• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.84-98
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility of recruiting women into a clinical trial designed to examine the effects of acupuncture and electroacupuncture in treating overactive bladder (OAB) in menopause women. We tried to determine if there was preliminary evidence to suggest that acupuncture may be effective in reducing OAB symptoms and improving disease-specific quality of life. We also tried to determine the appropriate treatment duration of OAB, with safety of performing acupuncture and electroacupuncture treatment. Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial. 7 menopause women were randomly assigned to a electroacupuncture group (EA group) (n=4) or acupuncture group (AC group) (n=3) and received electroacupuncture or acupuncture treatment twice a week (16 sessions) in 8 weeks, and follow up assessment was performed after the end of treatment. Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), 3-day bladder diary, and King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) were performed 4 times (at baseline (visit 0), the middle of treatment (visit 8), after the end of treatment (visit 16), and at 4 weeks of follow-up (visit 17)) and analyzed. 2 subjects were dropped out, and finally 5 subjects completed the study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0 for window program. Results: There was an significant improvement in night-time frequency after the treatment (visit 17) in PP (Per-protocol) group analysis (p=0.042). In additional ITT (Inter-to-treat) group analysis, the OABSS (p=0.042) and night-time frequency (p=p=0.017) were improved significantly after the treatment (visit 17). But there was no significant difference of KHQ before and after the treatment. Also there was no significant difference between EA and AC group after the treatment (visit 16, 17). Conclusions: The results of this pilot study suggested that it was feasible to recruit subjects and perform the study procedures, after reconstructing several details of study protocol in performing further clinical trial.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.328-334
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between nutrient intake and bone mineral density (BMD) of elderly women in Daegu, Korea. In this study, the bone mineral densities of 101 elderly women in Daegu were measured, and their nutrient intake, dietary habits, and maternal factors were determined through a survey. The subjects were divided into the normal group, the osteopenia group, and osteoporosis group to find out if there is a correlation between bone mineral density and maternal factors, dietary habits, and nutrient intake through their T-scores, analyzed according to the standards of WHO. Classification by T-scores of the participants were the normal group 25.7%, the osteopenia group 39.6%, the osteoporosis group 34.7%. Menopause age of the osteoporosis group was lower, postmenopausal period was longer, and last delivery age was significantly higher than the normal group (p<0.05). Osteoporosis group had a lower percentage of 'everyday' fruit and vegetable intakes and higher percentage of 'never' dairy intake than of the normal group. Vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, and vitamin $B_2$ intakes of participants in the osteoporosis group were lower than those in the normal group (p<0.05). In conclusion, nutritional education is necessary to encourage high intake of milk and vegetables and fruits along with calcium, vitamin A, $B_1$, and $B_1$ intakes and low intake of sodium for the prevention of elderly women's osteoporosis.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.765-772
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• 2001

