• 건축역사연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.39-54
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• 2006

Focusing on the emergence of the basic course in American schools of architecture, in particular Gyorgy Kepes' courses at MIT, this paper studies the transformation of architectural pedagogy during the years after World War II. Kepes centered his architectural pedagogy on the picture plane, which was to function as the primary media for applying the principles of Gestalt psychology, that is the identification of the whole and its parts and the reciprocity between the internal human organism and the outside world. Kepes hence introduced a set of unconventional visual practices that were not readily assimilated to architectural conventions. Paralleling the establishment of the basic course, MIT also formulated a functionalist and spatial pedagogy with its two initial design studios, courses 4.721 and 4.722. These studios shared the notion that architectural design evolved from the inside toward the outside, an idea that took hold not just in the pragmatic environment of MIT's studios but also in conservative academic programs as well as in popular magazines, picture books, and exhibitions for the consumer public. The architectural surface became inseparable from the objects of art, furniture, and design, all of which were to be the generators of space. Hence, during the 1950s, the architectural surface provided a specific locus of intersection between the visual fundamentals of the basic course and the working principles of architectural design. Kepes, however, had by this time become disillusioned with architecture's potential as the medium of unity. Though he maintained the Gestalt logic of identity, he expanded it toward the goal of grander synthesis of society and consciousness freeing himself from the constraints of disciplinary instruction. In the case of Kepes, the mediating role of the picture plane was foregone in a regressive turn toward a primal, innocent, and direct experience.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2006

Geochemical and sedimentological analyses of sediment piston core were used to trace paleoceanographic environmental changes in the East China Sea. The analytical results revealed three lithostratigraphic units (I, II, and III) corresponding to a highstand stage, a transgressive stage, and a lowstand stage, respectively. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) $^{14}C$ dated the boundaries between the units as 7 ka and II ka. That is, Unit I extended from the present to 7 ka, Unit II occupied a transitional episode from 7 to 11 ka, and Unit III was older than 11 ka. The transitional episode was characterized by sudden fluctuations in various geochemical proxies. Most strikingly, there was a gradual upward increase in both carbonate and total organic carbon (TOe) contents post-7 ka, during which time the ${\delta}^{l3}C$ values of organic material increased to a constant value. The gradual upward increase in the TOC and $CaCO_3$ contents in Unit I were accompanied by slight variations in grain size that probably reflect a stable modern oceanographic environment. Within Unit II (7 to 11 ka), the geochemical signals were characterized by abrupt and steep fluctuations, typical of a transgressive stage. Vertical mixing may have provoked an increase in productivity during this interval, with large amounts of terrigenous organic matter and/or freshwater being supplied by neighboring rivers. The geochemical signals remained stable throughout Unit III but exhibited different patterns than signals in Unit I. The high terrigenous organic matter content of Unit III suggests correspondence to a lowstand stage.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.515-522
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• 2017

The natural dyeing industry has been faced with increasing demands of constant needs for environmentally and body friendly clothing products among modern consumers. Natural dyeing has attracted attention as a next-generation technology in green textiles. Dyestuffs need to be diversified for technological development activation in order to meet the increasing demands for natural dyeing. This study extracted dyeing solutions from the leaves of the Rose of Sharon (the national flower of South Korea) and investigated its dyeing properties for the development of various natural dyestuffs. This study investigates the dyeability of silk fabrics with Rose of Sharon leaves extract. Optimal conditions for dyeing of silk fabrics with the extract of Rose of Sharon were $40^{\circ}C/80min$ and $90^{\circ}C/60min$ with 100% concentration. Looking at the results, it showed the best K/S value at pH3, Sn pre-mordanting and Fe post-mordanting. Color fastness to washing, dry cleaning, rubbing and perspiration was good at grade 4-5 or 4. However, light fastness was observed in grade 2. In aspect of functional property, it showed an excellent result of 90% deodorization rate. In addition, its proven functionalities (deodorant properties) will help to produce high value added environment-friendly products. Those findings demonstrate the possibilities of the Rose of Sharon as an environment-friendly dye.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.190-198
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• 1983

