• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2024

Purpose : Sarcopenic obesity is associated with adverse health consequences in females. Nevertheless, there has been limited research on the hazardous components and prevailing rates of sarcopenic obesity among younger women. This study aimed to identify the hazardous components and prevailing rates of sarcopenic obesity in younger females. Methods : This study utilized data based on 2008~2011 from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys by the centers for disease control and prevention. The analysis was concentrated on a subset of 1,520 women aged between 30 and 39 years of age. The participants answered a questionnaire to gather demographic information. They then underwent a physical examination to measure the human detention variables, which was conducted utilizing bioelectrical impedance analysis. The blood pressure and blood laboratory tests were determined using established laboratory protocols for evaluating blood parameters. Results : This study included 1,520 patients aged 30~39 years old. The mean age of the participants was 34.97 (years)±2.74 and the overall prevailing rate was 1.84 %. The hazard components in human dimensions were the height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). The hazard components in biochemical and blood pressure were high fasting glucose, increased triglyceride, elevated total cholesterol, high systolic blood pressure, and increased diastolic blood pressure with p-values <.05. Conclusion : This study examined the hazardous components and prevailing rates of sarcopenic obesity in younger women living in the community. The results contribute to the current body of knowledge on sarcopenic obesity and shed light on possible hazardous components in a younger female population. Based on these findings, there should be increased health and medical attention towards the prevention, management, and health promotion related to reducing risk factors for sarcopenic obesity in younger women.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.89-101
• /
• 2003

For the pre-feasibility study and project evaluation, the discount rate or cutoff rate should be given by the government authority. To get the Benefit/Cost Ratio, NPV(Net Present Value) and IRR(Internal Rate of Return) of the public investment projects, the pertinent and realistic discount rate should be determined to be suitable to the present time period. The cut-off rates in Korea were equivalent to 15% in 1970's, 10% in 1980's and 8% in 1990's. The prevailing rate of discount as 8% is considered not to be suitable for the 2000's public project appraisal considering the present interest rates on deposit and national bonds. To determine the socio-economic feasibility of the public projects, the IRR should be bigger than the present cutoff rate. When we still use the high old rate of discount, the analytical results of project appraisal will show always economically unfeasible. Therefore the new rate of discount suitable for present time should be determined by the government. The public projects to be implemented in 2000 year onward are recommended to be adapted 5% of cutoff rate for the project appraisal and evaluation according to the results of reviewing the tendency of discount rates and market rates of interest in Korea.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.309-330
• /
• 2009

This paper analyzes comparatively the effects of changes in real effective exchange rates on the business fluctuations of the cases of Korea and Japan employing structural vector auto-regression(S-VAR) model which uses quarterly data for the five variables of real effective exchange rates, GDP gap, real interest rates, oil prices, inflation rates for the period of 1980-2006. The paper employes impulse-response analysis and variance decompositions. The paper finds that real exchange rate depreciations are contractionay for the case of Korea while they are expansionary for the case of Japan. These results are consistent with the prevailing empirical results that real exchange rate depreciations are contractionary for developing countries while expansionary for advanced countries.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.144-153
• /
• 2002

This is a review paper, assessing progress reported in a Special Issue (Prandle and Lane, 2000) of Coastal Engineering focusing on simulation of SPM in the North Sea, against issues over a diverse range of shelf seas and their coastal margins. The broad objectives of reproducing the characteristics of sediment fluxes off an open coast and relating these to tidal and wave forcing were achieved. However, accurate computation of these fluxes remains sensitive to largely empirical coefficients used in determining erosion and deposition rates. Bed roughness strongly influences both these coefficients and the associated near-bed current magnitudes (including wave impact thereon). Bed roughness can change significantly over a tidal cycle and dramatically over seasons or in the course of a major event. Accurate simulation of sediment fluxes on a day-to-day basis is constrained by dependency on the initial distribution of mobile sediments. The latter depends on rates and locations of original sources and the time history of preceding events. Remote sensing via aircraft could provide data for assimilation into such models to circumvent these constraints. The approaches described here can be readily applied to other coastal regions to indicate the likely distributions and pathways of known sediment sources. However quantitative simulations will require an associated observational programme. A subsequent stage is to understand the evolving balance between the forecasted sediment movement - the resulting morphological adjustments and thence modifications to the prevailing tidal current and wave regimes.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1995.07b
• /
• pp.535-539
• /
• 1995

In recent years, electric industries in many countries confront with a structural change in business and socio-economic environments. Since 1984, PUC and utilities in U.S.A. have adopted or developing competitive bidding systems, and this new procurement programs prevailing and restructuring the power markets. In Korea, government and the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) invited the private sector to build and operate two 500 MW coal plants and two 400 MW LNG plants during 2001 - 2004. The plan also specifies basic concepts and conditions for the IPP projects such that new IPPs are selected through competitive bidding system with the purchased power price based on the avoided cost. In this study, the direction, guideline and scoring methods to Korean IPP bidding system are presented. Also, as a benchmark price and rates for purchased power, the avoided cost calculation models are developed, this study may contribute for the development of private power in Korea, and improve overall economic efficiencies of whole electric power sector.

