• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.28 no.2 s.50
• /
• pp.373-385
• /
• 1995

The association between blood lead of children and Intelligent Quotient(I.Q) was investigated in a sample of 100 boys and girls aged $6\sim8$ years from one primary school within an industrial area of Pusan. The trained undergraduates in school of public health administered an 1.0. test one by one. Parents answered a questionnaire on demographic, perinatal and socioeconomic variables. Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometer was used to determine blood lead levels. The geometric mean of blood lead value was $7.99{\mu}g/dl$. In total children, there was no significant relationship between blood lead level and I.Q. But in the children who were born of gestational age of less than 38 weeks, children with higher levels of blood lead performed more poorly on I.Q test with correlation coefficient from -0.68 to -0.71. But, the children who were born of gestational age of 38 weeks and more were same as total children. These results suggest that exposure to low levels of lead in the children who were born premature probably may result in impaired intelligent development. But, We think that more profound study should be performed with sufficient numbers of subjects.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.39 no.5
• /
• pp.427-432
• /
• 2006

Objectives: This study was to investigate if the dipstick proteinuria can predict cardiovascular mortality in a population of Korean men. Methods: We measured urine protein and other cardiovascular risk factors in 100059 Korean men, aged between 35-59 years in 1990 and 1992. Levels of proteinuria measured by dipstick method were trace or less, 1+, 2+, and 3+ or greater. The primary outcomes were deaths from all causes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and others in a 12 year follow-up from 1993 to 2004. Results: The multivariate-adjusted relative risks (95% CI) for cardiovascular death according to the level of proteinuria (1+, 2+, 3+ and more) in 1990 examination were 2.18 (1.36-3.48), 2.55 (1.37-4.78), and 4.57 (2.16-9.66) respectively. The corresponding relative risks according to the level of proteinuria in 1992 examination were 2.49 (1.71-3.64), 2.64 (1.53-4.58), and 2.78 (1.15-6.73). The relative risks for cardiovascular death of men with proteinuria (1+ or greater) once and twice among the examinations were 2.18 (1.63-2.92) and 3.75 (2.27-6.18), compared with men without proteinuria in 1990 and 1992 examinations. Conclusions: Our results showed that dipstick proteinuria is associated with cardiovascular mortality in Korean men. Dipstick proteinuria could be a predictor for cardiovascular mortality.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2013

Objectives: We examined the association between social expenditures of the local government and the mortality level in Korea, 2004 to 2010. Methods: We used social expenditure data of 230 local governments during 2004 to 2010 from the Social Expenditure Database prepared by the Korean Institute for Health and Social Affairs. Fixed effect panel data regression analysis was adopted to look for associations between social expenditures and age-standardized mortality and the premature death index. Results: Social expenditures of local governments per capita was not significantly associated with standardized mortality but was associated with the premature death index (decline of 1.0 [for males] and 0.5 [for females] for each expenditure of 100 000 Korean won, i.e., approximately 100 US dollar). As an index of the voluntary effort of local governments, the self-managed project ratio was associated with a decline in the standardized mortality in females (decline of 0.4 for each increase of 1%). The share of health care was not significant. Conclusions: There were associations between social expenditures of the local government and the mortality level in Korea. In particular, social expenditures per capita were significantly associated with a decline in premature death. However, the voluntary efforts of local governments were not significantly related to the decline in premature death.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.155-166
• /
• 2015

This thesis attempts to provide a foundation for effective preventative education of middle school students regarding school violence after identifying the level of perception of school violence as well as analyzing perception of preventive education among students. The study compiled data on 474 middle school students from middle schools in Jeollanamdo. The findings of the study are as follows. First, most of the students were aware of the necessity for preventive education regarding school violence. By gender, girls and those of lower grades showed great class participation and satisfaction. Second, research on the preventive education found differences in the seriousness of school violence according to school location. Fourth, preventive education conducted once or twice a month was the most desirable condition for middle school students. As a result, schools should consider gender differences and grade level when, developing an education program in order to prevent school violence.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.153-163
• /
• 2022

Objectives: This study divided the factors that affect participation in health screenings into individual, household, and regional levels and conducted a multi-level analysis to identify the factors related to participation in health screenings. Methods: Participants from the 2017 Community Health Survey were classified into 2 groups (under 40 and 40 or older). A multi-level logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors that affected participation in health screenings. Results: The screening rate of the participants was 69.7%, and it was higher among participants aged 40 and older (80.3%) than it was among participants younger than 40 (49.8%). At the individual level, the factors that influenced participation in health screenings included age, economic activity, smoking status, physician-diagnosed hypertension, and a moderate or high physical activity level. At the household level, the odds ratio of participation in health screenings was high for participants who lived in single-person households, lived with a spouse, earned a high monthly household income, and were not beneficiaries of national basic livelihood security. At the regional level, the odds ratio at the 95% confidence interval level of participation in health screenings was high for participants who had trust in the local community and lived in an area with a proportionally high social welfare budget. Conclusions: This study analyzed nationalwide data and confirmed that individual, household, and regional characteristics affected participation in health screenings. Therefore, policies that prioritize the improvement of regional level factors and especially household level factors are likely to be the most effective for improving the screening rate.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.105-109
• /
• 2006

