• 아동학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.115-133
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• 1999

The present study focused on the potentially adverse consequences for children of martial conflict from the children's perspective. Children's perception of martial conflict was analyzed by relationship to behavior problems (assessed by the parents) and demographic variables (child's sex and age, parents' education, father's occupation, mother's employment, mother's age and family income). Children's perception of martial conflict varied by child's age and sex, parents' education, father's occupation, mother's age, and family income. On the other hand, behavior problems of children varied not by child's age and sex but by parents' education, father's occupation, family income, and mother's age. Behavior problems of children varied by child's perception of martial conflict and by frequency of martial conflict and self-blame. Correlations between children's perception of martial conflict and behavior problems varied by child's age and sex.

• 아동학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.217-231
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• 2002

The present study investigated quality of school-age child care in 142 centers (42 child care centers, 54 social welfare centers, 35 local child center, and 11 elementary schools) located in Seoul. Overall, the quality of school-age child care was not up to standards : 7% were very well managed, 44.4% were well managed and 48.6% were poorly managed. Financial support from the government was the most important factor affecting the quality of school-age child care. The child care centers receiving financial support from the government showed high quality care.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.282-291
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• 2013

Rapid loss in viability of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) seed is a major problem. Present effort was undertaken for developing a set pattern for assessing of viability and vigour in seed of various mother tree age of neem (Age I-06 years, Age II-15 years, Age III-25 years and Age IV->30 years old). Various viability test viz. triphenyle tetrazolium chloride test, electrical conductivity, excised embryo test, and germination test have been performed on seeds obtained from mother tree age classes. Inconsistency was observed with the TTC and EC test in germination of seed in laboratory as well as nursery. While various vigour tests viz. cold test, chemical stress test (methanol stress test), and accelerated ageing test alongwith ageing index, germination test (G%, MGT and GV) and various seedling growth parameters like seedling length (cm), number of leaves, collar diameter (cm), total biomass (g) alongwith mathematical indices i.e. vigour index, sturdiness quotient, volume index, quality index, root shoot ratio in nursery as well have been taken for study and showed better consistency. On the basis present study results of various viability and vigour test indicated that mother tree age class II performed better in comparison to others and it can be recommended for seed collection. Further it is also recommended that viability of neem seed may be assessed using various laboratory tests like excise embryo test and germination test (G%, MGT and GV) and vigour test may be taken preferably by cold germination test, chemical (methanol) stress test, accelerated ageing test in laboratory and germination alongwith various seedling growth parameters seedling length (cm), number of leaves, collar diameter (cm), total biomass (g) alongwith mathematical indices like Vigour Index, Sturdiness quotient, Volume Index, Quality index, root shoot ratio in nursery as discussed in this study.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권13호
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• pp.5407-5409
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• 2014

Background: In National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) reports, various rates are routinely provided for 50 cancer sites of males and 54 cancer sites of females. Very often, depending on our interest, we wish to see these rates for group of cancers like head and neck cancers, oral cancers, and reproductive cancers. In such a situation, the desired rates are calculated independently from the actual data and reported. The question is can we derive the rates for groups of cancers from the published reports when the data is provided only for the individual sites? Objective: In the present paper, an attempt is made to explore the mathematical properties of various rates to derive them directly for the group of cancer sites from the published data when the rates are provided only for the individual sites. Source of data: The cancer incidence data collected by two urban Population Based Cancer Registries (PBCRs), under the network of NCRP for the period of 2006-08 was considered for the study purposes. The Registries included were: Bangalore and Bhopal. Results: In the present communication, we have shown that the crude rate (CR), age specific rates and age-adjuste rates (AAR) all possess additive properties. This means, given the above rates for individual sites, the above rates can be calculated for groups of sites by simply adding them. In terms of formula it can be stated that CR(Site1+Site2+++ SiteN) = CR(Site1)+CR(Site2) +++ CR(SiteN). This formula holds good for age specific rates as well as for AAR. This property facilitates the calculation of various rates for defined groups of cancers by simply adding the above rates for individual sites from which they are made up.

• 천문학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.43-61
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• 1989

The ages of field stars given in the catalogue of Cayrel de Strobel et al. (1985) are derived by the five different methods with combination of theoretical isochrones. By using these ages and metal abundances homogenized by Lee and Choe (1988), the age-metallicity relations are obtained. For disk stars of [Fe/H] > -0.9, the present age-metallicity relations are nearly consistent with those given by Twarog (1980) and Carlberg et al. (1985).

• 천문학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.19-36
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• 1982

For ${\sim}240$ nearby stars their age and mass were determined and kinematic parameters determined for 362 stars, applying Woolley's three-dimensional potential. Metallicity and kinematic parameters of these stars were correlated with their age, suggesting the slow collapse ($t{\gtrsim}a$ few billion years) of the Galaxy and the initial rapid enrichment in metal abundance (${\Delta}Z{\approx}1/3Z_1$(present) for ${\sim}4{\times}10^8$ yrs). The late slow enrichment rate is given by $d(Z/Z_{\odot})/dt=5.9{\sim}7.0{\pm}3.4$ per Gyr.

