• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Mathematical Education Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1-16
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate how fifth and sixth graders recognize average and to find out suggestions for teaching/learning methods of average by examining which difference there is depending on the way of the word problem presentation. To solve these study questions, With the way of the word problem presentation set up as experimental treatment experiment was conducted to analyze these. In conclusion, since students who did not learn the regular course of average values had various informal concepts already, it is needed to consider handling more various concepts of average in order to enable students to expand flexible thoughts. And informal concepts of average students showed were the same or similar to types of formalized concepts and had logicality and propriety in their own way. Compared with fifth graders, sixth graders showed a wide difference in informal concepts of average depending on the way of the word problem presentation.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.133-142
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• 2001

In the area of speech processing, raw signals used to be presented in 2D format and different kinds of algorithms use the format to solve their problems. However, such kinds of presentation methods have limitations to extract characteristics from the signal, even though the algorithms are quiet good. The basic reason is that not much information can be detected from the 2D signal. Strange attractor in the field of chaos theory provides the 3D presentation method. In the area of the recognition problem, signal construction method is very important because good features can be detected from a good shape of attractors. This paper discusses a new presentation method that can be used to construct strange attractor in a different way. Normal strange attractor uses time-delay idea while the new method uses time-delay and vector average. This method provides us good information to be applied to speaker recognition problem.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.163-178
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• 2009

Fashion pictorials are recognized as another form of communication method beyond the concept of simply providing information or being artistic photography. Therefore, it is believed that there is necessity to know methods of making a strong impression on people's conscience by effective usage of various presentation techniques that can be used in fashion pictorials. This research studied characteristics of closed form and open form of Wolfflin's precept of forms presented in scene construction. Depaysement technique was classified into three classes which are alien transportation of a part, deformation and ambivalence of an image through literature review of depaysement presentation technique. After studying the concept and characteristics of narrative applicable as the open form, Annie Leibovitz's "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" published in an actual fashion magazine was analyzed as an empirical study based on the theoretical research. Through this study, potential of applying depaysement technique as a presentation technique of closed form and narrative as a presentation technique of open form on fashion pictorials was identified. Factors that infuse creativity and achieve uniformity in producing fashion pictorials were shown through analysis of actual fashion pictorials.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2022

Purpose: There is a strong correlation between trauma and pain. Pain increases the rate of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and even mortality in trauma patients. Methods: This institution-based, provider-blinded and patient-blinded, observational study was conducted among trauma patients treated at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Over the course of 3 months, this study included patients who had no prior pain management at other hospitals before presentation, and who presented within 24 hours of the traumatic event. Results: Of the 74 patients evaluated, none of the patients had their pain level scored. The researcher-provided pain scale showed a severe subjective pain score for 79.7% of the patients and a severe functional activity score for 59.5% of the patients. Analgesia was provided at an average of 55.4 minutes after presentation and all patients received either diclofenac or tramadol. Satisfactory pain reduction after analgesia was 28.8% for patients initially complaining of severe pain, 54.6% for moderate pain, and 66.7% for mild pain, with the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05). Forty percent of patients discharged home received no analgesia after the first dose provided upon presentation. Conclusions: Pain scoring was nonexistent during the course of the study. The poor utilization rate of analgesia combination and opioids led to unsatisfactory pain outcomes in patients evaluated and followed for 24 hours after presentation.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.1441-1456
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• 1998

The concept of a hyperpresmtation, as an extension of a hypermedia, is the presentation in which time-varying multimedia presentations are dynamically linked together and a hyperlink's context can be changed over time at any time during a continuous presentation. Problems caused by integrating the hyperpresentation into an existing multimedia system which handles a sequential presentation only are, how to describe the hyperprcsentation, how to set up a hyperlink on a continuous media, and how to check the consistency of the synchronized presentations. In this paper. a new synchronization description method for the hyperpresentation and a method for setting a hyper link on a continuous media during" presentation are proposed after havin!; SHrvey of existing methods, The proposed method deals with only the DC value in a stream ut a DCT based compressed data for checking a condition of te link. Finally, the method for checking the consistency of mixed presentations before actual play of the hnlerpresentation is described. Proposed methods are implemented on MuX(Multimedia IO Server) where a sample scenario is tested.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.123-128
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• 2017

This study aims to compare the performance of syllable identification task according to auditory and visual stimuli presentation methods and syllable position. Twenty-two typically developing children (age 4-6) participated in the study. Three-syllable words were used to identify the first syllable and the final syllable in each word with auditory and visual stimuli. For the auditory stimuli presentation, the researcher presented the test word only with oral speech. For the visual stimuli presentation, the test words were presented as a picture, and asked each child to choose appropriate pictures for the task. The results showed that when tasks were presented visually, the performances of phonological awareness were significantly higher than in presenting with auditory stimuli. Also, the performances of the first syllable identification were significantly higher than those of the last syllable identification. When phonological awareness task are presented by auditory stimuli, it is necessary to go through all the steps of the speech production process. Therefore, the phonological awareness performance by auditory stimuli may be low due to the weakness of the other stages in the speech production process. When phonological awareness tasks are presented using visual picture stimuli, it can be performed directly at the phonological representation stage without going through the peripheral auditory processing, phonological recognition, and motor programming. This study suggests that phonological awareness skills can be different depending on the methods of stimulus presentation and syllable position of the tasks. The comparison of performances between visual and auditory stimulus tasks will help identify where children may show weakness and vulnerability in speech production process.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.5
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• pp.33-59
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• 2000