The Korean Society of Preventive Medicine has undergone continuous development, after overcoming the difficult early years, in the 59 years since its establishment in 1947. It has repeatedly upgraded its quality and quantity of research with the first journal edition in 1968 and the continuous increase in publication numbers, scientific articles, joint research projects, intra-field exchanges and participation in various international scientific activities. In the future, we should gather a more extensive collection of opinions regarding the introduction of clinical preventive medicine specialists and prepare for the establishment of a training program for clinical specialists into a preventive medicine residency course. Moreover, we should raise interest in the importance of protecting individual information and maintaining medicine ethics. It's impossible to develop academic activities without cooperation. We need such cooperation with basic medical approaches across a wide range of fields. Furthermore, we should strengthen our cooperation with aspects of clinical and drug epidemiology in many fields including public health, statistics, and dietetics. Finally, we should raise the level of international cooperation with many countries, including North Korea, to prevent diseases and promote health. Preventive medicine is a science in which practice is as important as theory. We must aim to nurture preventive medicine specialists who practice in many areas of society with the goal of preventing diseases, promoting health, improving fertility, and securing healthy elderly life for individuals and the entire population. To this end, we will endeavor to promote both theoretical and practical components of academic development.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.26 no.4 s.44
• /
• pp.661-671
• /
• 1993

In order to compare the geographical distribution of physician by level of medical care and specialty, a log linear model was applied to the annual registration data of the Korean Medical Association as of the end of December, 1991 which was supplemented from related institutions and adjusted with relevant sources. Those physicians in primary and secondary care institutions were not statistically significantly unevenly distributed by province-level catchment area. There were some differences in physician distribution among big cities, medium and small-sized cities, and counties; however, those physicians for primary care level were equitably distributed between cities and counties. Specialties for secondary care physicians were less evenly distributed in county areas than in city areas, and generalists are distributed more evenly in cities and counties than in big cities. There is a certain limitation due to underregistration in the annual physician registration to the Korean Medical Association; however, the geographical distribution of physicians has been improved quantitatively. It is strongly suggested that specialties and the level of medical care should be considered for further physician manpower studies.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.160-168
• /
• 2002

Objectives : This study was intended to investigate the differences of job stressors between managers and low level employees among white-collar workers. Another objective of this study was to examine whether the effects of job stressors on mental health differ between the two groups. Methods : Data was obtained from 204 managers and 258 low level employees who were employed in white-collar jobs. Fourteen job stressors and seven job stress variables were measured. Results : Among the 14 job stressors, role overload, job insecurity, and work-family conflict were higher job stressors for the manager group whereas role conflict, work-aptitude incongruity, participation in decision making, and promotion problems were higher job stressors for the low level of employees. There were no differences in job stress scores between the two groups. However, differences in the effects of job stressors on job stress were found between the two groups. For the manager group, job insecurity, work-aptitude incongruity, and work-family conflict significantly affected in explanation of job stress whereas for the low level employees, role underload, peer satisfaction, and environmental problems significantly explaining the job stress variables. Conclusions : There were significant differences in job stressors between managers and low level employees among white-collar workers. Additionally there were differences in the effects of job stressors on job stress between the two groups.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.27-42
• /
• 2010

Objectives : This study purposed to survey psychosocial stress and the yangseng level in rural residents using measuring tools, to determine the correlation of the variables with health, and to suggest directions for rural residents' health promotion based on the theories of oriental medicine. Methods : The subjects were sampled from the residents of a rural area through convenient sampling, and the data on their general characteristics, health related life habits, psychosocial stress, and yangseng level were collected using a questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed through t-test, ANOVA, and correlation test using SPSS 12.0 and the significance level was p<0.05. Results : Stress was lower in those who had a job, whose income level was high, and who had breakfast almost every day, and the yangseng level was higher in those who did exercise 3 times or more in a week regularly. In addition, the stress level was in a negative correlation with the yangseng level, and the correlation was stronger with sleeping yangseng, mind yangseng, and activity and rest yangseng. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that vocational education, regular life habits and a certain amount of income are essential for health promotion, and measures should be prepared for stress control.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.23 no.4 s.32
• /
• pp.391-403
• /
• 1990

In order to assess the degree of atmospheric pollution and noise and to contribute the health improvement of residents in Pusan, the author measured the levels of CO, $SO_2,\;NO_2$, TSP, HCHO and noise in 8 areas (industrial, residential and park areas) from January to March in 1990. The results were as follows : 1. Sasang industrial area was significantly higher($2.85{\pm}0.84ppm$) in the average concentration of CO than other areas. However, there no areas to affect the human body in terms of CO concentration. 2. In general, industrial area was significantly higher ($0.134{\pm}0.084ppm$) in the average concentration of $SO_2$ than other areas, and it was the lowest ($0.009{\pm}0.005ppm$) in the Namchon-dong area. 3. Industrial ($0.033{\pm}0.009ppm$) and residential area ($0.029{\pm}0.004ppm$) were significantly higher in the average concentration of $NO_2$ than Park area ($0.009{\pm}0.001ppm$). However, there were no areas to affect the human body in terms of $NO_2$ concentration. 4. Sasang industrial area was the highest ($580.4{\pm}415.26{\mu}g/m^3$) at the average concentration of TSP and Hae-Un Dae area was the lowest ($97.22{\pm}37.86{\mu}g/m^3$). But TSP concentration showed the level to affect the human body in most areas. 5. Industrial area was significantly higher ($2.25{\pm}1.15ppb$) in the average concentration of HCHO than residential ($1.13{\pm}0.25ppb$) and park area ($1.33{\pm}0.20ppb$). 6. Industrial area was significantly higher ($77.28{\pm}6.92dB(A)$) in the level of noise than residential ($65.77{\pm}3.76dB(A)$) and park area ($64.65{\pm}5.25dB(A)$). In comparison with regional Standard Noise Level, howeverm the average noise level of residential and park area was higher than that of the Standard. In general, the level of pollution of industrial complex areas was relatively higher than those of residential and park areas. Among the industrial areas, sasang area was worst in most items. Both $SO_2$ and TSP showed the level to affect the human body in most of studied areas. It is necessary to install a new Air Quality Standard for HCHO to screen our environmental pollution.