• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.65-77
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• 1987

Congestion occurs whenever users interfere with each other, while competing for scarce resources. In a congested market, such as a telecommunication service market, users of telecommunication services incur costs in using the service in addition to the price. The user's own time costs involved in learning to use the service, waiting for the service, and making use of the service are typically greater than the price of telecommunication services. A market equilibrium analysis is performed in which a method for user demand aggregation is developed. The effects of price changes on user demands and market demands for congested services are examined. It is found that total market demands may increase as the price for less-congested services increase under certain demand conditions. This suggests that a nonuniform pricing scheme for a congested service may improve the utilization of the congested system. The sign of price cross-elasticity for congested services is show to vary with demand conditions. A possible complementary property of congested services is found and the implication of such a property is discussed. It is argued that such a complementary property may lead to a cross subsidy in a market with congestion. Finally, comparisons between uniform pricing and nonuniform pricing policies are made. A specific numerical example is given to show that a nonuniform pricing policy may be Pareto superior to a uniform pricing policy.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1017-1023
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• 2021

This research aims to determine the effect of customers' threat emotion and price on the decision to purchase a certain smartphone product. This study uses a quantitative method with a type of descriptive and causal research. It employs non-probability sampling with purposive sampling, with 385 respondents to answer the questionnaires. Data analysis techniques used descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of descriptive analysis of emotion, price and purchasing decisions are in sync with each other. The results of multiple linear regression analysis techniques indicate the threat emotion and brand trust are influential against the positive decision to purchase smartphone products. The magnitude of the influence of emotions and price have simultaneous effect on purchasing decisions and other decision variables, which are not included in this study, also play minor role in determining purchase intention, such as product quality, brand image and others. Partially, threat emotion and brand trust have a positive effect toward purchasing decisions. The magnitude of the highest influence was the one of price, then followed by emotional threats. The findings of this study suggest that psychological and behavioral effects also play important roles in determining customers' purchase decision.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate how comparative menu price, human service, amenity, and menu quality affected menu value, and how menu value influenced revisit intention. The model was tested in a family restaurant setting using a sample of customers visiting and enjoying menu in Daegu metropolitan city. Empirical results confirmed that not only do human service, amenity and menu quality increase menu value but that comparative menu price reduces menu value. Menu value was also found to be a significant antecedent of revisit intention. The results obtained have major implications for family restaurant marketers as well as for future research. First, family restaurant marketers should pay attention to menu pricing, as menu price decreased menu value. Second, family restaurant marketers should try to increase menu value through training of human service. Third, family restaurant marketers should try to add menu value by way of recruiting high-skilled cook. Fourth, family restaurant marketers should make efforts to attract customers through interior design.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2024

China is playing more predominant role in the liquefied natural gas (LNG) market worldwide and LNG import price is subject to various factors both at home and abroad. Nevertheless, previous studies rarely heed a multiple of factors. A time-varying parameter factor augmented vector auto-regression (TVP-FAVAR) model is adopted to discover the determinants of China's LNG import price and their dynamic impacts from January 2012 to December 2021. According to the findings, market fundamentals have a greater impact on the import price of natural gas in China than overall economic demand, financial considerations, and world oil prices. The primary determinants include domestic gas consumption, consumer confidence and other demand-side information. Then, there are diverse and time-varying spillover effects of the four common determinants on the volatility of China's LNG import price at different intervals and time nodes. The price volatility is more sensitive and long-lasting to domestic natural gas pricing reform than other negative shocks such as the Sino-US trade war and the COVID-19 pandemic. The results in this study further proves the importance of domestic natural gas market liberalization. China ought to do more to support the further marketization of natural gas prices while working harder to guarantee natural gas supplies.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1582-1588
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• 2013

국내외 미술시장의 규모가 성장하면서 미술품 가격요인에 관한 다양한 연구들이 이루어졌지만 미술품 가격에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인으로 작용하는 작가 프리미엄에 대한 실증 연구는 상대적으로 미진했다. 본 연구는 국내 아트페어 중 2010년 마니프(MANIF)에 출품한 작가를 대상으로 작가 프리미엄을 결정짓는 요인 중 학력수준과 출신대학 그리고 성별이 출품 작품의 판매 여부와 작품 가격에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 통제변수로는 미술품의 장르, 규격, 그리고 미술은행 소장여부를 포함시켰다. 그 결과 상위권 대학 출신 작가가 하위권 대학 출신 작가에 비해 유의하게 판매 성사 실적과 판매 가격이 높았으며, 남성이 여성에 비해 판매 가격이 높았던 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 몇 가지 시사점을 제시하고 있는데, 첫째, 일반적인 예상과 같이 상위권 대학 출신 작가는 작가 프리미엄을 갖는다는 것이고, 둘째, 예상과는 달리 작가의 최종학력은 작가의 프리미엄에 반영되지 않는다는 것이다. 성별 효과가 부분적으로나마(판매 여부에서는 존재하지 않지만 판매 가격에서) 존재한다는 것은 아직도 한국의 미술 시장에서는 남성 작가 프리미엄이 남아 있다는 것을 시사한다.