Problem definition is as important as problem solving in decision making. Decision makers, however, tend to see problem partly or to define it unclearly. The researchers on decision making tend to lay a focus only on the Process of solving the given problem. This dissertation empirically studied the Problem diagnosis and definition in the decision making process. This study developed three kinds of DSS(Decision Support System) for the research and analyzed the effectiveness of the problem diagnosis and definition using DSS developed in this study. The three kinds of DSS are K-T(Kennel and Tregoe) DSS which is a method of table-styled information Presentation, and F-N(Fact-Net) DSS and C-E(Cause and Effect) DSS which are methods of graphic-styled information presentation. The empirical study was conducted twice; the pilot test and the main test. The samples of experiment are 218 students for the pilot test and 259 students for the main test. The author used K-T DSS and F-N DSS for the pilot test, and the revised K-T DSS and C-E DSS for the main test. A questionnaire survey method was included in the main test process The result of the study shows that the group using DSS in problem diagnosis and definition is more effective than the group not using DSS. A table-styled information presentation DSS, K-T, turns out more effective than a graphic-styled information presentation DSS, F-N, K-T DSS and C-E DSS showed no significant differences in the effectiveness in the main test. These results indicate that the use of DSS in the stage of problem diagnosis and definition is very effective and the methods and types of system design are a significant factors for DSS development.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.467-479
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• 2009

The high-tech computer technology developments have greatly affected the area of design education. Starting from the mid 80s, innovations in visual presentation methods have heightened with 2D computer graphic programs, CAD & 3D modeling, and Rapid Prototype that allows dimensional generation. The specialty and quality in design studio education have advanced due to the development in presentation methods such as Power Point and Keynote. But there are many problems with the current method of presenting the visual outcome in a data format using beam projectors, which is a vertical presenting method compared to the old studio study method of conducting discussions and reviews based on the substantial outcome. The essence of studio study that allows for comparisons and analysis by horizontally opening up the various work outcomes is being offset. Also the requirement for manual idea sketching work that plays an important role in the initial design phase continuing to decrease due to the digital working process dependence and cumbersome procedures in the presentation. In order to resolve this problem, the CALM system (Class Applied LCD Modular System) has been developed that replaces the method of attaching the sketches or renderings on the wall with a digital multi-display system. In a nutshell, individuals will upload the outcomes online and display them on the CALM system studio that is composed of 32 LCD (Columns: 4 $\times$ Rows: 8) monitors that are 19 inches in size so that various personnel can openly study the design outcomes. Also the central 42 inch PDP monitor that offers touch pad capability allows each design outcome to be described and examined by expanding. The concept phase of this development process has elevated to the production of an operating prototype that is being reviewed of its practicality. It is considered that the development of this system will decrease the extreme tendency of depending on digital operation but achieve revitalization of a more realistic and opened studio study environment compared to the individual consulting method of the old study approach.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.5
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• pp.699-708
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• 2002

Since various terminals and different networks get involved in playing of a multimedia presentation, the case that the presentation QoS at a destination should be different from the QoS of multimedia data at a source occurs frequently. For playing the multimedia presentation, the multimedia data at a source should be transcoded into the multimedia data satisfying the QoS required at the terminal. The problem of generating the transcoding path is that, for a given multimedia presentation, different transcoding paths depending the terminal and networks should be generated. That is, a fixed transcoding path cannot be applied to a multimedia presentation. Instead, whenever the terminal and network to play the presentation get determined, a proper transcoding path should be regenerated automatically. In this paper, the algorithm for generating the transcoding path and the method for checking the playability of the generated path are proposed. The generating algorithm adopted the technique of Context Free Grammar in describing the set of transcoding resources and a user's transcoding rules in order to utilize the well-known compiler techniques. For the playability check, a method of computing the transcoding time and the delay time between data units are proposed. Finally all the proposed methods were implemented in the stream engine, called Transcore and the presentation-authoring tool, called VIP, we had developed. And the test results with a sample scenario were presented at the last.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.53-68
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• 2015

This study analyzed online word-of-mouth information using content analysis to help practical categorization of two-sided eWOM. A total of 402 online consumer reviews on search goods and experience goods were collected. Descriptive characteristics(information direction, length of review line) and content structural characteristics(product benefit types, information presentation methods) were used as analysis criteria. The study results are as follows. First, the types of two-sided e-WOM direction were made of positive/negative, negative/positive, positive/negative/ positive, and negative/positive/negative. Second, the length of two-sided eWOM was longer than the length of one-sided eWOM and blended type accounted for the highest proportion both one-sided and two-sided eWOM at the aspect of product benefit. Third, holistic presentation method was overwhelmingly high in one-sided eWOM, whereas blended and analytic presentation methods were somewhat high in two-sided eWOM. Fourth, holistic presentation method was high in search goods, whereas blended and analytic presentation methods were high in experience goods. Based on these results, implications for two-sided e-WOM study and further research issues were discussed.