• 아동학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.65-82
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• 1987

The purpose of the present research was to study mothers' perceptions about their children' cognitive abilities and the relations between such perceptions and the children's cognitive level. The subjects of this study were 60 children (mean age: 6 years 1 month: age range = 5;8 to 6;7) and their mothers. Each child responded to 18 tasks drawn from the Kodae-Binet IQ test. Subsequently, the mothers were asked 4 questions: an estimate of her child's success or failure on the tasks, a rating of the certainty of her judgment, an estimate of the age of mastery on each task both for her owr child and children in general. The data of the present study were analyzed with the 3-way ANOVA (sex x birth order x mother's education level), t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Significant differences were found in (1) mothers' accuracy of their children's cognitive abilities according to children's birth order, (2) mothers' accuracy, overestimation, and certainty according to the level of difficulty of each task, and (3) mothers' estimate of age at mastery according to the level of each task. Furthermore, there were positive correlations between accurate predictions by the mother and correct answers by the child and between overestimations by the mother and correct answers by the child.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2009

This study reviewed the background of the advent of and the concept of age-integrated facilities where elderly persons' facilities and children's facilities have been built in the same plot or building or established adjacent to each other. And also it examined the concept, necessity, effects, and kinds of intergenerational interactions. Ten age-integrated facilities in Japan, where it is reported that intergenerational interactions are now being implemented, were selected and visited for surveys. This study implemented interviews with staff members and analyses of the drawings of the facilities to grasp the present state of age-integrated facilities and their plan types, etc. Through analyses of relationships between intergenerational interactions and the spaces in which these take place, this study discusses guidelines for space arrangement and for developing interaction space plans for age-integrated facilities that would facilitate intergenerational interactions.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.101-113
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• 1994

Maternity means all the women who are capable to conceive. In the aspect of health and medical care. however. it means the women who are now in pregnancy or have already given birth to a baby or are in a period of being recoverd from physiological changes occurred by pregnancy. According to the rapidly changing social structure. both the Quality and Quantity of the capacity of childbirth experienced by women are changing. Our society. having established a great economical growth by virtue of the highly developing and growing industrialization and urbanization. stimulates the women's advance into society and thereby increasing the number of employed women. When the women's participation in society is increased. their age of marriage is also affected. Which means there are a decrease of the capacity of childbirth in terms of quantity and a trend for women to have less children and to deliver a baby in their old age in terms of quality. On the contrary. since the number of multipara who want to have a baby in their old age is increasing. as a counter functional effect to the political project of decrease of a birth rate. concern has been focussed on childbirth in old age in the present study. And also such kind of the childbirth may be danger to the health of both mother and baby. Therefore the present study intended to provide some basic data of health education in the part of the health management of both mother and baby in the general hospital. based on understanding the realities of childbirth in. old age and things related to them. To achieve such a purpose of the present study. an analytical study by means of SPSS. was done using the data of 269 clinical records on both the newborn .babies and their mothers who had been supported by public general hospitals located in Seoul for 3 years from Jan. 1. 1991 to Dec. 31. 1993. Some significant results from the analytic study are as follows: 1. It appeared that the average age of normal. natural delivery was 33.8 years old and the average age of delivery through the cesarean operation was 35.4 years old. 2. It appeared that danger factors to childbirth women were types of the delivery and placental extrusion and danger factors to newborn babies are not so outstanding. 3. It appeared that the variables of the childbirth capacity which showed a significant difference according to each age group of women were the number of pregnancy. number of still birth, and number of existing children. That is. the age group of 'more than 35 years' had more frequency of experience In all 3 variables than the age group of 'less than 35 years'. 4. It appeared that the variables of the childbrith capacity which showed a significant difference a according to the sex of a newborn baby were number of pregnancy, number of still birth, and number of existing children. That is, the age group of 'more than 35 years' had more frequency of experience in all 3 variables than the age group of 'less than 35 years'. 5. It appeared that the health index of newborn babies which showed a significant difference was only 5 minute APGAR. That is, the health index 9.46 in the age group of 'more than 35 years' was less than an index of 9.72 in the age group of 'less than 35 years'. 6. Since a counter correlation of -0.10, as Pearson Correlation Coefficient, was showed between the age of childbirth mothers and the weight of newborn babies, it indicated that the higher age of childbirth woman, the lesser the weight of newborn baby. 7. It appeared that the number of women who had confirmed the sex of their baby before their delivery were 45 women, $67.2\%$ of total 67 women who had delivered a baby. and the expected sex by women in childbed was male with $73.1\%$ of total childbirth women expecting male birth and with their expression of feeling of female delivery. very regretful' by $39.3\%$ of total childbirth women. The results as shown above may indicate that instead of the possibility of danger to both the mother delivering a baby in old age and the baby delivered, the expectation of getting a son motivates childbirth in old age. As a conclusion, in a dimension of general hospital as well as national reform. it is required that a program of health education for childbirth in late maternal age have to be developed in the part of the health management of both mother and baby in the near future.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.556-570
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 구술성과 문자성이 결합된 구어적 매체의 특징과 그것이 16세기와 21세기에 미친 영향을 각각 분석하여 현대 기독교에로의 적용점을 찾아보려는 것이다. 오늘날의 전자시대는 전화, 라디오, 텔레비전 등과 같은 이차적인 구술성에 의해서 형성되었으면서도 그 존립을 쓰기와 인쇄에 힘입는 구술성의 시대라고 할 수 있다. 역사적으로, 구술성에서 문자성으로 전환, 나아가서 전자 시대로의 전환은 사회적, 경제적, 정치적, 종교적 구조 및 그 밖의 여러 구조와 서로 맞물려 있다는 것은 잘 알려진 사실이다. 이러한 관점에서, 본 연구의 첫 부분에서 1차적 구술문화가 가지는 특징을 분석하고 그것이 어떻게 문자 매체와 결합하여 구어적 매체가 되었으며 나아가 16세기 종교개혁자들이 얼마나 시의 적절하게 그 새로운 매체를 활용함으로 종교개혁에 큰 힘을 발휘하였는가를 살펴보았다. 두 번째로는 문자성에 기반한 전자매체가 구술성과 결합하여 전혀 새로운 현대 구어적 매체를 이루었다는 사실을 살펴보고 현대 기독교에 적용할 수 있는 몇 가지 대안들을 제시하였다.