compost media was $37.7kg/3.3m^2$. Weight of individual fruit body was 17.9 g in average.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 1984

This study was conducted to examine the physiology of pine mushroom mycelia cultured with various media for artificial culture of pine mushroom. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Among the various media, the medium composed of honey, boiled pine mushroom and soil extract fluid, fibrous root extract fluid, dry yeast, $KH_2PO_4$ inositol, folic acid, and biotin was the best for the growth of pine mushroom mycelium. 2) The optimum temperature for germinating pine mushroom spore and for culturing pine mushroom mycelium, was $24^{\circ}C$ and the optimum pH was 4.5. 3) There was no significant difference in growth between the mycelium separated from the tissue of pine mushroom sporophore and that separated from the spore. 4) No noticeable effect was found on the growth if such salts as $ZnSO_4$, $MnSO_4$, $MgSO_4$, $CaCl_2$ and ferric citrate were added to the Hamada's medium. 5) The addition of fibrous root extract promoted the growth of pine mushroom mycelium. 6) As a carbon source of artificial media, honey was more effective than glucose. 7) The culture infiltration of Mortierlla growing often in Fairy Ring was good for the growth of mycelium compared with the control. 8) The addition of fibrous root extract, inositol, biotin, and folic acid to artificial culture media was greatly effective in growth. When the temperature was lowered $19^{\circ}C$ after mycelium has appeared, the formation of primordium was observed.