• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.42 no.9 s.339
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• pp.51-60
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• 2005

The design of efficient cryptosystems is mainly appointed by the efficiency of the underlying finite field arithmetic. Especially, among the basic arithmetic over finite field, the rnultiplicative inversion is the most time consuming operation. In this paper, a fast inversion algerian in finite field $GF(2^m)$ with the standard basis representation is proposed. It is based on the Extended binary gcd algorithm (EBGA). The proposed algorithm executes about $18.8\%\;or\;45.9\%$ less iterations than EBGA or Montgomery inverse algorithm (MIA), respectively. In practical applications where the dimension of the field is large or may vary, systolic array sDucture becomes area-complexity and time-complexity costly or even impractical in previous algorithms. It is not suitable for low-weight and low-power systems, i.e., smartcard, the mobile phone. In this paper, we propose a new hardware architecture to apply an area-efficient and a synchronized inverter on low-complexity systems. It requires the number of addition and reduction operation less than previous architectures for computing the inverses in $GF(2^m)$ furthermore, the proposed inversion is applied over either prime or binary extension fields, more specially $GF(2^m)$ and GF(P) .

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 2010

In this study, a total of 25 lines consisting of five native ginseng collections from Poonggi area, five lines from Geumsam area and 15 varieties were analyzed and clustered for the selection of Poonggi native ginseng in Korea using DNA markers. The results indicated that the long cluster distance were observed between the collections of 331002, 331004, 331005, 331007 and 331026 from Poonggi area, and the collections of 332009, 332021, 332046, 332050 and 332066 from Geumsan area because of the sensible differences on the number of leaves per stem, stem color and petiole color. Thus, the collections from Poonggi area with specific characters consisting of one stem per plant, five leaves per stem and broad elliptic leaflet shape were finely classified using nine primers including OPD05, OPD20, OPG17, OPH05 and so on. In this study, the collection of 331007 from Poonggi area was considered as the respective collection with above characters. Thus, the nine primers such as OPD05 and so on, will be used to select the Poonggi ginseng in the future studies.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.359-369
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• 2001

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA as 30 different arbitrary primers and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) analysis were performed on genomic DNA extracted from the blood of the marine rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) from the Yellow Sea and the Southern Sea. The unique properties of the genomic DNA were used to investigate the features of the population dynamics and origins of the species. Out of 30 primers, seven generated 207 highly reproducible RAPD polymorphic products, producing approximately 2.7 polymorphic bands per primer. About 67.4% of total amplified products (307) were either polymorphic (207) to rockfish. The degree of similarity varied from 0.22 to 0.63 as calculated by bandsharing analysis. Also, the average level of bandsharing was 0.39$\pm$0.02 within the rockfish strains. The electrophoretic analysis of RAPD-PCR products showed the relatively high levels if variation between different individuals in rockfish from the Yellow Sea. However, the RAPD outlines obtained with DNA of different rockfish strains from the Yellow Sea and the Southern Sea in Korea were very similar. Also, a small number of polymorphic bands were identified. Even if further analyses or more rockfish populations are required, this result implies RAPD analysis reflects genetic differences between the geographical strains of the rockfish.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2006

Background: Memory T lymphocytes of the immune system provide long-term protection in response to bacterial or viral infections/immunization. Ag concentration has also been postulated to be important in determining whether T cell differentiation favors effector versus memory cell development. In the present study we hypothesized that naive Ag-specific $CD4^+$ T cells briefly stimulated with different Ag doses at the primary exposure could affect establishment of memory cell pool after secondary immunization. Methods: To assess this hypothesis, the response kinetics of DO11.10 TCR $CD4^+$ T cells primed with different Ag doses in vitro was measured after adoptive transfer to naive BALB/c mice. Results: Maximum expansion was shown in cells primarily stimulated with high doses of ovalbumin peptide $(OVA_{323-339})$, whereas cells in vitro stimulated with low dose were expanded slightly after in vivo secondary exposure. However, the cells primed with low $OVA_{323-339}$ peptide dose showed least contraction and established higher number of memory cells than other treated groups. When the cell division was analyzed after adoptive transfer, the high dose Ag-stimulated donor cells have undergone seven rounds of cell division at 3 days post-adoptive transfer. However, there was very few division in naive and low dose of peptide-treated group. Conclusion: These results suggest that primary stimulation with a low dose of Ag leads to better memory $CD4^+$ T cell generation after secondary immunization. Therefore, these facts imply that optimally primed $CD4^+$ T cells is necessary to support effective memory pool following administration of booster dose in prime-boost vaccination.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.235-243
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• 2019

