• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.231-240
• /
• 2017

The paper explores the relationship among the personnel characters, organizational formalization and organizational commitment in Korean firms in Shandong province of China. In this paper, the employee's personnel characters include the sexual, job, college graduate, collectivism(value attitude), Power distance(value attitude). The results of anaysis shows that College gratuate have negative effects on the organizational commitment, and the collectivism have positive effection on the affective commitment, the perception of organizational formalization have positive effects on the affective commitment. And, the perception of organizational formalization have moderlate effects among the job, college gratuate, collectivism, power distance with organizational commitment. Based on the these results, the paper described the theoretical and practical implications.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.63-73
• /
• 2004

A simple analytical model has been presented for the study of the optical bistability using a $GaAs-Al_{0.32}Ga_{0.68}As$ multiple quantum well (MQW) p-i-n diode structure. The calculation of the optical absorption is based on a semi-emperical model which is accurately valid for a range of wells between 5 and 20 nm and the electric field F< 200kV/cm . The electric field dependent analytical expression for the responsivity is presented. An attempt has been made to derive the analytical relationship between the incident optical power ( $(P_{in})$ ) and the voltage V across the device when the diode is reverse biased by a power supply in series with a load resistor. The relationship between $P_{in}$ and $P_{out}$ (i.e. transmitted optical power) is also presented. Numerical results are presented for a typical case of well size $L_Z=10.5nm,\;barrier\;size\;L_B=9.5nm$ optical wave length l = 851.7nm and electric field F? 100kV/cm. It has been shown that for the values of $P_{in}$ within certain range, the device changes its state in such a way that corresponding to every value of $P_{in}$ , two stable states and one unstable state of V as well as of $P_{out}$ are obtained which shows the optically controlled bistable nature of the device.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.96-100
• /
• 1999

Effects of surface conditions (temperature and roughness) of test specimens, when measuring emissive power of far-infrared ray, have been investigated using FT-IR spectrometer. Element metal zinc (Zn) was selected in this study as representative specimen of materials consisting of simple element. The zinc specimens were heated to four temperatures, i.e., 333K, 353K, .373K, and also their surface was finished with SiC abrasive papers of 100, 220, 360, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mesh in size. The results shows that the emissive power (W/㎡) of the far-infrared ray increases with temperature for a given roughness and its relationship may be expressed by the following equations: Yη=1.0=0.142$.$T-0.937 for η=1.0, and Yη=10=0.016$.$T-1.286 for η=10. The emissive power is also known to increase with surface roughness for a given temperature. Their relationship can be represented by the following equations: YT=313K=0.234$.$$\ell$n(η)+3.53, at 313K, YT=353K=0.234$.$$\ell$n(η)+4.02 at 353K and YT=393K=0.243$.$$\ell$n(η)+4.62 at 393K.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship of lumbar extensor muscle power & spinal column curve for old female patients with LDK(Lumbar degenerative kyphosis). Subjects were composed of 37 old female with LDK. The subjects were tested in their spinal segment movement and spinal column curve with Spinal-$Mouse^{\leq}$ in $1^{st}$ loaded test and $2^{nd}$ loaded test and then tested lumbar extensor muscle power with $Medx^{\leq}$ lumbar extension machine. The results of this study, were as follow; There were statistically significant difference $1^{st}$ loaded test and $2^{nd}$ loaded test in upright position increase spinal column forwardly(p<0.01) and decrease lumbar lordosis angle(p<0.01), but no statistically significant difference $1^{st}$ loaded test and $2^{nd}$ loaded test thoracic and hip & sacrum curve angle. Their lumbar extensor muscle poser is very weakness, 61.4% of normal people.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2016

The activation energy of a material is an important factor that significantly affects the lifetime and can be used to develop a degradation model. In this study, a thermal analysis was carried out to evaluate and collect quantitative data on the degradation of insulation materials like EPR and CSP used for nuclear power plant cables. The activation energy was determined from the relationship between log ${\beta}$ and 1/T based on the Flynn.Wall.Ozawa method, by a TGA test. The activation energy was also derived from the relationship between ln(t) and 1/T based on isothermal analysis, by an OIT test. The activation energy of EPR derived from thermal analysis was used to calculate the accelerated aging time corresponding to the number of years of use, employing the Arrhenius equation, and determine the elongation corresponding to the accelerated aging time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.11 no.3 s.28
• /
• pp.29-42
• /
• 2005

