• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제24권1_2호
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• pp.461-470
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• 2007

In CRYPTO 1995, Bellare, $Gu\'{e}rin$, and Rogaway proposed a very efficient message authentication scheme. This scheme is secure against adaptive chosen message attacks, under the assumption that its underlying primitive is a pseudorandom function. This article studies how to weaken that assumption. For an adaptive chosen message attack, we take into account two scenarios. On the one hand, the adversary intercepts the authenticated messages corresponding to messages chosen adaptively by herself, so the verifier does not receive them. On the other hand, the adversary can only eavesdrop the authenticated messages corresponding to messages chosen adaptively by herself, so the verifier receives them. We modify the original scheme. In the first scenario, our scheme is secure if the underlying primitive is a pseudorandom function. In the second scenario, our scheme is still secure under a weaker assumption that the underlying primitive is an indistinguishable-uniform function.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2020

Objectives : We analyzed the descriptions of Doek(德)·Qi(氣)·Saeng(生)·Jeong(精)·Sin(神)·Hon(魂)·Baek(魄)·Sim(心)·Ui(意)·Ji(志)·Sa(思)·Ji(智)·Ryeo(慮)·Ji(智) which are the concepts mentioned in the beginning of the ≪Lingshu·Benshen≫. Methods : We reinterpreted this verse in ≪Lingshu·Benshen≫ from the viewpoint of evolution and development of mental function and considered it in relation to the knowledge of modern psychology and brain science. Results & Conclusions : The reproductive essence of the parents are combined, primitive essence (元精) is created and simultaneously primitive spirit is born. Primitive spirit first differentiates into Hon and Baek. Hon and Baek are instinctive mental functions. Up to this point, because the process is completed before birth, primitive spirit, Hon, and Baek are innate spirit. Ui, Ji, Sa, Ryeo and Ji are the rational thinking abilities as mental functions that develop actively after birth. This is called conscious spirit and acquired spirit. Analyzing the contents of , it can be said that the mental function is divided into four layers of primitive spirit-Baek-Hon-conscious spirit.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제23권1_2호
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• pp.489-496
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• 2007

Let g be a continuous function on an interval I which is not constant on any subinterval of I, and let ${\mu}$ be a Borel measure on I. In this paper we give a necessary and sufficient conditions guaranteeing, for the strongly measurable function f on I with values in a Banach space X, the existence of a continuous primitive function F on I with respect to g.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.166-172
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• 2018

A pseudo-random sequence generated by using a primitive polynomial, trace function, and Legendre symbol has been researched in our previous work. Our previous sequence has some interesting features such as period, autocorrelation, and linear complexity. A pseudo-random sequence widely used in cryptography. However, from the aspect of the practical use in cryptographic systems sequence needs to generate swiftly. Our previous sequence generated by utilizing a primitive polynomial, however, finding a primitive polynomial requires high calculating cost when the degree or the characteristic is large. It’s a shortcoming of our previous work. The main contribution of this work is to find some relation between the generated sequence and irreducible polynomials. The purpose of this relationship is to generate the same sequence without utilizing a primitive polynomial. From the experimental observation, it is found that there are (p - 1)/2 kinds of polynomial, which generates the same sequence. In addition, some of these polynomials are non-primitive polynomial. In this paper, these relationships between the sequence and the polynomials are shown by some examples. Furthermore, these relationships are proven theoretically also.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.136-145
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• 2024

In this paper we obtained several properties that the characteristic polynomial of the unit-primitive matrix satisfies. In addition, using these properties we have shown that the recurrence relation given as in the formula (1) is true. In fact, Xin and Zhong ([4]) showed it earlier. However, we provide a simpler method here.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2013

Consider a multiplicative group of integers modulo $n$, denoted by $\mathbb{Z}_n^*$. Any element $a{\in}\mathbb{Z}_n^*$ is said to be a semi-primitive root if the order of $a$ modulo $n$ is ${\phi}(n)/2$, where ${\phi}(n)$ is the Euler phi-function. In this paper, we discuss some interesting properties of the multiplicative groups of integers possessing semi-primitive roots and give its applications to solving certain congruences.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2011

Consider a multiplicative group of integers modulo n, denoted by $\mathbb{Z}_n^*$. Any element $a{\in}\mathbb{Z}_n^*$ n is said to be a semi-primitive root if the order of a modulo n is $\phi$(n)/2, where $\phi$(n) is the Euler phi-function. In this paper, we classify the multiplicative groups of integers having semi-primitive roots and give interesting properties of such groups.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2021

Purpose : Therapeutic exercise should improve the health outcomes of rehabilitation in children with neurodevelopmental disability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of primitive reflex integration exercises on forward head posture, balance ability, and concentration in children with neurodevelopmental disability. Methods : This study included 10 children with neurodevelopmental disability. Primitive reflex integration exercises were performed for 40 minutes, twice a week for 8 weeks (16 sessions). The reflective markers were placed at the center of the shoulders and on the ears. A caliper was used to measure the distance between the attachments of the reflective markers to assess the forward head posture. Pediatric balance scale was used to quantify balance ability. Their abilities in terms of changeless sitting, looking at the teacher, putting children's hands on their knees, and looking at immovable and movable objects, were assessed to quantify concentration. Results : There were significant improvements in forward head posture after the intervention (p=.005). Primitive reflex integration exercises significantly improved balance ability of children with neurodevelopmental disability (p=.027). There were also significant improvements in changeless sitting (p=.005), looking at the teacher (p=.004), putting children's hands on their knees (p=.005), and looking at the immovable (p=.004) and movable (p=.004) objects. Conclusion : This study showed that primitive reflex integration exercises were a useful intervention to improve forward head posture, balance, and concentration in children with neurodevelopmental disability. Therefore, primitive reflex integration exercises may also promote and improve their general development. Further studies with appropriate sample size and control group are needed to conclude the effectiveness of primitive reflex integration exercises on improving posture, motor function, and concentration in children with neurodevelopmental disability.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2011

Games는 같은 원시다항식을 갖는 m-수열과 GMW 수열의 상호상관관계 함수를 계산하는 방법을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 같은 원시다항식에 의해서 생성된 Kasami 수열과 No 수열들의 상호상관관계 함수를 두 개의 기준수열들의 주기적 상호상관관계함수를 이용하여 계산한다. 이 방법은 Games에 의해서 제안된 방법과는 다르다.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.126-129
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• 2021

We present a patient with a primitive neuroectodermal tumor arising from the right atrium who experienced multiple syncope episodes daily, which had first appeared 1 month after surgery. The symptoms continued to worsen over the course of chemotherapy, and the autonomic function test (AFT) was performed after the 14th chemotherapy cycle. The AFT revealed orthostatic hypotension and reduced baroreflex-dependent sympathetic reactivity. Physical counterpressure techniques were applied with a visual biofeedback intervention, and were found to be effective in reducing the syncope episodes.