Universities are opening related majors and subjects to nurture the problem-solving fusion that businesses want. The time has come when rapid technological. On this thesis, we analyzed three years (2017-2019) of survey result of Women University students in order to figuring out and dealing with the change in 4th industrial revolution and intellectual information technology. It turns out that 1) there was an increase of interest in 4th industrial revolution from 59% in 2017 to 80% in 2019, 2) IoT, ICT, Artificial Intelligence, and Education Research System became top priority in technical strategy, 3)the prime keyword is AI, robot, job, 4)the expectation on increasing of the opportunity and the number of jobs in science technology field was 50%, 5)the importance of universities and companies was 50%, 80% each, 6) the information needed for science technology were educational discipline, change in future science, prospective future information in order, and 7)the most needed education were education on creativity, coding, cross-subject, engineering in order. In the era of the fourth industrial revolution, it is essential to expand the SW manpower base in various fields. University education, which should provide connectivity for super-fusion, should provide curriculum optimized for industrial demands such as, fusion and connected education, creative thinking, self-directed problem solving and etc.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.155-179
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• 2013

Becoming independent in 1956, Sudan has since experienced a number of coups $d^{\prime}{\acute{e}}tat$, religious conflicts between the Islamic north and the Christian south, conflicts between the north-south population composition and races, two civil wars for nearly 40 years due to a clash of interests over resources and others, and the Darfur crisis in which hundreds of thousands died. In 1983, as the Sudanese government forced Islamic laws on the southern region where many Christians lived, the civil war resumed and suffered heavy casualties. Although a brief period of tranquility is maintained at the present moment as South Sudan seceded, military conflicts continue to arise. The objective of this research is to understand the North-South Sudan conflict by examining its history and course. For this purpose, chapter 2 will make a theoretical and reality approach for conflict items and solutions. Chapter 3 will discuss the historical background and reasons for the Sudanese conflict by considering Sudan before 19th century, the Egyptian conquest of Sudan and the diverging North and South, Sudanese independence and other divisions yet again, and finally the North-South conflicts over religion and resources. In Chapter 4, there will be an analysis of the course of the Sudan Civil War by separating it into the First and Second Civil War. In Chapter 5, the consequences and future prospect will be presented in lieu of the conclusion.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.1165-1176
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• 2019

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by Clostridium botulinum, are the most toxic substances known. However, the number of currently approved medical countermeasures for these toxins is very limited. Therefore, studies on therapeutic antitoxins are essential to prepare for toxin-related emergencies. Currently, more than 10,000 Halla horses, a crossbreed between the native Jeju and Thoroughbred horses, are being raised in Jeju Island of Korea. They can be used for equine antitoxin experiments and production of hyperimmune serum against BoNT/A1. Instead of the inactivated BoNT/A1 toxoid, Halla horse was immunized with the receptor-binding domain present in the C-terminus of heavy chain of BoNT/A1 (BoNT/A1-HCR) expressed in Escherichia coli. The anti-BoNT/A1-HCR antibody titer increased rapidly by week 4, and this level was maintained for several weeks after boosting immunization. Notably, $20{\mu}l$ of the week-24 BoNT/A1-HCR(-immunized) equine serum showed an in vitro neutralizing activity of over 8 international units (IU) of a reference equine antitoxin. Furthermore, $20{\mu}l$ of equine serum and $100{\mu}g$ of purified equine $F(ab^{\prime})_2$ showed 100% neutralization of 10,000 $LD_{50}$ in vivo. The results of this study shall contribute towards optimizing antitoxin production for BoNT/A1, which is essential for emergency preparedness and response.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.218-227
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• 2019

