• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2023

Background: Some working conditions may pose a higher physical or psychological demand to pregnant women leading to increased risks of pregnancy complications. Objectives: We assessed the association of woman's employment status and the industrial classification with obstetric complications. Methods: We conducted a national population study using the National Health Information Service database of Republic of Korea. Our analysis encompassed 1,316,310 women who experienced first-order live births in 2010-2019. We collected data on the employment status and the industrial classification of women, as well as their diagnoses of preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) classified as A1 (well controlled by diet) or A2 (requiring medication). We calculated odds ratios (aORs) of complications per employment, and each industrial classification was adjusted for individual risk factors. Results: Most (64.7%) were in employment during pregnancy. Manufacturing (16.4%) and the health and social (16.2%) work represented the most prevalent industries. The health and social work exhibited a higher risk of PE (aOR = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.21), while the manufacturing industry demonstrated a higher risk of class A2 GDM (1.20, 95% CI: 1.03-1.41) than financial intermediation. When analyzing both classes of GDM, women who worked in public administration and defense/social security showed higher risk of class A1 GDM (1.04, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.07). When comparing high-risk industries with nonemployment, the health and social work showed a comparable risk of PE (1.02, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.07). Conclusion: Employment was associated with overall lower risks of obstetric complications. Health and social service work can counteract the healthy worker effect in relation to PE. This highlights the importance of further elucidating specific occupational risk factors within the high-risk industries.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2008

무정자증을 보이는 40세 남성과 3대에 걸쳐 정상 생식력과 표현형을 보이는 38세 산모의 가계에서 동원체를 포함한 X 염색체의 역위를 경험한 바, 이를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다. 첫 번째 증례의 남성 환자는 정상범위의 LH, prolactin, estradiol, testosterone 혈중농도를 보였으나 FSH는 20 mIU/mL을 보여 정상수치보다 높았다. 조직학적 소견으로는 정소 내 제 1, 제 2 정모세포의 발달이 정지되어 있었지만 Y 염색체의 sY84, sY129, sY134, sY254, sY255, SRY 부위에 대한 미세결실은 없었다. 그 외 특이할 만한 임상적 소견은 보이지 않았다. 환자의 말초혈액으로부터 세포유전학적 검사로 GTL-분염법 판독을 한 결과, 46,Y,inv(X)(p22.1q27)로 나타났다. 두 번째 증례의 산모와 그 태아는 각각 46,X,inv(X)(p22.11q27.2), 46,X,inv(X)(p22.1q27)의 핵형이 관찰되었다. 이 산모의 가계는 본 연구실에서 친언니의 산전진단 시 언니, 언니의 태아, 환자의 아버지가 각각 46,X,inv(X)(p22.11q27.2), 46,Y,?inv(X), 46,Y,inv(X)(p22.11q27.2)의 형태로 inv(X)가 관찰된 기록이 있었고 대상자 모두 inv(X)로 인한 특징적인 임상적 증상은 보이지 않았다. 또한 RBG-분염법을 통해 관찰한 X 염색체의 비활성화는 언니의 inv(X) 비활성화 비율이 4.1%, 환자는 69.5%로 혈액세포 내에서의 X 염색체의 비활성화 비율은 서로 다르게 관찰되었다. 따라서 이 가계의 inv(X)는 특정 유전자의 손상이 없는 균형적 역위이며, X염색체의 역위현상으로 인한 비정상 표현형이나 생식기능의 결함은 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나 증례 1의 남성의 경우 세포유전학적으로 동일한 위치에 절단점을 가졌으나 생식세포의 발달과정의 결함이 관찰되었으며, 절단점 주변에 위치한 중요한 유전인자들의 손상 가능성이 제기되었다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2014