To delineate the relationship between the nutrient intake from diet and the serum biochemical markers of bone metabolism, 56 postmenopausal women of 50 to 77 years of age were recruited. The biochemical markers including osteocalcin, calcium, phosphorus, estradiol and free testosterone were measured in fasting blood. Bone mineral density(BMD) was measured also by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the nutrient intake of earth individual subject was estimated by 24-hour recall of 3 days. The age of the subjects was 64.8 $\pm$ 7.7 years, and the BMDs of the subject were 0.86 $\pm$ 0.26g/$cm^2$(Lumbar spine), 0.60 $\pm$ 0.10g/$cm^2$ (Femoral neck), 0.49 $\pm$ 0.10g/$cm^2$(Trochanter), and 0.41 $\pm$ 0.14g/$cm^2$(Ward's triangle). There were no significant differences among age and nutrient intake level groups due to the small sample size. The biochemical markers showed certain degree of relationship with nutrient intake levels. The results were compared among 3 groups with different nutrient intake level classified by the percentage of Recommended Daily Allowances(RDA) for Koreans as follows low < 75% RDA, 75% RDA $\leq$ adequate < 125% RDA, high $\geq$ 125% RDA. The low energy and low riboflavin groups showed significantly higher serum osteocalcin levels than those of the high intake groups(p < 0.05). On the other hand, there was a trend for serum Ca level to be higher with high nutrient intake. In this case, protein and thiamin were the only nutrients that reached a statistical significance(p < 0.05). And the groups with low intake for protein and Ca showed significantly lower serum free testosterone levels than that of other intake groups(p < 0.05). This study suggests an important role of nutrient intake levels on blood biochemical markers of bone metabolism.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.486-498
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify transition conditions, health behavior and indicators of healthy transitions among middle-aged women based on Schumacher & Meleis(1994) transition model for developing intervention program for their health promotion. A convenience sample of 221 women aged 40-60 was obtained in Jung-Gu, Seoul and they were asked to complete the questionnaires, which consisted of modified health-promoting lifestyle profile(HPLP), knowledge of menopause, physical well-being, emotional well-being, modified women's role integration protocol (WRIP), Beck's Depression Inventory(BDI), and indicators of healthy transition with subcategories such as subjective well-being, role mastery and well-being of interrelationship. The results were as follows: 1. Women had a mean age of 47.53 years. More than half(53.39%) of the women had jobs and 88.69 % had their spouses, Of 221 women, 51.13 % were premenopausal, 19.91% were perimenopausal, and 28.96% were postmenopausal. 2. Women scored lower on health responsibility and exercise than on self actualization, nutrition and interpersonal support among subcategories of health behavior measured the modified HPLP. Only 11.98% of respondents had breast-self examination and 42.66% had pap smear for screening cancer. 3. In transition conditions, women had poor knowledge about menopause and median level of physical well-being, emotional well-being and stress. 15.45% of the women had clinical depression. 4. As for the outcome index of the transition model, the mean of indicators of healthy transition was 3.69(possible range 1-5). 5. The levels of education and economic and the menstrual status were significantly related to physical well-being, depression and stress in the categories of transition conditions. The total score of health behavior correlated negatively with depression. The total score of indicators of healthy transition correlated with physical well-being, emotional well-being, stress, and depression in the categories of transition conditions. In conclusion, these findings suggested a profile of fragile middle-aged women and contributed to developing the community-based intervention program for health promotion.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.373-384
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to compare with in fatty acid intakes between hypercholesterolemia group and normocholesterolemia group, aged between 30 to 65 years old in women. The subjects were classified as hypercholesterolemia group and normocholesterolemia group based on The Guideline for Korean Hyperlipidemia. Dietary intakes of fatty acids were by means of a 24-hr recall method with food models and measuring tools. We analyzed both data sets together using analysis of variance the chi-square test and student's t-test(SPSS for WINDOWS, version 7.5). Significance was defied as a P value <0.05. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Mean age, BMI and percentage of postmenopausal women in hypercholesterolemia group were significantly higher than those of normocholesterolemia group. Percent of total energy from fat in hypercholesterolemia group tended to be higher than that in normocholesterolemia group. C16:0(Palmitic acid) and saturated fatty acids(SFA) intake of hypercholesterolemia group was significantly higher than that of normocholesterolemia group. Therefore, women who suffered from hypercholesterolemia were recommended to control body weight and consume foods containing low SFA and cholesterol.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.363-368
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• 2005

It was assumed that the effect of estrogen on wound healing would be variable according to patient's gender and age since estrogen is a sex steroid. This study was designed to determine the variability of the effect of estrogen on proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts and collagen synthesis which are most important in wound healing considering patient's gender and age. Fibroblasts were isolated from the dermis of female patients in premenstrual, menstrual, or postmenopausal age group and that of male patients. The isolated fibroblasts were cultivated in the presence of estrogen($1.0{\mu}g/ml$). The cells were seeded at $5.0{\times}10^3cell/well$ in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium/Ham's F-12 nutrient including 5% fetal bovine serum in 96-well plates. The cells were incubated for 3 days. For fibroblast proliferation MTT assay method was used. To measure the production of collagen, the collagen type I carboxy- terminal propeptide enzyme immunoassay was carried out. Estrogen stimulated the proliferation of fibroblasts in female patients, but not in male patients. The greatest cell proliferation and collagen synthesis was seen at women in menstrual and postmenopausal age. These results demonstrated that effects of estrogen on dermal fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis were variable with gender and age.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.373-377
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• 2016