• 교통기술과정책
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2013

• 에너지공학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.59-71
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 산업연관분석을 이용하여 한국과 일본 전력산업의 국민경제적 파급효과를 분석하고자 한다. 먼저 수요유도형 모형을 이용하여 생산유발효과, 부가가치 유발효과를 살펴본다. 아울러 공급유도형 모형 및 레온티에프 가격모형을 적용하여 전력산업의 공급지장효과와 물가파급효과에 대하여 한국과 일본을 비교 분석한다. 이러한 분석은 전력산업을 외생화하여 이루어지게 된다. 분석결과 전력산업에서의 1원(엔) 생산이 타 산업에 유발하는 생산유발효과는 한국 0.5946원, 일본 0.5446엔 이었으며, 타 산업에 유발하는 부가가치 유발효과는 한국 0.1716원, 일본 0.2929엔이었다. 전력산업의 공급지장효과는 한국 1.5932원, 일본 1.2801엔이었으며, 전력산업의 10% 가격 인상으로 인한 물가파급효과는 한국 0.2113%, 일본 0.2196%로 한국이 높게 나타났다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.511-521
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• 2020

본 연구는 온라인상에서 판매되는 동일한 제품들이 각각 다른 가격으로 판매되는 현상에 영향을 조망하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 이를 위해서 온라인상에서 가격 분산에 대한 영향을 미치는 4가지의 요인을 중심으로 탐색적인 연구를 진행하였다. 첫째로 제품의 고유 속성인 제품의 평균가격, 최고가격, 최저가격, 둘째로 시장요인인 출시연도, 출시개월 수, 공급업체 수 셋째로는 소비자요인인 해당 제품에 대한 리뷰수와 평가태도 등의 요인들이 가격분산에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 파악하는 것을 본 연구의 초점으로 설정하였다. 연구의 분석을 위해 온라인의 가격비교 사이트 중에서 대표적인 서비스인 다나와를 통해서 대상제품군을 선정하였다. 먼저 제품군을 제품 컨셉에 따라서 효용적 개념의 제품과 쾌락적 개념의 제품군으로 구분하여 효용적 개념의 제품군으로 노트북, 세탁기 그리고 쾌락적 컨셉의 제품군으로 백팩과 운동화를 각각 200개씩 전체적으로 유효 표본을 400개를 선정하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 효용적 컨셉의 제품은 평균가격, 최고가격, 최저가격, 출시연도, 유통점 수, 리뷰의 수가 가격분산에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 쾌락적 컨셉의 제품군은 평균가격, 최고가격, 최저가격, 출시연도, 유통점 수, 리뷰 및 평가가 가격 분산과 긍정적인 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해서 온라인 가격분산 현상을 확인할 수 있었으며 이와 관련된 변수들도 검증할 수 있었다. 유통점 마케팅 담당자들 관점에서는 가격분산을 유지하기 위해서 역시 이러한 변수들을 고려해서 전략을 수립할 필요가 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.951-965
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceived risk, community usage motive, and price sensitivity of customers who purchase children's wear directly from overseas on customer satisfaction. Specifically, this study is aimed at verifying the moderating effect of price sensitivity when perceived risk and community usage motive significantly influence customer satisfaction. A survey was conducted among consumers who experienced directly purchasing children's wear from overseas and engaging in communities. A total of 415 questionnaires were distributed, which 41 responses were insincere and excluded; thus, 374 responses were analyzed. Results of this study are as follows. First, the analysis on how perceived risk and community usage motive influence customer satisfaction reveals the significant influence of economic and social psychological risk on customer satisfaction. Moreover, informational, recreational, and social emotional usage motive have a significant influence on customer satisfaction. Second, the effect of perceived risk and community usage motive on customer satisfaction based on different levels of price sensitivity was verified. As a result, delivery and economic risks affect customer satisfaction for consumers with high price sensitivity. Moreover, recreational usage motive has a significant influence on customer satisfaction for high price sensitive consumers. In conclusion, perceived risk negatively impacts customer satisfaction. Therefore, it is essential to provide a system that can reduce the perceived risk of consumers who purchase children's wear directly from overseas.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2015

Objectives l: This study is to investigate the emergence of herbal medicine during Japanese colonial period by reviewing newspaper advertisements and brochures about patient medicine of Chosun Maiyak Corporation. Methods : 69 kinds of patent medications and 584 newspaper advertisements are throughly reviewed to investigate dosage form, drug effect, sales unit and method, price, and advertisement pattern. Results : Lyungsinwhan represented more than half of the total advertisements, followed by Yungmihwan, Sahyangsohabwon, Yeollyeonggobondan, and Chiljehyangbuhwan. Lyungsinwhan was advertised mostly in spring and summer whereas Yungmihwan and Yeollyeonggobondan were advertised in spring and fall. Dosage form included pill(丸), mixture(膏), powder(散), and liquid(水, 液), while pill and mixture prevailed over other forms. Drug effect included dermatological, pediatric, digestive, and gynecological effects in the increasing order of drug numbers. Sales unit and price were found to vary significantly. Sales method included nationwide network distribution of medicine through postcards and stores. Conclusion : Herbal medicine during the colonial period was distributed in various kinds of forms with different effects and advertisement patterns through diverse sales unit and price.