Subject : Kim hong-kyung(金洪卿)'s view of eight extra meridians Object : Kim hong-kyung has not only deeply studied Saam acupuncture but also the function and characteristics of extra meridian at the same time. Especially, he has tried the study to connect yin yang wei qiao mai(陰陽維蹻脈) with Lee je-ma(李濟馬)'s four trigram constitution theory, therefore the author felt the need to make public the theory and started reserch on the theory. Method : I researched the physiological properties of extra meridians through the past eastern medical literature, I reported on the types of people to show well the properties of extra meridians gathering Kum-oh's verbal explanation when I had classes from him. Result : Kum-oh Kim hong-kyung defined meridians as passways of consciousness and feeling, he interpreted 12 meridians and extra meridians with the view of mind, which has very important meanings in the history of acupuncture in the point of first trial to interpret meridians from this view. He explained Ren mai(任脈) and Du mai(督脈) are meridians which show clearly properties of yin-yang to appear trusts of affirmation and distrusts of denial in the mind, as Ren(任) means entrusting and Du(督) means supervising in English. He explained Chong mai(衝脈) is the meridian representing impulsive man that has a meaning of impulse as being suggested the name of Chong mai, because Chong mai is borrowed from Foot shao yin kidney meridian(足少陰腎經). Dai mai(帶脈) is the meridian representing the characteristics of woman that has a meaning of binding as being suggested from the name of Dai mai which acts when people have something on their flank or they are pregnant, because Dai mai borrowed from Foot shao yang gall bladder meridian. He thought that four trigram divided from yin and yang is innate trigram, so Yang wei mai(陽維脈), Yin wei mai(陰維脈), Yang qiao mai(陽蹻脈), Yin qiao mai(陰蹻脈) among extra meridians have connections with Tai-yang ren(太陽人), Tai-yin ren(太陰人), Shao-yin ren(少陰人), Shao-yang ren(少陽人) of Four trigram constitution theory respectively which was created by Lee je-ma. He explained yang means opponents and wei(維) means binding. Yang wei mai is the meridian to be active when opponents bind or intervene in you, also the meridian is well active to the people who easily criticize others who are rude, to the people who well refuse restraints from organization. Because he explained yin means me and wei(維) means binding. Yin wei mai is the meridian to be active when I bind and intervene in opponents. He also state that the meridian is easily active to the people who have a tendency to gather people and make party apparatus by nature. He explained Yang qiao mai is the meridian to be active in the situation that people are waiting for others to bridge gap because yang means opponents and qiao(蹻) which has a meaning of standing on one's tiptoes means bridging gap between people. He also state the meridian is easily active to Shao yin ren who has a tendency to be passive, to easily settle down and not to move by nature. He explained Yin qiao mai is the meridian to be active in the situation that I bridge gap between me and others to make friends, because yin means me and qiao(蹻) which has a meaning of standing on one's tiptoes means bridging gap between me and others. He also state the meridian is easily active to Shao yang ren who is active in every business and who has remarkable ability to make friends. Conclusion : Kim hong-kyung stated the physiological properties of extra meridians as below. Ren mai is the meridian representing positive confidence which is easily active when people have a mind to trust others, Du mai is the meridian representing negative distrust which is easily active when people have doubts. Chong mai is the meridian representing the characteristics of man that has impulsive characteristics. Dai mai is the meridian representing the characteristics of woman to be easily active when she is pregnant. Yang wei mai has close connections with Tai-yang ren who has a tendency to refuse restraints from others and to criticize on opponent's remarks and behaviors that are wrong. Yin wei mai has close connections with Tai-yin ren, as the meridian is active in the situation that people enjoy restraining and intervening in others. Yang qiao mai has close connections with Shao yin ren, as the meridian is active to the people who are negative and passive by nature. Yin qiao mai has close connections with Shao yang yin who has a strong tendency to make friends easily by nature.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.10-20
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• 1988