The management of cardiac arrhythmias by cardiac pacing has increased greatly since the treatment of complete heart block with an external transcutaneous pacemaker in 1952, followed by the use of myocardial wires connected to an external pulse generation, by external transvenous pacing, and then by transvenous pacing with implantable components in thoracic wall.By now, the three bases of modern cardiac pacing for bradyarrhythmias had been established [1] an implantable device [2] the transvenous approach [3] the ability of the pacemaker to sense cardiac activity and modify its own function accordingly. In transvenous implantation of a pacemaker, any one of four vessels at the root of the neck is suitable for passage of the electrode - cephalic vein, external jugular vein, internal jugular vein, costo-axillary branch of the axillary vein. The new technique of direct puncture of the subclavian vein, either percutaneously or after skin incision only has been made, is invaluable & is used routinely. We have experienced one 25 years old patient who had rheumatic mitral stenosis & minimum aortic regurgitation with sinus bradycardia associated with premature atrial tachycardia & another 54 years old female patient who was suffered from sick sinus syndrome with sinus bradycardia & sinus arrest. The 1st patient was taken open mitral commissurotomy & aortic valvuloplasty and then was taken atrlal pace-maker implantation through If subclavian puncture method in post-op 14 days, and the second patient was taken atrial pacemaker implantation through If subclavian puncture method. Their postop course was in uneventful & were discharged, without complication. Their condition have been good to now.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.935-941
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• 2010

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains is one of the most critical problems of modern medicine. Bacteriophages have been suggested as an alternative therapeutic agent for such bacterial infections. In the present study, we examined the therapeutic potential of phage Kpn5 in the treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055-induced burn wound infection in a mouse model. An experimental model of contact burn wound infection was established in mice employing K. pneumoniae B5055 to assess the efficacy of phage Kpn5 in vivo. Survival and stability of phage Kpn5 were evaluated in mice and the maximum phage count in various organs was obtained at 6 h and persisted until 36 h. The Kpn5 phage was found to be effective in the treatment of Klebsiella-induced burn wound infection in mice when phage was administered immediately after bacterial challange. Even when treatment was delayed up to 18 h post infection, when all animals were moribund, approximately 26.66% of the mice could be rescued by a single injection of this phage preparation. The ability of this phage to protect bacteremic mice was demonstrated to be due to the functional capabilities of the phage and not due to a nonspecific immune effect. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) were significantly lower in sera and lungs of phage-treated mice than phage untreated control mice. The results of the present study bring out the potential of bacteriophage therapy as an alternate preventive approach to treat K. pneumoniae B5055-induced burn wound infections. This approach not only helps in the clearance of bacteria from the host but also protects against the ensuing inflammatory damage due to the exaggerated response seen in any infectious process.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2010

With the sex role changes in the post-modern society, men are becoming increasingly interested in appearance and their bodies. Male muscles in particular, which also is a visual manifestation of masculine strengths, has become the focal interest for those men who care about appearance management. The purpose of this study was to identify the extent to which Korean culture emphasizes muscles in defining masculine body, and to understand Korean men's perception of muscle building and their bodies. For this purpose, a content analysis and a survey were conducted. The content analysis aimed at identifying the ideal masculine image represented in the ads featured in male fashion magazines. For the purpose of comparison, U.S. magazines were also examined. The result showed that male models' images shown in Korean magazines were not significantly different from the male images in American magazines in terms of the body size, muscularity, and the nudity of the models. A survey to 339 men aged between 20 to 50 living in Seoul area was conducted to explore the motives of muscle building, the criteria men use to evaluate muscled bodies, and the influence of muscle building on body satisfaction. Factor analysis and analyses of variances followed by Scheffe multiple comparisons were conducted for data analysis. The results showed that physical appearance improvement is one of the motives of muscle building especially for younger men. Muscle building in general is found to contribute positively to men's body satisfaction.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.130-146
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• 2013