This study aimed to apply a methodological approach, 'social network analysis' to a case study for the understanding of relational structure among stakeholders related to green tourism development. By doing so, this study argued that it is important to identify stakeholder's network structure to help green tourism planners develop collaborative relationship among stakeholders. This study identified the stakeholders regarding a community-based festival development in the southern area of Korea, and investigated two types of networks among them: decision-making power relational and intimate network. Interviewer-administrated survey and in-depth interview were employed for data collection. The data was analyzed by SPSS (version 10.0) and Net-MinerII (version 2.5.0), and by constant comparison method. The result revealed that low different groups of the stakeholders were separated in the intimate networt and that the festival organizational body was not connected with other stakeholders in the decision-making power relational network. The existence of separated groups and weak relationship among the stakeholders appeared to relate to age-group differences, and different views on the festival between the stakeholders.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.50 no.5
• /
• pp.673-682
• /
• 2018

One of the most widely used methods to estimate core damage during a nuclear power plant accident is containment radiation measurement. The evolution of severe accidents is extremely complex, leading to uncertainty in the containment dose rate (CDR). Therefore, it is difficult to accurately determine core damage. This study proposes to conduct uncertainty analysis of CDR for core damage assessment. First, based on source term estimation, the Monte Carlo (MC) and point-kernel integration methods were used to estimate the probability density function of the CDR under different extents of core damage in accident scenarios with late containment failure. Second, the results were verified by comparing the results of both methods. The point-kernel integration method results were more dispersed than the MC results, and the MC method was used for both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Quantitative analysis indicated a linear relationship, rather than the expected proportional relationship, between the CDR and core damage fraction. The CDR distribution obeyed a logarithmic normal distribution in accidents with a small break in containment, but not in accidents with a large break in containment. A possible application of our analysis is a real-time core damage estimation program based on the CDR.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.59-71
• /
• 2022

Purpose - We investigate how firms transfer financial risks to employees in a form of flexible employment contracts and layoffs. Design/methodology/approach - Based on the literature on the prevalence of shareholder value ideology and the associated 'risk shift', we examined how stock price volatility is associated with a firm's use and hiring of nonstandard employees, and the number of employees lay-offed. We test our hypotheses using a longitudinal, multi-source, dataset of Korean firms from 2003 to 2011. Findings - We found support for the relationship between stock price volatility and flexible employment contracts and layoffs after controlling for actual risks such as increased debt or decreased sales. However, we found that the relationship is moderated by the power of professional CEOs relative to that of shareholders, in that powerful CEOs are more likely to transfer the external risks, i.e. stock price volatility, to employees. Research implications or Originality - This study contributes the emerging stream of literature that explore the effect of stock market pressures and governance structures on human resource management.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.6 no.5
• /
• pp.479-488
• /
• 2022

To account for the internal thermal effects of solid-state lasers, a method using a back propagation (BP) neural network integrated with a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is developed, which is a new wavefront distortion correction technique. In particular, by using a slab laser model, a series of fiber pumped sources are employed to form a controlled array to pump the gain medium, allowing the internal temperature field of the gain medium to be designed by altering the power of each pump source. Furthermore, the BP artificial neural network is employed to construct a nonlinear mapping relationship between the power matrix of the pump array and the thermally induced wavefront aberration. Lastly, the suppression of thermally induced wavefront distortion can be achieved by changing the power matrix of the pump array and obtaining the optimal pump light intensity distribution combined using the PSO algorithm. The minimal beam quality β can be obtained by optimally distributing the pumping light. Compared with the method of designing uniform pumping light into the gain medium, the theoretically computed single pass beam quality β value is optimized from 5.34 to 1.28. In this numerical analysis, experiments are conducted to validate the relationship between the thermally generated wavefront and certain pumping light distributions.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.45-56
• /
• 1993