각 의료기관에서 분만하는 산모와 신생아의 특성을 비교분석하고 의료기관별 산모와 신생아의 위험수준을 조사하여 특정 의료기관에서 관찰한 연구결과를 해석하는데 참고 자료를 제공하기 위하여 대구시내 3개 대학병원, 2개 종합병원,2개 개인의원, 1개 조산소, 그리고 1개 모자보건센터에서 1987년 4월 1일 부터 4월 30일 까지 1개월간(1개 대학병원은 2개월간) 분만한 산모 1,410명을 대상으로 산모의 연령, 교육수준, 의료비 지불방법, 산과력 및 특정의료기관을 선택한 이유를 면담 조사하고 병원기록지에서 신생아의 출생시 체중의 조사하였다. 대학병원과 종합병원을 이용한 산모의 평균 연령은 각각 27.5세, 26.7세로 조산소(25.4세)와 모자보건센터(26.1세)를 이용한 산모보다 많았고, 교육수준은 대학병원(평균 12.7년)과 종합병원(평균 12.2년) 산모가 조산소(평균 9.2년) 및 모자보건센터(평균 9.3년) 산모보다 월등히 높았다. 그리고 의료보험 대상자도 대학병원(78.1%)과 종합병원(82.9%) 산모가 개인의원(44.3%), 조산소(29.1%)나 모자보건센터(5.4%) 보다 많았다. 모자보건센터는 2번째 출산이 47.3%로 가장 많았으나 다른 의료기관은 모두 초산부가 $56.0{\sim}61.7%$로 제일 많았다. 산모의 산과력 비교에서는 대학병원 산모가 자연유산 경험율이 상대적으로 다른 의료기관 산모보다 높았고 사산 경험자도 소수였으나 조산소와 모자보건센터에서 분만한 산모는 사산 경험자가 1명도 없었다. 대학병원 산모의 경우 37주 이하의 조산아 출생율(11.4%)과 2,499gm이하의 저체중아 출생율($5.8{\sim}13.0%$)은 타 의료기관 보다 현저히 높았다. 이에 따라 제왕절개술에 의한 분만율은 의료기관간에 차이가 많았다. 결국 대구시내 대학병원과 종합병원에서 분만하는 산모들은 사회경제적으로 중, 상류층과 소득고하를 막론하고 고위험산모들이 많고 조산소와 모자보건센터는 저소득충의 산모 가운데 산과적으로 저위험군들이 많이 이용하고 있다. 따라서 특정 의료기관을 대상으로 조사한 자료를 해석하는데 많은 제한성이 있으며 전체 산모의 특성으로 일반화하는 것은 불가능한 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 1977

Nutrition counselors in Korea often encounter difficulty in their attempt to change village women's attitudes regarding food taboos which are counter to good eating habits. There are a great many food superstitions which are not due to religious influence, but seem to be related to shape and composition of food. Many expectant mothers superstitiously avoid eating certain foods for fear that they may cause mental or physical abnormality in their babies. As was shown in a previous survey (Mo, 1966)of villages in all provinces except Jeju Island, such superstitions were common among pregnant and lactating mothers. Many food taboos and superstitions based on non-scientific and irrational ideas do exist even in modern society, and are a major obstacle to nutritionally adequate food consumption. A study of food taboos among women of Jeju Island was undertaken from November to December of 1976, these results to be compared as well with those of the previous study. There were 73 items found to be prohibited during pregnancy. Of these, 48.7% were of the deaf group, 17.4% fish, 5.5% eggs, 4.7% cereal, and only 2.2% fruit. Of 252% women respondents, 111 (45% ) abstained from eating chicken, duck, and shark because of the belief that they would cause their babies to be born with gooseflesh or shark skin. Many of them avoided rabbit meat for fear that their babies might be born with harelip. It was also feared that a baby would become disfigured if his mother ate duck, goat, dog meat, chicken or duck eggs, or soup made of bones. A common superstition was that highly spiced or salty foods would cause the fetus to be hairless. Squid and octopus were believed to cause babies to have weak bones, or none at all. Most of these food taboos were associated with fears concerning Physical structure and appearance of unborn babies. Other taboos were associated with fear of undesirable behavioral characteristics. For example, some mothers thought that a baby would pinch or bite the mother's breast during the weaning period, if crab meat were eaten during pregnancy. Unevenly sliced rice cake, loach, snake meat and eel were also believed to cause a baby to be ill-tempered. The findings of this study are remarkably similar to those of the previous study conducted by the authour in 1966. Most of the same food taboos, based on non-scientific and irrational reasons, were found on Jeju Island as on the peninsula, and thor were similarly wide-spread. The results of correlational analysis show that the most significant factors related to prevalence of food taboos, are level of education and religious background. Number of food taboos is correlated with level of education. Also, food taboos are least freqent among the Christian woman. Proper nutrition education should he undertaken in order to encourage intake of protein-rich food, particularly during pregnancy when nutritional needs of mother and fetus are great.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 1992