Menopausal hot flushes (HFs), which manifest as a transient increase in skin temperature, occur most frequently in postmenopausal women, and sometimes negatively influence daily life. We investigated the effect of an aqueous extract of Cynanchum wilfordii (CWW) in a rat model of menopausal HFs, where tail skin temperature (TST) is increased after the rapid estrogen decline induced by ovariectomy. Ten-week-old female rats were ovariectomized and treated with CWW for 1 week. We measured TST and rectal temperatures (RT) and investigated serum estradiol. The TST in ovariectomized (OVX) rats was significantly elevated after ovariectomy compared with control rats, whereas the RT in OVX rats was not elevated. Administration of CWW (200 mg/kg/d for 7 days, p.o.) significantly improved the skin temperature increase in OVX rats. The lower level of serum estradiol in OVX rats was significantly increased by supplying E2, but it was not affected by CWW. The present study indicates a need for future research involving treatment with high concentrations of C. wilfordii and measurement over 24 h.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.427-435
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• 2017

To investigate whether genistein regulates menopause-induced obesity, it was studied the effects of genistein on anti-obesity effects in female ovariectomized (OVX) mice, an animal model of postmenopausal women. 7-week-old female mice (C57BL/6J) were randomly divided into three groups. All the animals received a high fat diet or a high fat diet supplemented with genistein for 8 weeks and variables and determinants of obesity were measured. The OVX mice had significantly higher body weight and adipose tissue mass than sham mice. However, genistein supplementation reduced body weight, adipose tissue mass, and adipocyte size of OVX mice. The OVX mice treated with genistein had significantly lower levels of serum triglycerides and total cholesterol than the vehicle-treated OVX mice. Lipid accumulation in liver was also markedly decreased by genistein in OVX mice. The results suggest that genistein can effectively prevent adiposity, adipocyte phertrophy, and llipid disorders caused by ovariectomy. Moreover, this study may contribute to the alleviation of metabolic syndrome, including obesity and hyerlipidemia in postmenopausal women.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.83-96
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• 2007

Purpose: Ligustri Lucidi Fructus and Ecliptae Herba has long been used for clinical therapy associated especially with menopausal symptoms in Korea. To provide a scientific rationale for such use, we have investigated the antioxidant and vasorelaxant effects of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, Ecliptae Herba and its mixture. Methods: The antioxidant activity of the extracts from Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, Ecliptae Herba and its mixture were evaluated and compared with that of BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole), BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), vitamin C and vitamin E, using the ${\alpha}$,${\alpha}-diphenyl-{\beta}-picrylhydrazyl$ (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Results: Antioxidant activity of all extracts using the DPPH radical scavenging method decreased in the order vitamin C>BHA>vitamin E>Ligustri Lucidi Fructus>Ligustri Lucidi Fructus:Ecliptae Herba(1:1)>Ecliptae Herba>BHT. The vasorelaxant effects of extracts were investigated on the vasomotor tone of the rat thoracic aorta in an organ bath. All of the extracts elicited along-term relaxing response in the endothelium-intact as well as endothelium-denuded rat aorta contracted with norepinephrine. This relaxant effect was abolished by Precontraction with 72 mM KCI. Thus, it is suggested that the mechanism of vasorelaxant effect of extracts not involve voltage-operated $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocking but receptor-mediated route. Conclusion: These antioxidant and vasorelaxant effecs of the extracts may contribute to the beneficial effects in postmenopausal women.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.12 s.142
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• pp.69-78
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• 1999

This study was desingned to investigate the relationships between bone mineral density(BMD) of the lumbar spine($L2\rightarrowL4$) and menopausal symptoms, health conciousness, bone health status, activity intensity, preference of food saltiness in 41 postmenopausal women. Lumbago was main menopausal symptom, and BMD of the subjects with lumbago was significantly low compared with BMD of the subjects without lumbago(p<0.01). BMD of the subjects who felt healthy was significantly higher than BMD of them who felt inbetween or weak(p<0.05). BMD of the subjects who had good bone status of the lumbar spine was significantly higher than BMD of them who had bent lumbar spine or experienced bone fracture(p<0.001). BMD of the subjects who were active was significantly higher than BMD of them whose activity was moderate or sedentary(p<0.05). BMD of the subjects who preferred very insipid taste was significantly high compared with BMD of them who preferred insipid, moderate or salty taste, and BMD of the subjects who preferred very salty taste was significantly low(p<0.01). This study suggested that decrease of BMD of the lumbar spine was significantly related to lumbago, bone fracture and bent lumbar spine. And when they were active and not preferred salty taste, bone loss of the lumbar spine was decreased.