• 한국가금학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 1988

생존계로부터 체내지방축적함량을 추정할 수 있는 육종 기초자료를 얻기 위한 연구이었다. 공시계는 White Plymouth Rock C계통으로. 부계 13수와 모계 52수간에서 생산된 429수이었고 모든 자료는 8주령에 도살하여 얻었으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 생체종은 암수 각각 1,856g과 1,483g으로서 상용종계의 정상범위였고, 체중에 대한 각부위％는 수컷에 비하여 암컷이 낮았다. 2. 체지방 총량％는 암컷이 수컷보다 유의적으로 높았고. 피부지방량과 복강지방량의 비율도 암컷이 높았다. 3. 체중에 대한 각부위내 축적지방량의 비율이 대형군에서 다소 높기 때문에 체중에 대한 체지방총량의 비는 대형군에서 높았다. 4. 비만군의 개체들은 저지방군에 비하여 각 부위 체중이 모두 크고, 또 체중에 대한 이들 비율 역시 비만군에서 높았다. 5. 체중과 각부위내 축적지방양간에는 비교적 높은 상관도를 보이는데 비하여 체중과 체중에 대한 체지방총양비율 및 피부나 박피도체내 지방％간에는 상관이 낮았다. 6. 체중의 유전력은 암수 다같이 높았으며 모체효과가 작용하는 것으로 보였다. 그러나 피부체중이나 복강지방총량의 유전력은 0.20이하로 낮았다. 7. 체지방총양의 유전력은 낮고. 체중에 대한 체지방총양의 유전력은 중정도이며. 이들은 모두 모분산성분에 추정치가 커서 모체효과가 작용한 것으로 판단되었다. 피부내 지방％와 함량의 유전력과 복강지방양의 유전력은 모두 중정도(0.20∼0.30)였다. 8. 체중과 각 형질간 유전상관에서 각피도체내지방％. 피부지방％, 그리고 체지방 총량비율등은 부상관을 보이는 반면. 체지방총양, 각피도체지방, 그리고 피부지방량등은 정상관을 나타냈다. 9. 복강지방량과 박피도체내 지방％, 박피도체지방량, 피부내 지방％, 그리고 피부지방함총간 유전상관은 암수 모두 낮은 반면. 피부지방량과 각피도체내 지방％. 그리고 도체지방 함양간에는 높은 상관을 보인다. 따라서 선발에 의해서 복강지방량을 감소시킬 때 도체내 지방％나 축적지방량에_ 큰 영향은 받지 않는 것으로 판단되었다. 이상을 종합하면 비만계는 체내지방％가 높고 체중도 무겁지만. 실체중과 체중에 대한 체지방총량비간에는 상관도가 낮기 때문에 체중의 감소 없이 체지방량을 줄일 수 있으며, 근육내 지방량을 현저히 줄이지 않고서도 복강지방을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 월간양계
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• 제11권6호통권116호
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• pp.75-83
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• 1979

In order to evaluate the effect of lipids on the utilization of the energy and protein of the diet, the isocaloric and isoprotein diets added with mutton fat, tallow, and lecithin at the levels of two percent and five percent were prepared. The growth of chicken and the feed efficiency were observed on hatched chicken which were fed a commercial diet for the first week, with starters for the next four weeks, and with finisher diets for the last three weeks respectively during the eight weeks of the experiment. Growth rate, feed efficiency, and average body weight gain per day were similar among the chicken fed diets containing various lipids or at the levels of two percent and five percent. The metabolize energy of the diets was found to be from 2.713 kcal to 3.059 kcal per gram, and the metabolizability of the gross energy was from 62 percent to 70 percent. Also the metabolizability of basal diet was higher as compared with the diets containing lipids. And the lower energy utiliztion was found in the broilers fed diets containing five percent lipids than those of two percent, showing not significant difference between them. Daily matabolizable energy of three week old brids ranged from 0.631 gr to 0.738 gr, which showed an increasing tendency on the birds fed five percent mutton fat and tallow in comparison with those of two percent. But the lecithin brought about a reverse tendency. The digestibility of crude fats was found to be from 48 percent to 76 percent, but bot significant difference among diets plus lipids or at the levels of two percent and five percent. The birds fed five percent mutton fat and tallow showed a tendency of lower digestibility as compared with those fed two percent, but the similar results were found between two percent and five percent lecithin fed to the birds. Then, it was tentatively concluded that the effect of the mutton fat on the energy and protein utilization was similar to tallow but resulted different tendency with lecithin.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2000

Because of the significant genetic improvement in animal performance, the use of high nutrient density diets has become common practice in animal industry. High oil corn(HOC) became available to feed manufacturers about half a decade ago. Current HOC contains approximately 87% higher crude fat, making its energy content 4.5 to 6% higher than that of typical corn. Its protein content is 3.3 to 6.4% higher, and its qualities are at least equal or better than that of typical corn. In addition, there are several non-nutritional benefits which may result from the use of HOC. These nutritional and non-nutritional advantages could be captured by the feed manufacturers in general, and poultry producers in particular.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2013