The term practical means that you actually use what you learn. Unlike that meaning, however, the curriculum is operated by specific majors of some professors. And we can be seen in many colleges. Jazz is a prime example. Jazz is a genre only for some maniacs and there is not much places to play on the pop scene. But this genre is now packaged as representative studies of practical music. This affects even cram schools, preparing for college entrance exams, while high school students are also learning, playing and preparing Jazz to take the exams. Of course, Jazz is a field of music, but it is a very sad reality, considering it can never be the mainstream of popular music. It has been 20 years since the department of practical music was established at a four-year university. The number of graduates will also be very large. Now that the role of a university is related to employment, it's time to look at how the graduates are getting jobs and whether they are working in music. And it will also be important to ensure that the curriculum of the department is reasonably managed to connect with employment in reality. Practical learning will be not only respond immediately to market changes but establishment and operation of education courses should be carried out accordingly. In this study, we will discuss curriculum of vocal at universities, concrete examples of operations, and reasonable vocal courses that can be connected to employment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1136-1143
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological activities of an aqueous extract of Angelica gigas (Ag) fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc). First, the soluble solids of the F/3 group, in which the Ag was fermented by Sc for 3 days, decreased from $1^{\circ}Bx$ to $0.9^{\circ}Bx$. On the other hand, the pH increased with the number of days of fermentation. The result of a TLC experiment confirmed that it gradually decomposed into a low-molecular weight sugar form upon fermentation. The total phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents were higher in the fermented group than in the non-fermented group. K and Ca contents were increased by fermentation in the following order: F/3, NF, and F/0 groups. Decursin and decursinol angelate contents were highest in the F/3 group. The DPPH (${\alpha}$, ${\alpha}{\prime}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of the NF, F/0, and F/3 groups were 41.89%, 39.51%, and 60.26%, respectively. The inhibition activities of tyrosinase and lipoxygenase were stronger in the F/3 group than in the NF group. This experiment showed that the fermentation of Ag Nakai can lead to an increase in its antioxidant ability, physiological activity, whitening and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, this oriental herbal medicine can be developed into a functional material that can be utilized in the development of cosmetic products in future.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.408-416
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• 2022

The new millennium is characterized by an unprecedented breakthrough in knowledge and information and communication technologies, and the challenges of the XXI century require modernized paradigms of interaction in all spheres of life. Education continues to play a key role in national and global growth. The key role of education and its leadership in developing creative potential, as the main paradigm of the countries' stability, have significantly influenced educational centers. The developers of educational programs use information technologies as an incentive to develop creative potential of educational process. Professional training of the educational candidate is enhanced by the use of information technologies, so the educational applicants should develop technological skills to be productive members of society. Using the latest achievements in the field of information technologies for the organization of the educational process helps to form the operational style of education applicants' thinking, which provides the ability to acquire skills of processing information, that is presented in the text, graphic, tabular form, and increase the level of general and informational culture necessary for better orientation in the modern information space. The purpose of the research is to determine the effectiveness of information technologies as an incentive to develop creative potential of educational process on the basis of the survey, to establish advantages and ability to provide high-quality education in the context of using information technologies. Methods of research: comparative analysis; systematization; generalization, survey. Results. Based on the survey conducted among students and teachers, it has been found out that the teachers use the following information technologies for the development of creative potential of the educational process: to provide video and audio communication process (100%), Moodle (95,6%), Duolingo (89,7%), LinguaLeo (89%), Google Forms (88%) and Adobe Captivate Prime (80,6%). It is determined that modular digital learning environments (97,9%), interactive exercises tools (96,3%), ICT for video and audio communication (96%) and interactive exercises tools (95,1%) are most conducive to the development of creative potential of the educational process. As a result of the research, it was revealed that implementation of information technologies for the development of creative potential of educational process in educational institutions is a complex process due to a large number of variables, which should be taken into account both on the educational course and on the individual level. It has been determined that the using the model of implementation information technologies for the development of creative potential in educational process, which is stimulated due to this model, benefits both students and teachers by establishing a reliable bilateral connection between teacher and education applicant.