• SUVANNABHUMI
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.149-174
• /
• 2018

Southeast Asians participate in elections eagerly, a fact indexed by the high electoral participation rates across a range of political conditions in the region. What gives elections in Southeast Asia such high legitimacy? Using data from Indonesia and the Philippines, this article emphasizes the need to understand peoples' rationalities, which are informed by meanings generated by prevailing cultural practices. From this perspective, electoralism can be understood as a cultural phenomenon that conforms to the structure of a ritual. Despite the democratic deficit in many electoral exercises, elections share the attractiveness and fun of traditional community festivities. Voters participate in elections as a testament to membership in a community. Although they do not always transform the existing social arrangements, elections embed contradictory impulses in the same way that cockfights do. A procedure of formal democracy authored elsewhere, electoralism has been localized in Southeast Asia and invested with indigenous significance.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.146-153
• /
• 2007

The detailed chemistry with reaction mechanism of GRI 2.11, which consists of 49 species and 279 elementary reactions, have been numerically conducted to investigate the flame structure and NO emission characteristics in a non-premixed counterflow flame of blended fuel of $H_2/CO_2/Ar$. The combination of $H_2,\;CO_2$, and Ar as fuel is selected to clearly display the contribution of hydrocarbon products to flame structure and NO emission characteristics due to the breakdown of $CO_2$. Radiative heat loss term is involved to correctly describe the flame dynamics especially at low strain rates. All mechanisms including thermal, $NO_2,\;N_2O$, and Fenimore are also taken into account to separately evaluate the effects of $CO_2$ addition on NO emission characteristics. The increase of added $CO_2$ quantity causes flame temperature to fall since at high strain rates diluent effect is prevailing and at low strain rates the breakdown of $CO_2$ produces relatively populous hydrocarbon products and thus the existence of hydrocarbon products inhibits chain branching. It is also found that the ratio of the contribution by Fenimore mechanism to that by thermal mechanism in the total mole production rate becomes much larger with increase in the $CO_2$ quantity and strain rate, even though the absolute quantity of NO production is deceased. Consequently, as strain rate and $CO_2$ quantity increase, NO production by Fenimore mechanism is remarkably augmented.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.12
• /
• pp.5119-5124
• /
• 2015

Background: HPV vaccination in Singapore is voluntary and physician prescription-based. This study investigated the current status and intention for HPV vaccination among Singapore nurses. Materials and Methods: All female nurses in a general hospital were given an anonymous questionnaire on HPV vaccination experience and intention of vaccinating their daughters. The influence of age, knowledge and perceived-risk of cervical cancer, and cultural background on mother's intention of vaccinating their daughters was analyzed. Results: Of 2,000 nurses, 1,622 (81.1%) responded and analysis was performed on 1,611 with valid data. They showed good awareness on association of cervical cancer with multiple sexual partners (81.9%), history of sexually transmissible diseases (78.2%), and history of genital warts/HPV infection (73.5%), and on cervical cancer preventive effects of HPV vaccination (54.6%). The prevailing misconceptions of the vaccines were: investigational nature (38.9%), side effects (27.9%) and indicated for women at high risk for cervical cancer (20.5%). Conclusions: Misconceptions on the nature, role and safety of HPV vaccines low vaccine up-take rates and daughters. Dissemination of adequate and accurate HPV vaccine information and a review for school-based vaccination are needed for optimal delivery of HPV vaccines in Singapore.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.482-487
• /
• 2006

As the uses of dental implants are prevailing, the need for sinus bone graft is increasing. Deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) was not mentioned in 1996 Sinus Bone Graft because of the deficit of the available data. Since then, many clinical and laboratory reports support the use of DBBM in the sinus bone graft procedure. In this report, the histological and clinical successes of sinus bone grafting with DBBM is discussed with available literatures. After sinus bone grafts with DBBM, the proportion of new bone formed was similar or superior to natural maxillary posterior alveolar bone after healing period of 6 months to 1 year. It seems that the grafted DBBM is not be either resorbed nor replaced with bone, but this may not disturb the osseointegration of dental implants installed into it. The clinical survival rates of dental implants installed on the sinus grafted with DBBM was similar to those installed on the ungrafted posterior maxillary alveolar ridge or grafted with autogenous bone. So, it can be concluded that DBBM can be used successfully in the sinus bone graft.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.155-171
• /
• 2019

In this study, Semi-active Tuned Mass Dampers (STMDs) are employed in order to cover the prevailing uncertainties and promote the efficiency of the Tuned Mass Dampers (TMDs) to mitigate undesirable structural vibrations. The damping ratio is determined using type-1 and type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controllers (T1 and T2 FLC) based on the response of the structure. In order to increase the efficiency of the FLC, the output membership functions are optimized using genetic algorithm. The results show that the proposed FLC can reduce the sensitivity of STMD to excitation records. The obtained results indicate the best operation for T1 FLC among the other control systems when the uncertainties are neglected. According to the irrefutable uncertainties, three supplies for these uncertainties such as time delay, sensors measurement noises and the differences between real and software model, are investigated. Considering these uncertainties, the efficiencies of T1 FLC, ground-hook velocity-based, displacement-based and TMD reduce significantly. The reduction rates for these algorithms are 12.66%, 26.43%, 20.98% and 21.77%, respectively. However, due to nonlinear behavior and considering a range of uncertainties in membership functions, T2 FLC with 7.2% reduction has robust performance against uncertainties compared to other controlling systems. Therefore, it can be used in actual applications more confidently.