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of supplementing various concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, or 400 ${\mu}g/kg$ diet) of organic Se on growth performance, carcass traits, oxidative stress, and immune responses in commercial broiler chickens reared in open-sided poultry house under tropical climatic conditions. Each diet was fed ad libitum to eight replicates consisting of six birds in each pen from 1 to 42 d of age. Body weight gain and feed efficiency, and relative weight of liver, abdominal fat and ready to cook yields were not affected (p>0.05) by organic Se supplementation to broiler diets. Lipid peroxidation in plasma decreased, while activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in plasma increased (p<0.01) linearly with Se concentration in diet. The ratios between heterophyls and lymphocytes and relative weight of lymphoid organs (bursa, spleen, and thymus), and antibody production to Newcastle disease vaccination were not affected (p>0.05) by Se supplementation to broiler diets. However, the cell-mediated immunity (lymphocyte proliferation ratio) increased (p<0.01) linearly with dietary Se concentration. The results of the present study indicate that the supplementation of Se did not influence body weight and feed efficiency. However, supplementation of Se increased antioxidant status and lymphocyte proliferation in broiler chickens.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.751-758
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• 2021

Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between the mRNA expression of adipocyte type fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) and heart type FABP (H-FABP) in Thai native chicken crossbreeds and evaluate the level of exotic inclusion in native chicken that will improve growth while maintaining its relatively low carcass fat. Methods: The fat deposition traits and mRNA expression of A-FABP and H-FABP were evaluated at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks of age in 4 chicken breeds (n = 8/breed/wk) (100% Chee breed [CH] [100% Thai native chicken background], CH male and broiler female [Kaimook e-san1; KM1] [50% CH background], broiler male and KM1 female [Kaimook e-san2; KM2] [25% CH background], and broiler [BR]) using abdominal fat (ABF) and muscular tissues. Results: The BR breed was only evaluated at 6 weeks of age. At week 6, the CH breed had a significantly lower A-FABP expression in ABF and intramuscular fat (IF) compared with the other breeds. At 8 to 12 weeks, the KM2 groups showed significant upregulation (p<0.05) of A-FABP in both ABF and IF compared to the CH and KM1 groups. The expression of H-FABP did not follow any consistent pattern in both ABF and IF across the different ages. Conclusion: Some level of crossbreeding CH chickens can be done to improve growth rate while maintaining their low ABF and IF. The expression level of A-FABP correlate with most fat traits. There was no consistency of H-FABP expression across breed. A-FABPs is involved in fat deposition, genetic markers in these genes could be used in marker assisted studies to select against excessive fat accumulation.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.247-259
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of age and diet forms on growth-development patterns, serum metabolism indicators, and parameters of body fat deposition in Cherry Valley ducks. Methods: According to the hatching age and initial weight, a total of 150 1-day-old male SM3 Cherry Valley ducks were randomly assigned to two diet forms (pellet vs powder form). Each treatment had with 5 replicates per treatment and 15 meat ducks per replicate. The study lasted 42 d, which was divided into two periods (1 to 21 vs 22 to 42 d). Results: Our results showed that compared with powder group, ducks in pellet group had greater growth performance during different period (p<0.05). The inflection point was 24 d and was not numerically affected by diet forms. Increasing age (42 vs 21 d) significantly increased the weight of body fat and hepatic fat metabolism related enzyme activities in ducks (p<0.05), meanwhile, increasing age (42 vs 21 d) improved serum metabolism indicators and decreased mRNA expression levels of fat metabolism-related genes in liver (p<0.05). Ducks fed different diets (pellet vs powder form) increased growth performance as well as the weight of body fat and improved serum metabolism indicators (p<0.05). In addition, interactions were found between age and diet forms on the levels of serum metabolism indicators in ducks (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, powder feed reduced growth performance of ducks, and the day of inflection point was 24 days old. Ducks with higher age or fed with pellet diet showed higher fat deposition. The effect of age and feed forms on body fat deposition might result from changes in the contents of serum metabolism indicators, key enzyme activity of lipid production, and hepatic gene expressions.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 1985