This study was surveyed among 1136 respondent of high school girls in seoul from Feb. 6, till Feb. 22, 1992 for the purpose of analysing the smoking of high school girls and its factor. The data was analied by X²-test and Multiple Regression and shows the following. 1. Out of 1,136 respondent, the current smokers were found to be 176, 15.5% and the former smokers were 204, 18.0%. This implies that 23.5% of high school girls seoul have experience smoking. 2. For the first smoking time in both smoking group and former smokers, it shows that the third grade of middle school lead the lists. 36.9% (65) of the smokers and 37.3(75)of former smokers experienced the first smoking at that time. 70.5%(124) of the smoking group have the intention to stop smoking and the first reason of it is health problem, 65.6%(75). 3. For the type of the school the smoking rate rages from 2.7%(7) of literary part in day time to 25.3%(97) of vocational part in evening time and the rate of smoking experience shows from 9.9%(26) literary part in day time to 25.3%(97) of vocational part in evening time. This data show that literary part in day time has the lowst rate while vocational part in eveing time the highest rate. 4. Compared with non smoker group, smoking group and former smoking group spent more money (P<0.001) and felt dissatisfied with school life and didn't have good school records. 5. Smoking group and former smokers have more boy friends than non smoking group and in most cases their boy friend have smoking habits (P<0.001) and it is the same with their gril friend (P<0.001). 6. Compared with non smoker group, smoking group and former smokers lack of their parents' interest (P<0.001). But whether it is strict or free there is little difference among the three group. 7. For smoking group and former smoking group, in most cases their parent, brother and sister tend to smoke and especially their sisters' smoking has much influence on their smoking in comparison with non-smokers. 8. Compared with non-smoker group, smoking group and former smoking group tend to think less of the harm of smoking. In regard with health problem, more smoking group and former smokers think that smoking can relieve the stress (P<0.001), and more non-smokers know that when a pregnant woman smokes, it can cause the lack of supply of Oxygen{P<0.01). 9. Smoking group and former smoking group have more positive attitude towards smoking than non-smokers and tend to agree to their boy and girl friends' smoking(P<0.001).

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.480-490
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to report the level of extremely low frequency-magnetic field (ELF-MF) emitted by portable hand-held fans (HHF) and to discuss the methodologies for determining the health risk of ELF-MF for HHF products. Method: ELF-MF was monitored at eight locations by distances in the vicinity of HHFs. A total of 13 HHF brands on the market were randomly selected. A portable ELF-MF monitor MDEX II was used to measure the ELF-MF level in the range of 40-800 Hz with a resolution of $0.01{\mu}T$. This study also examined the frequency results of a total of 45 HHF products investigated by the Korean Ministry of Science and ICT (KMSICT). Results: ELF-MF higher than $0.3{\mu}T$ was found to be emitted at a distance of less than 20 cm from 12 HHF. ELF-MF emitted from four products was found to exceed the reference level ($83.3{\mu}T$ based on 60 Hz) recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). KMSIT reported that the principle frequency emitted from the HHFs ranged from 54 Hz to 284 kHz, without the level of LEF-MF. Unscientifically, the KMSICT used the reference level by ICNIRP as the chronic level and concluded that all HHFs are safe with a basis of 1.2-36.0% less than the reference level. Conclusion: The HHF emitted much higher levels of ELF-MF than $0.3-0.4{\mu}T$, which is regarded as the reference level for childhood leukemia. The risk of HHF should be examined in terms of whether they can be used by the general public, including children and pregnant woman.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2005

