• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1023-1032
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• 1997

This paper deals with certain conditions under which irreducibility of a 3-manifold is preserved under attaching a 2-handle along a simple closed curve (and then, if necessary, capping off a 2-sphere boundary component by a 3-ball).

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.331-339
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• 1996

The mass action on the assimilation and dissimilation of a living system from bio-molecules to bio-spheres has been demonstrated by the theoretical models as the bio- and trophic-functions From the viewpoint of this bio-mechanics, the general principle on the pre-equilibrium of the bio-molecular system is found. Key words: Mass action, Living system, Bio-molecule, Bio-sphere, Bio- and trophic function.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.252-256
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• 2007

A series of spherical porous carbons were prepared via resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) sol-gel polymerization in the presence of cationic surfactant (CTAB, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide), wherein the carbon sphere size was controlled by varying the CTAB introduction time after a pre-determined period of addition reaction (termed as "pre-curing"). The sphere size gradually decreases with an increase in the pre-curing time within the range of 30-150 nm. The carbons possess two types of pores; one inside carbon spheres (intra-particle pores) and the other at the interstitial sites made by carbon spheres (inter-particle pores). Of the two, the surface exposed on the former was dominant to determine the electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) performance of porous carbons. As the intra-particle pores were generated inside RF gel spheres by gasification, the pore diameter was similar for all these carbons, thereby the pore length turned out to be a decisive factor controlling the EDLC performance. The charge-discharge voltage profiles and complex capacitance analysis consistently illustrate that the smaller-sized RF carbons deliver a better rate capability, which must be the direct result of facilitated ion penetration into shorter pores.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.448-453
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• 2011

Pre-aging heat treatment after solution heat treatment (SHT) of Al-0.4 wt%Mg-1.2 wt%Si-0.1 wt%Mn alloy sheets for auto-bodies was carried out to investigate the effect of pre-aging and its conditions on the bake-hardening response. Mechanical properties were evaluated by a tensile and Vickers hardness test. Microstructural observation was also performed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was revealed that pre-aging treatments play a great role in the bake-hardening response. In addition, it was found that the sphere-shaped nanosized clusters that can directly transit to the needle-shaped ${\beta}$" phase during the paint-bake process, not being dissolved into the matrix, are formed at 343 K. The result, reveals that the dominant factor of the bake-hardening response is the pre-aging temperature rather than the pre-aging time.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.500-509
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• 2016

Integrating spheres play a central role in the radiometric calibration of remote sensors. With the development of the wide field of view (FOV) remote sensors, aperture diameters of remote sensors are becoming larger and larger. To satisfy the radiometric calibration requirements of full FOV and full aperture, an 8000mm diameter large aperture integrating sphere uniform source with a variable exit port was designed and manufactured. This integrating sphere will be used for pre-launch test and radiometric calibration of remote satellites. In this paper, optical theories were used to design the output spectral radiance. The LightTools software based on ray-tracing simulation method was used to determine the best combination and distribution of inner light sources. A spectral experiment was made to verify the spectral radiance design. To reduce the influence of longtime power-on, a new characteristic measurement method was developed to obtain the radiation characteristic of the integrating sphere, which could greatly improve the measuring efficiency. This method could also be applied to measure other large aperture uniform sources. The obtained results indicate that the spatial uniformity is 98.35%, and the angular uniformity at center position is 98.78%.

• 분석과학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2009

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)의 정량분석에 대한 측정의 정확도를 향상시키고자, 플라즈마의 특성을 분석하여, 상대적으로 안정적인 Outer sphere에 해당하는 영역을 측정하는 방법으로 Cu alloy sample을 측정하여 분석하였다. 신호의 높은 재현성을 고려한 측정 조건에서 측정이 수행되었으며, 600 mtorr 진공상태에서 20 mm정도의 크기로 플라즈마를 성장시켜, Outer sphere 영역인 플라즈마 성장방향으로 6.0 mm 지점을 측정하였다. 그 결과 Cu의 선형 분석 $R^2$ 값은 0.9886로, Ni의 $R^2$ 값은 0.9988로 획득하였으며, 측정오차는 Ni의 경우 기존보다는 향상된 0.78%의 측정오차를 획득하였다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2003

A molecular-thermodynamic model to describe the salt-induced protein precipitation is developed based on the perturbation theory. We employed the modified perturbed hard-sphere-chain (PHSC) equation of state for copolymer mixtures to take into account the pre-aggregation effect among protein particles. Hypothetical pressure-composition diagrams are computed with various size differences and salt concentrations. The precipitation behaviors are also studied for various types of pre-aggregation effect for the given systems.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.1553-1567
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• 1996

표면 보간법을 응용하는 분야에는 모델링 자연현상 가시화 등을 비롯하여 여러 가지를 들 수 있다. 사면체 분할법은 사차원적 표면 형성을 위한 전 처리 단계 중의 하나이다. 사차원 공간상에서 피스와이즈(piecewise) 선형보간법의 질은 삼차원에서 의 자료 점의 분포에 영향을 받을 뿐 아니라 자료 값에도 영향을 받는다. 자료 값을 고려한 사면체 분할법이 추정의 질을 개선시킬 있음을 사차원 공간의 가시화를 통하 여 보여준다. 본 논문에서는 Delaunay 사면분할법의 구 기준(Sphere criterion)과 자 료 의존형 사면체 분할법 중의 하나인 최소 제공제곱 근사기준(least squares fitting criterion)을 논의하였다. 본 논문은 또한 새로운 자료 값을 고려한 기준인 gradient difference와 jump in normal direction derivative들을 논의하였다.

• 복식
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• 제52권8호
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• pp.55-71
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify a basic meaning of humor from the costume expressing cartoon image, to grasp the status of contemporary costume, and also to supply people with a database related to the sphere of costume design. This was done by analyzing and examining humor of the costume expressing cartoon image in post-industrial society. Consequently, the result of this study was summarized as follows; First, humor by parody of Pop Art is recognized as humorous expression that repulsed the main current culture and post-industrial society phenomenon. Second, humor by quotation tends to appear through cartoon character. Costume which quote cartoon character is against Kidult tastes and the pre-existing authoritative prejudices in post-industrial society. Third, humor by bricolage, making bricolage with silhouette, color, pattern item, is recognized as new creation of humor In other words, it is regarded as enlargement of new esthetic consciousness and humor about instrumented gender in post-industrial society. Lastly, humor by deformation expressed itself in deformation of body image of character and cloth silhouette by cartoon image. Deformation of cloth silhouette by cartoon image, being not conscious pre-existing concept of harmony of human and costume, is recognized as humor which have characteristic of play with introduction of new silhouette. In addition to, the result of this study showed that humor expressed in cartoon image of costume has been limited to the works of few designers because of characteristics of fashion designers who made use of popularity as subjects of the works and internal meanings which were related to the characteristics of post-industrial society.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1990년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 26-27 Oct. 1990
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• pp.816-820
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• 1990

This paper is pre-stage for getting EGI which can be used for modeling of an object. It discusses the construction of the vision processing system and its algorithm for getting needle diagram from tie object image. We realize the algorithm with monocular camera system, using Reflectance Map theory and photometric stereo method. We can calculate the surface normal at any point in the image if we take multiple images at the different lighting conditions. From the 3 images taken from different lighting conditions through the experiment, we get the needle diagrams of the sphere and the object. We confirm the validness of the surface, normal acquisition algorithm comparing the experimental needle diagram with the ideal one obtained from the surface normal of the known object.