• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.284-294
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• 2017

Purpose: Along with the country's decreasing birth rate, many South Korean women are currently facing the issue of high risk pregnancy. Despite the increasing number of women who prefer to get married at an older age, fewer of them are aware of how to prepare for healthy pregnancy at such age. The following study has been conducted to check the level of awareness and educational demand regarding healthy pregnancy among female university students who are not majoring in medical fields. Methods: Google Forms was used to survey 245 female students attending a university located in the Province of Gyenongi. We asked about their attitudes to and knowledge of pregnancy, their lifestyle, and the demand for pregnancy education. Results: The average age of the participants was 20.4 years. Although the majority of the correspondents answered that they have received education about pregnancy before, many of them displayed a low level of knowledge regarding pregnancy. On contrast, the demand for education about pregnancy and high risk pregnancy was high. Conclusion: For healthier pregnancy and childbirth, more preparation is needed before entering pregnancy. Management programs to be given prior to pregnancy should be developed to promote the knowledge and awareness of healthy pregnancy.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2019

Purpose: We aimed to examine the correlations between pregnancy experience and attitude regarding weight change during pregnancy. Methods: This correlative study was conducted from July 2017 to October 2017 by involving 156 primigravida women who were over pregnancy 20 weeks in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do province. Data were collected using a questionnaire, which included questions on demographic data, experience during pregnancy, and attitude regarding weight change during pregnancy. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Also, independent t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.62 years and their score of attitude regarding weight gain during pregnancy was low. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the pregnancy experience and attitude regarding weight gain during pregnancy in primigravida women. Conclusion: As a result of analyzing the correlation between pregnancy experience and attitude towards weight gain during pregnancy, it is apparent that attitudes toward weight change are different according to experience during pregnancy in women. Based on these results, it can be concluded that nursing intervention programs are necessitated to enhance the attitude of pregnant primigravida women towards pregnancy and weight gain.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.279-289
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the influence in a planned pregnancy of alcohol related family variables, knowledge and recognition of the effects of alcohol use during pregnancy on actual alcohol use during pregnancy. Methods: The participants were 284 women who had experienced a pregnancy at some time in their lives. The data were collected from December 2011 to January 2012 and the method of data collection was self-report questionnaires. The instruments for this study were AUDIT-K, Knowledge of alcohol use during pregnancy, and Recognition of alcohol use during pregnancy. Results: There were higher incidences of alcohol use during pregnancy when alcohol consumption was a problem, when there was a family member with an alcohol problem, or after having had an artificial abortion. There was no correlation in alcohol use during pregnancy with knowledge, but a correlation with recognition was found. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the main factor in alcohol use during pregnancy is recognition of the effects of alcohol use during pregnancy.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 1980

This experiment was carried out to investigate of the early pregnancy diagnosis by finger pressure method, mucus smear method and rectal palpation method in 169 heads of pregnant dairy cow. 1. Pregnancy diagnostic rate of previous, middle and late period of pregnancy by finger pressure methods were 87.3%, 82.0% and 70% respectively. 2. Pregnancy diagnostic rate of previous, middle and late period of pregnancy by mucus smear methods were 83.1%. 94.9% and 95.0% respectively. 3. Pregnancy diagnostic rate of previous, middle and later period of pregnancy by rectal palpation methods were 83.1%, 96.1% and 100% respectively. 4. Pregnancy diagnostic rate of early pregnancy by finger pressure method, mucus smear method and rectal palpation method were 86.7%, 86.8% and 66% respectively. 5. Accordingly, finger pressure method in pregnancy diagnosis is thought to be recommendable because this early diagnostic means are simple with accurate results.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.131-143
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• 1974

