• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2022

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to compare the degree of sodium reduction practice and estimate sodium intake by salty food preference. Methods: Sodium reduction practices, salty food preferences and estimated sodium intake were surveyed for restaurant owners (n = 80), employees (n = 82) and customers (n = 727) at the restaurants participating in the sodium reduction project in Daegu, Korea. Estimated sodium intake was performed by examining sex, age, body mass index (BMI), salty eating habit and dietary behaviors. Results: The degree of sodium reduction practice was significantly higher in salinity meter use (P < 0.001), low salt seasonings (P < 0.001) and efforts to make the foods as bland as possible overall (P < 0.001) in the restaurants participating in sodium reduction project than in homes (P < 0.001). The degree of sodium reduction practice appeared lower in the high salty food preference group than in the low-preference group in such items as efforts to make the foods as bland as possible overall (P < 0.05) and washing the salty taste and then cooking (P < 0.05). The high-preference group showed high-salt dietary behavior, including eating all the soup until nothing was left (P < 0.05) more than the low-preference group, but low-salt dietary behavior included checking the sodium content in processed foods (P < 0 .0 5) less than the low-preference group. The high-preference group was higher in the soup and stew intake frequency than the low-preference group (P < 0.05) and much lower in nuts (P < 0.05) and fruits (P < 0.05) intake frequency. The high-preference group had a higher salty eating habit (P < 0.05), salty taste assessment (P < 0.05) and estimated sodium intake (P < 0.05) than the low-preference group. Conclusions: The present study showed that the salty food preference was strongly associated with lower sodium reduction practice and higher estimated sodium intake.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.405-427
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• 2023

This study aimed to identify demographic variables(gender, age group, occupation, living arrangement, economic level, respiratory and chronic diseases, previous medical history), COVID-19 variables(COVID-19 prevention behavior, frequent use of media to obtain COVID-19 information), and psychological behavioral variables(depression, anxiety, loneliness, and increased drinking). From February to March 2021, an online survey of adults was conducted, and a total of 1,434 data were used for analysis. 260 out of 1,434 people were confirmed to have suicide ideation, the prevalence of suicide ideation among adults during the COVID-19 was 18.1%. Logistic regression analyses indicated elevated odds of suicidal ideation among individuals in their 20s and 30s, those living alone, exhibiting fewer COVID-19 preventive behaviors, consuming COVID-19 information more frequently through media, and reporting higher levels of loneliness. Furthermore, within the group experiencing depression, anxiety, and increased drinking, greater levels of these factors correlated with higher odds of suicidal ideation. Based on the results, implications and significance of the study were discussed.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.95-109
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• 2023

In light of the world grappling with diverse environmental issues due to climate change, the prominence of the 'pre-cycling' movement has grown. This movement strives to curtail or eliminate waste generation even before product purchases, garnering more attention than conventional eco-friendly practices. Consequently, this study employs experiments to delve into effective message strategies for promoting pre-cycling behaviors, which serve as preventive measures against the escalating environmental challenges posed by worsening waste problems. This study investigated the effects of message framing and temporal distance on pre-cycling behavioral intention. In terms of message frame, suggestive messages increased pre-cycling behavioral intention more than coercive messages, and temporal distance had no direct effect on pre-cycling behavioral intention. Assertive messages were associated with higher pre-cycling behavioral intentions when the target was interpreted as near future and suggestive messages were interpreted as distant future. Although temporal distance did not directly affect pre-cycling behavioral intention, it positively influenced consumers' pro-environmental behavioral intention by reducing their antipathy toward assertive messages. The implications of this study extend to the realm of management, offering insights into steering consumer behavior in response to pro-environmental messages.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2015

A self-administered survey was conducted on the dental hygiene students at three different colleges located in Gyeonggi Province and South Chungcheong Province respectively from October, 2013, to the same month of 2014 to grasp their oral health management behavior, differences in plaque index according to plaque index systems and the correlation of the two. And their plaque index was measured. The findings of the study were as follows: 62.8% of the respondents replied they got a dental checkup over the past year, and 84.1% answered they received preventive dental treatment once at least or more. 80.5% replied they used a fluorine-containing dentifrice. 90.9% answered they used the rolling method to brush their teeth, and 50.0% replied it took three minutes to brush their teeth. They got a mean of 27.88 when O'leary index was used among plaque index systems. Their PHP index and PHP-M index were respectively a mean of 1.30 and a mean of 12.12. Their plaque index became lower when they spent more time brushing their teeth, and the toothbrushing time made a statistically significant difference to that (p<0.05). The factor that exerted the largest influence on plaque index was whether to brush teeth for the sake of oral health (B=-9.747, t=-3.752, p<0.001) or not. That made a statistically significant difference to it. The above-mentioned findings illustrated that more patients visited dental clinics than before to receive preventive dental treatment or to get dental checkups, and that toothbrushing time and whether to brush teeth for the sake of oral health or not were identified as the oral health management behaviors to affect plaque index.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.132-158
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• 2023