저자들은 중증 폐렴으로 인한 ARDS양상으로 내원한 임신 3개월의 속립성 결핵 환자를 경기관지 폐생검과 방사선 소견 및 임상양상을 종합적으로 고려하여 속립성 결핵에 의한 ARDS로 확진할 수 있었던 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.432-439
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• 2018

본 연구는 치과위생사를 대상으로 방사선 관리에 대한 지식, 태도, 안전관리 행위, 방사선 피폭 불안감을 분석하고 이에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석함으로써 방사선 안전 관리 수준을 향상하고 방사선 취급에 대한 올바른 인식 전환과 불안감을 줄이는 방안을 도출하고자 연구하였다. 연구기간은 2017년 9월 10일부터 10월 31일까지 전라북도에 근무하는 치과위생사 280명을 대상으로 SPSS 12.0 프로그램을 사용하여 빈도, 기술통계, 다중회귀분석을 실시하여 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 방사선 질 관리에 대한 지식 정도의 평균은 8.07 였고, 정답률은 75.3% 였다. 태도 정도는 96.1%가 긍정적인 태도를 보였으며, 방사선 안전관리 행위는 촬영자는 4.11 였고, '방사선 촬영 시 항상 TLD(개인선량계)를 착용한다'는 4.58 로 가장 높았다. 환자 방사선 안전관리 행위는 3.86 였고, '방사선촬영 전 가임기 여성의 임신 여부를 확인한다'는 4.69 로 가장 높았다. 방사선 피복 뷸안감은 3.86 였고, '임신 중 일 때 태아의 건강 문제로 염려된다'는 4.13로 가장 높았다. 방사선 피폭 불안감에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 방사선 안전관리 행위가 낮을수록, 연령이 낮을수록, 방사선 촬영경력이 낮을수록, 최종학력이 높을수록, 월 소득이 많을수록, 직위가 높을수록 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 이상의 연구결과를 토대로 치과위생사는 방사선 질 관리에 대한 지식, 태도, 안전관리 행위는 높았으나, 방사선 피폭 불안감은 높은 불안감을 가지고 있어 방사선 안전 관리 수준을 향상시켜 방사선 피폭 불안감을 줄일 수 있는 방안 마련이 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.60-69
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• 2012

전주시 건지산 UD 숲길은 2008년 한국토지공사 초록사회 만들기 공모사업의 일환으로 전북생명의 숲이 주관하여 설계 및 시공이 추진되었다. 이 연구는 이용자 만족도, 이용자 수 조사의 이용후 평가를 통해 UD 숲길 설계의 적정성을 평가하는데 목적이 있다. 연구결과, 건지산 UD 숲길의 주이용자는 60대 이상의 지역주민이 전체이용자의 37%를 차지하며, 이용목적은 산책과 휴식 51.5%, 운동 및 재활치료 40.6%로 나타났다. UD 숲길 만족도는 5점 리커트 척도에서 3.91로 나타났고, 전체 만족도에 영향을 미치는 주요 요소는 관리, 이용충돌, 폭과 경사에 대한 만족도 순서로 나타났다. 이용자수 조사에서 교통약자는 UD 숲길 45명, 기존 숲길 6명으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 통해 건지산 UD 숲길은 교통약자의 이용을 유도하고, 일반인과 교류할 수 있는 기회를 제공하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 UD 숲길 주변의 높은 경관만족도는 기존지형과 수목을 가능한 보존하고, 목재 데크를 설치함으로써 기존 자연경관이 잘 유지된 점을 나타냈다. 건지산 UD 숲길의 이용후 평가는 도시숲길 조성시 장애인, 노인, 약자, 임산부, 어린이 등 다양한 신체조건의 이용자들이 안전하고 편리하게 이용할 수 있도록 유니버설 디자인 개념의 도입 필요성을 나타내주고 있다.