Antenatal care is zoomed toward3 assisting the Individual to achieve safe and wholesome state of health during pregnancy. Nature of fear is assumed to be rooted to complex interaction between past experiences, human relationship and present state of health, however. specific relationship between fear and the variables have not yet been ascertained. This study is designed to investigate the nature of fear of pregnancy, and the correlation between fear and the personal and environmental variables such as personal characteristics past experiences. and psycho-social factors. During the period from October 23 to November 5, 215 pregnant and 104 non-pregnant women of similar chronological are group residing in Seoul were interviewed according to check-list by random General anxiety test, general personality test and test for fear of pregnancy, family according to specific variables such as past experiences of Pregnancy and childbirth, structure of family, family relationship and month of pregnancy was done to the group of pregnant women. To non-pregnant group, general anxiety test was performed to compare with pregnant group. Results of the study are as follows; 1. Hypothesis 1; Degree of general anxiety will be higher e pregnant women compared to that of non-pregnant women. There is no significant difference between the general anxiety of pregnant women and that of non-pregnant women. Therefore, hypothesis I is rejected. 2. Hypothesis 2: Fear of pregnancy and general anxiety will be correlated with personality factors. Through test for fear of pregnancy and general anxiety, a meager contra-correlation between fear and only two personal factors (R and E factor) is revealed but there is no significant correlation between fear and other personal factors (A.S. and T factor). Degree of fear of pregnancy tends to b: higher in the group with low personality factors; responsibility and emotional stability expect the correlation between ascendancy, sociability, and confidence-inferiority. non-significant. Through general anxiety test, level of general anxiety tends to be higher in the group. with low personality factors; responsibility. emotional stability, and confidence except ascendency and sociability, non-significant. Hypothesis 2 is partially supported. 3. Hypothesis 3; General anxiety and fear of pregnancy will be correlated with the past experience-ol pregnancy, and child-birth experience. Though general anxiety test and test for fear of pregnancy, non-significant difference is revealed by P〉.05 level Hypothesis 3 is rejected. 4. Hypothesis 4: General anxiety and fear of pregnancy will be correlated with the month at pregnancy will be correlated with the month of pregnancy. Through tests of general anxiety and fear, significant correlation is revealed degree of fear by-P〈.05 level (CR=1.98) and level of general anxiety by P〈.005 level (CR=3. 11) is higher in the earlier stage of pregnancy. Hypothesis 4 is supported. 5. Hypothesis 5, 6, 7; General anxiety and fear of pregnancy will be correlated with socio-economic status, family structure, and family relationship. Through general anxiety test and tear of pregnancy test, non-significant is revealed by P〉.05 level. Hypothesis 3.6.7 are rejected. Conclusion and recommendation Level of general: anxiety and degree of fear of pregnancy is shown not to be correlated with variables of past experiencers of pregnancy and child-birth. and family factors except the month of - pregnancy. Personal characteristics are shown to be partially contra-correlated meagerly with genera anxiety and fear of pregnancy. This study revealed contrasted results, in regard to presence of correlation between general anxiety and fear of pregnancy to other thesis. In this context. further studies under controlled environment is recommended.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.161-164
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• 2010

Combined pregnancy occasionally occurs when intrauterine pregnancy is complicated with ectopic pregnancy. The incidence of combined pregnancy is normally rare, but the incidence increases when assisted reproductive technology was conducted for infertility treatment. We had a case of intrauterine pregnancy complicated with tubal pregnancy after IVF-ET cycle was conducted. The tubal pregnancy was removed via pelviscopy, which led to the delivery of healthy offspring at the $39^{th}$ week of pregnancy without additional complication.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to look into back pain, pain disability, labour pain, and related areas of pain experienced by postpartum women. Method: A survey about pain including a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry pain disability, and pain drawing was used in a descriptive research method on 98 women 2-3 days after delivery. Result: 57.1% of those surveyed reported experiencing back pain before pregnancy. 75.5% reported experiencing back pain during pregnancy. The average starting time of back pain for pregnant women was 2.9 months into pregnancy. 48.8% reported the most severe back pain in the last trimester of pregnancy, while most women complained of left and right pubic pain and lumbar area pain during pregnancy. Statistical relations were calculated and menstrual symptoms (F=5.938, p=0.004), back pain prior to pregnancy (F=4.714, p=0.000), back pain during pregnancy (F=-3.429, p=0.001), and back pain disability prior to pregnancy (F=-1.994). Conclusion: There is a relation in postpartum women's back pain between back pain prior to pregnancy and back pain during pregnancy. Pelvic examinations early in pregnancy can determine if back pain will change for the worse or relapse. Therefore, the application of a pain relieving nursing intervention is needed.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.49-53
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• 1969