The five-story and seven-story stone pagodas at Cheongnyangsaji temple site in Gongju are located under the Sambulbong peak of Gyeryongsan mountain, and are known to have been built of the middle in Goryeo dynasty. As the two pagodas in which two types of Baekje stone pagoda coexist in one era, their historical and academic value are recognized. The seven-story pagoda was overturned by robbery in 1944, and as a result, the five-story pagoda was tilted. Although the two pagodas were restored in 1961, structural instability was continuously raised. In this study, measurement data accumulated from May 2021 to March 2022, and seasonal characteristics were reviewed, and the micro behavior of pagodas were analyzed according to temperature and precipitation during the same period. As a result, the micro thermoelastic behavior was repeated according to the daily temperature change in all sensors, and both the slope and the displacement showed microscale behavior. In the inclinometer, moisture containing the surface and inside of the stones repeated expansion and contraction due to temperature change, showing the micro movements. In particular, the upper part of the five-story pagoda moved up to 3.89° to the northwest, and the seven-story pagoda tilted up to 0.078° to the northeast. The maximum displacements were recorded as 0.127 and 0.149 mm in the five-story and the seven-story pagoda, respectively. These values tended to return to the original position at the end of the measurement, but did not recover completely, indicating a state requiring precise monitoring. The result obtained through the study can be used as basic data for the stable conservation of the two stone pagodas. Based on the behavioral characteristics considering various environmental factors should be analyzed, and the preventive conservation through the maintenance of measurement system built this time should be continued.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.261-270
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• 2024

Background: Various researchers are calculating the health adjusted life expectancy (HALE) at the regional level in South Korea using several methods, most studies merely enumerate the differences in healthy life expectancy based on social characteristics. This study aims to analyze the association between various sociodemographic factors and HALE at the regional level. Methods: To calculate HALE, we utilized the various data sources, including National Health Insurance claims data, and applied the Sullivan's method. We conducted multiple linear regression with regional socioeconomic variables from Korean Statistical Information Service. For the multiple linear regression analysis, we designed three regression models. Model 1 comprised solely socioeconomic variables, model 2 involved both socioeconomic variables and individual health behaviors, and model 3 integrated model 2 with healthcare utilization. Results: The analysis shows that an increase in financial independence (p<0.05), population density (p<0.1), and the number of doctors (p<0.05) associated with an increase in HALE, whereas an increase in the number of beds (p<0.01) was associated with a decrease in HALE. In case of the obesity rate, in model 2 (p<0.1) and model 3 (p<0.05), there was a negative association between HALE and obesity rate. Conclusion: Amidst various variables, it was observed that increased financial independence in specific regions had association with an increase in HALE, highlighting the need for stronger local governance in South Korea. Additionally, the inverse association between hospital beds and HALE suggests several implications, such as the appropriate deployment of healthcare resources. To gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between hospital beds and HALE, further analysis distinguishing different types of hospital beds across healthcare institutions seems necessary.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.465-479
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• 2018

Purpose: This study examined the frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in Korean adolescents and the major factors influencing the excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, such as sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, psychological characteristics, and dietary habits. Methods: The analysis was performed using the data from the 2017 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. The subjects included in the analysis were 30,885 middle school students and 31,391 high school students, totaling 62,276. The frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was calculated by summing the consumption frequencies of soda, high caffeine or energy drinks, and sweet beverages over the last 7 days. The Rao-Scott chi-square test, reflecting information on the sampling design, was used to test the differences in the rate of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption according to each factor. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors influencing the excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Results: The rate of sweetened beverage consumption was higher in boys than in girls, in high school students than in middle school students, in students whose father's education level was lower, in those whose subjective academic performance was lower, and in those who smoked or consumed alcohol. In addition, the rate of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was higher in those who experienced severe stress, suicidal ideation, sadness, or a sense of despair. The rate of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was also high in those who skipped breakfast; who frequently consumed fast foods, ramen, or snacks; and who frequently ate meals at convenience stores, supermarkets, or school stores. Conclusion: The rate of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in Korean adolescents is related to various factors, such as sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, psychological characteristics, and dietary habits.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to classify frail and non-frail elderly and to investigate health promoting behaviors and perceived health status in the elderly according to the type of residency. Methods: This was a descriptive study. Data collection was performed from June 15th, 2009 to August 2nd, 2009. The subjects were selected at D city in Korea. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test, and ANCOVA test with SPSS/Win 15.0 program. Results: 20.8% of the elderly living at home and 49.2% of those living in institution were frail. Frailty of the elderly living in institution was severer than those living at home. Non-frail elderly according to the type of residency showed higher scores of health promotion behavior and perceived health status than frail elderly. The elderly living at home showed higher scores of health promotion behavior than those living in institution. Conclusions: In the comparison study between the elderly living at home and institution, ratio of frail elderly among the elderly living in institution is high and health promotion behaviors are deficient as well. Frail preventive program for the elderly is needed to develop and apply in consideration of these findings.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2000