본 조사연구는 계란의 중량등급별 영양가를 조사하고 적정가격을 검토하기 위하여 600개의 계란을 공시하여 계란의 중량등급별 평균란중, 란황과 란백 및 란각의 구성비, 란황과 란백의 영양성분 분석, 계란의 단백질과 지방함량 조사를 실시하고, 계란의 란중과 단백질함량 및 단백질＋지방함량을 기준으로 하는 적정가격을 검토하였는 바 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 평균란중(X, g/10개)의 증가에 따라 란황의 비율(Y, %)은 Y=44.34-0.02X로 감소하고, 란백의 비율(Y, %)은 Y=40.136＋0.026X로 증가하였으며, 란각의 비율(Y, %)은 Y=15.358-0.006X로 감소하였다. 2. 란황과 란백의 영양분석은 계란의 중량에 따라 큰 차이나 일정한 경향을 보이지 않았다. 3. 평균란중(X, g/10개)의 증가에 따라 전란의 단백질함량(Y, %)은 Y=11.943-0.00032X로 감소하고, 지방함량(Y, %)은 Y=13.996-0.00614X로 역시 감소하였으며, 단백질＋지방함량(Y, %)는 Y=25.939-0.00646X로 감소하였다. 4. 평균란중을 기준으로 하는 적정가는 단백질함량을 기준으로 하는 적정가와 비슷한 경향을 보였으며, 이들 적정가는 단백질＋지방함량을 기준으로 하는 적정가보다 특란과 왕란에서는 높게 그리고 경란-중란에서는 낮게 평가되었으며, 시가와 비교할 때 단백질＋지방함량기준 적정가가 가장 비슷한 경향을 보였다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 1990

본시험은 Canola 전지종실과 Canola 박 및 Canola 유의 유효에너지가(AM 및 TME)와 아미노산 이용을(TAAA)를 측정하기 위하여 실시하였다. 본시험에는 단관백색레그혼종(S.C.W.C.) 성계수탉이 실시되었으며, AME시험에서는 측정사료인Canola 전지증실, Canola 박 Canola 박＋유(60:40)을 30% 그리고 Canola 유를 10% 배합한 4종의 시험사료와 기초사료를 각각 자유채식시켰고 예비시험기간은 3일 채분기간은 4일이었다. TME와 TAAA시험에서는 Canola 전지종실과 Canola 박은 단-사료로, Canola 박＋유와 Canola 유는 각각 기초사료에 30%와 10%의 비율로 혼합하여 각각 1일 30g을 24시간의 절식기간 후에 강제투여(force feeding)하였고 48시간동안 전분을 채취하였다. 모든 에너지가는 질소정정 에너지가로 환산하였는데, Canola 전지종실, Canola 박, Canola 유 및 Canola ＋유의 AMEn가는 각각 4,485, 1,984. 8,275 및 5,655 kcal/kg이었고 TMEn가는 각각 4,577, 2,103, 8,487 및 5,630kcal/kg으로 측정되어 Canola 박＋유는 Canola 전지종실보다 높은 에너지가를 나타냈으며(P＜0.01), 전반적으로 Canola전지종실은 Canola 박보다 높은 TAAA가를 나타냈다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2024

본 연구는 사료 내 대사에너지 수준에 따른 육성기 우리맛닭 2호 종계의 생산성과 지방침착에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 최적 에너지 수준을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 4주령 우리맛닭 2호 종계 144수를 4처리구의 4반복으로 9수씩 체중이 유사하도록 배치하여 16주령까지 사양실험을 실시하였다. 각 처리구는 대사에너지를 2,600, 2,700, 2,800 및 2,900 kcal/kg 수준으로 배합하여 급여하였다. 본 연구결과 2,800과 2,900 kcal/kg 급여구에서 2,600 kcal/kg 급여구에 비해 체중과 증체량이 증가하였다(P<0.05). 사료요구율은 2,900 kcal/kg 급여구가 2,600과 2,700 kcal/kg 급여구와 비교하여 개선됨을 보였다(P<0.05). 시산일령은 2,600과 2,700 kcal/kg 급여구에서 2,900 kcal/kg 급여구에 비해 빠른 결과를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 간과 복강 내 지방함량은 2,600 kcal/kg 급여구에서 다른 처리구에 비해 유의미하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 혈중 AST와 ALT 수치는 2,600, 2,700 및 2,800 kcal/kg 급여구에서 2,900 kcal/kg 급여구보다 감소하였다(P<0.05). 결과적으로 종계 산란기의 계란생산과 건강을 고려한다면 육성기의 대사에너지는 2,600 kcal/kg 수준이 적합할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.139-143
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplemental charcoal(CH) or charcoal extract(CE) on performance and meat quality of broiler chicks for 5 weeks. Basal diets based on corn and soybean meal contained 21% crude protein for the first 3 weeks and 19% for the rest two weeks. Two levels of dietary CH(O, 0.5%) and CE(0, 0.2%) were fed in a factorial design. There were four replicates of 10 chicks each per treatment. An increased growth rate was observed in chicks fed the basal diet supplemented with CE alone. Chicks fed the diet containing both CH and CE tended to depress the growth rate. Dietary supplemental CH and CE improved the feed conversion efficiency compared to the control group, but was not significantly different between them. The abdominal fat(%) of chicks fed CH alone or both CH and CE tended to de-crease without significant difference. The total lipid content of breast meat of chicks fed CE alone showed significant difference among treatments (P