The distribution of radiophosphorus ($^{32}P$) was observed in three groups of female Albino tat consisted of early pregnancy group (10 days of pregnancy), late pregnancy group (18 days of pregnancy) and nonpregnanted control group. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The various sites arranged in the descending of absorption rate of $^{32}P$ were femur, mandible, liver, spleen, ovary, fetus (only from early pregnancy group) and kidney in both groups of non-pregnanted and early pregnancy and femur, mandible, fetus, liver, ovary, spleen and kidney in the late pregnancy group. 2. The significant difference (P<0.05) in the absorption rate was found between femur and mandible in the early pregnancy group. 3. The absorption rate of fetus from late pregnancy group was significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of fetus from the early pregnancy group. 4. The high absorption rate was observed with femur and mandible in both groups of non-pregnanted and early pregnancy. 5. The significantly (P<0.01) high absorption rate was observed with ovary and fetus from the late pregnancy group.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.281-287
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• 1990

This study was conducted to find out the changes of ovarian, placental and fetal weights and periods of pregnancy in rats implanted with progesterone-tube during the reproductive stages. One hundred and thirty-four mature rats, 10~13 weeks old, were offered for this experiment. The animals, which were implanted with silicon tubes filled with progesterone on day 15 of pregnancy, were sacrified at 18, 20, 21 and 22 days of pregnancy. The changes of ovarian, placental and fetal weights and the number of fetuses during late pregnancy were recorded. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. After progesterone-tube implantation, ovarian weight reached to a peak value of 92.0$\pm$0.9mg at 20 days of pregnancy, there after decreased significantly to 79.5$\pm$7.6 and 68.26$\pm$4.2mg at 20 and 22 days of pregnancy(P<0.01). 2. The placental weight increased rapidly during 15~18 days of pregnancy in control and progesterone treated rats. A peak value of 447.78$\pm$20.9mg was shown at 20 days of pregnancy after progesterone-tube implantation, and in control rats the value decreased significantly to 419.42$\pm$11.6 and 404.1$\pm$29.3mg at 20 and 21 days of pregnancy(P<0.01). 3. The fetal weights was not shown any significant differences between control and progesterone-tube implanted rats. 4. The number of fetuses in control rats were 14.75$\pm$0.4 at 8~10 days of pregnancy and 13.5$\pm$0.3 and 13.25$\pm$0.4 at 12 and 20 days of pregnancy. 5. The significant difference in periods of pregnancy was appeared between progesterone-tube implanted(27.3$\pm$0.3 days) and control(22.1$\pm$0.3 days)rats(P<0.01).

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2002

Many pregnant women have experienced low back pain (LBP) during pregnancy and after delivery, and it has been an important component in women health. This study was designed to investigate the characteristics and management of the LBP in postpartum women. Eighty-five postpartum women were participated in this survey. Mean age of 85 women was 28.1 years. Of 85 postpartum women, 55.3% (n=47) had LBP after pregnancy. Thirty of 47 women had pain on lumbar region, 17 postpartum women had pain on sacroilium region. Of 85 postpartum women, 74% (n=54) had LBP before pregnancy and 71.8% (n=61) had LBP during pregnancy. Of 47 postpartum women who had LBP, 83% (n=39) had not received medical management for LBP, 12.8% (n=6) took medication, and 4.3% (n=2) performed self-exercise. None of postpartum women had received physical therapy during pregnancy and after delivery for treatment low back pain. The pain in SI region was more severe than in lumbar region after pregnancy according to VAS (visual analog scale) (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in VAS scores between SI pain and lumbar pain before and during pregnancy (p>.05). Pain region after delivery was related to pain region of pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy (p<.01). Pain level after delivery was related to the pain and night pain level during pregnancy (p<.01).