Ten Dongs were selected according to the systematic cluster sampling in Koryong Gun, and the survey was conducted on 571 women in the age between 30-69 years. The first survey was performed for 6 days between August 27 to September 1, 1999 with the investigation rate of 60.3%, and the second survey was performed in November with the investigation rate of 91.8%. The contents of survey included demographic characteristics, health behaviors, dyspepsia symptom score, sleeping induction time and the degree of sleep satisfaction, and degree of stress in the subjects. The dyspepsia symptom score was in the average 13.4 points out of a total 44 points and was the highest in the 50-59 year-old age group with 13.9 points. The sleep induction time was in the average of 35 minutes and was the highest in the 50-59 year-old age group with 40.9 minutes; the degree of sleep satisfaction was in the average of 7.9 points and was the lowest in the 50-59 year-old age group with 7.5 points. The stress score was in the average of 18.3 points and was highest in those subjects in their 40's and 50's with 18.7 points. When the correlation among the stress score, the degree of sleep satisfaction and dyspepsia symptom score was analyzed, the results showed that he stress score and the degree of sleep satisfaction showed a significant negative correlation and that the stress score and dyspepsia symptom score showed a significant positive correlation. Also, a significant negative correlation was found between the degree of sleep satisfaction and dyspepsia symptom score. According to each age group, a significant correlation was revealed among the stress score, dyspepsia symptom score and the degree of sleep satisfaction in those subjects over 40 years of age compared to those subjects who were younger than 40 years of age. As for educational level, the correlation among the stress score, the degree of sleep satisfaction and dyspepsia symptom score was higher in those subjects with less than middle school education compared to those subjects with more than high school education. When those factors that effects on the dyspepsia symptom score were analyzed with multiple regression, the results showed that the level of stress and chronic diseases were selected as significant variables. When those factors that affected on the degree of sleep satisfaction were analyzed, the sleep induction time and presence of chronic diseases and stress were selected as significant variables. Those women in their 50's who live in rural areas showed the highest level of stress, lowest the degree of sleep satisfaction, and highest level of dyspepsia, indicating that they need stress management. Also, since stress was showed to be a significant variable effecting on dyspepsia or the degree of sleep satisfaction, it is concluded that health promotion is possible through stress management. More studies are needed in the future on coping resources that would strengthen coping against stress, and by conducting studies on stress and related factors on community people, the measures of mental health promotion need to be developed.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.85-97
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was designed to understand the oral health knowledge & conduct of middle-school students, search for the learning objective and the educational method in line with the subjects and of utilizing as the basic data for an effective oral health-care program. Methods: The samples to achieve the purpose of this research are composed of 139 students in middle-school, OO county. Chungcheongbuk-do, the number of male students 64, and female students 75. Data were statistically analyzed by frequency analysis, $x^2$-test or Fisher's exact test by using SPSS WIN Ver. 12.0. Results: Among items on oral-health knowledge in middle-school students. the awareness ratio on a cause and preventive method for oral disease was surveyed to be lower than the awareness ratio on symptoms of oral disease. As a result of examining by comparing knowledge and behavior on the time of tooth brush. both awareness and behavior were the level of 50% or less than it. In particular, 46.2% perceived after lunch. but practice just accounted for 33.0%. The frequency of tooth brush a day was the largest in a case(47.5%) of doing twice a day. However. there was also the response (5.8%) with saying of brushing once or not brushing even once. Thus, the practice of tooth brush was surveyed to be very low even if being a minority of students. The frequency of taking a light meal was 68.8% in less than twice a day. However, even students of taking more than five times were surveyed to be 9.8%. Out of the whole-body health in over 50%-59.9%. the oral health was surveyed to be perceived to be very important. Compared to the awareness level on importance of a tooth, the ratio of visiting a dentistry was analyzed to be very low. Conclusions: The study results suggest that the school oral-health project was examined to have the necessity of being expanded and carried out even in middle-and-high schools, by which the specific oral-health promotion program including oral-health education in this period is developed.