이 글은 다크투어리즘의 일환인 재난관광이 지닌 포스트모더니즘적 특성에 주목하여, 진정성 문제를 통해 이를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 지난 2011년 발생한 동일본대지진을 구체적 사례로 선정하여, 재난관광의 전개 과정을 분석하였다. 재난 직후, 관광의 영역은 해체되고 일시적으로 재해 공동체가 형성된다. 이후 사회공헌형 관광이 등장하는데, 이 속에서 게스트(관광객)와 호스트(현지주민)는 모두 삶과 죽음의 문제를 공유하게 되고, 실존적 진정성은 관광동기와 경험에서 핵심요소가 된다. 그러나 시간이 지나면서 실존적 진정성은 재해재건의 정치경제적 맥락 속에서 이데올로기적으로 재편되고, 구성적 진정성으로 대체됨으로써 반근대적 성찰에 기반한 대안관광이라는 재난관광의 가능성에 한계가 나타나게 된다. 재난관광의 상품화 이면에 존재하는 윤리적 이슈를 고찰하기 위해서는 재난관광을 진정성 및 포스트모더니즘의 대안관광 틀 속에서 고찰하는 실증연구가 지속되어야 할 것이다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.73-85
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is for considering about Zen fashion in the point of view of culture transition. Through this research, the Far-East including Korea will be confirmed as a center of fashion culture in 21st century. The contents are the meaning of culture transition in Post Modern period, the meaning of Zen and changing of fashion trend as the background of Zen Fashion, and the characteristics of Zen fashion design. The results are as follows: Anti-western movement or dismantlement of culture has been represented the limitation of western centered culture. So the interesting about East means the changing to east from west in ideas. To make new creation in fashion field, the comprehension about the western fashion which has been preceeded and new trials using the our tradition will be needed. Zen is a kind of Buddhism and the essence of it is to find myself and express individual experiences. The change of one's sens of value, new age movement and concerning of environment and ecology make more comfortable, simple and healthy elements in clothing. The fusion style is under a vogue in life style and Zen is the core of this trend. The characteristics of Zen fashion are flat dismantlement which has been know as a Japanese style, oriental minimalism and nature beauty of ecology. This characteristics are found not only the shape, color but the will of the behind. The pursing temperance and naturalism are represented the fashion culture transition from the West to Far-East. Therefore multi points of fashion research is very important and the identify about Korean fashion is required in lately for new fashion paradigm.

• 비교교육연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2017

본 논문은 일본 교육 정책에 큰 전환점이 되었던 두시기의 교육개혁의 지향성과 과정을 검토하여, 전전-전후 일본의 국가교육의 연속성을 국가주의와 시민교육의 맥락에서 조명하는데 목적이 있다. 학제를 공포하고 근대교육제도의 효시를 이룬 메이지 개혁(1868)을 제 1교육개혁, 패전이후 민주주의 헌법과 교육기본법, 학교교육법(1947)에 의하여 재건된 6-3-3-4제의 교육개혁을 제 2의 교육개혁(고전, 2014: 98)으로 보고, 일본 교육 정책에 큰 방향 전환이 되었던 각 시기의 국가교육이 지향하는 바와 체계를 갖추어 가는 과정을 간략하게 살펴본 후, 규범적 내용적 차원, 제도적 절차적 차원에서 전전-전후의 국가교육이 갖는 연속성과 교육개혁의 한계를 탐구하고자 한다. 메이지 일본은 근대화된 사회를 지탱할 결속된 구성원을 형성해야 할 필요성과 동시에 천황제를 뒷받침할 순종적 신민을 양성할 필요성이 있었고, 근대적 교육 체제는 이러한 과업을 달성하는데 큰 역할을 하였다. 패전 후 일본은 민주화, 비군사화라는 목표를 달성하기 위해 교육 개혁을 통해 일본적 전통 속에 내재하고 있는 권위적 국가주의의 틀을 변화시키고자 하였다. 전후 교육개혁으로 인해 교육 구조의 변형은 이루었지만 민주주의와 평화 지향의 내적 뿌리내림에 이르지 못하였으며, 냉전이라는 배경 하에 다시 교육의 보수화, 역코스로 회귀하였다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제22권
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• pp.73-98
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• 2011

This study has as a object to investigate some various meanings of the discourses of postdevelopment of Arturo Escobar with the respect of the social movements of the indigenous and the afro-colombians in the area of the Pacific Coast of Colombia. The ideological lines of Escobar go around the group of critical discourse Modernity/(De)coloniality whose thesis lies on revealing the coloniality as principal elements of the modernity from the XVI century until now culminating in the neoliberal globalization. In another words, they try to seek for the alternative globalization based on the autonomy of the people who has been alienated for long time as 'others' by the eurocentrism of the power and the knowledge and on the equality of the cultural differences o the cosmovisions in Latin America. Escobar concentrates on the fact that the neoliberal regime would turn the nature into the environment considered as the resources for example the traditional knowledges of biodiversity of the indigenous as the capital of the pharmaceutical companies through the patents. However, the indigenous and the afro-colombians have fought fiercely to have them be maintained as a colective right of the possession not only to guard the economic interests but also their proper cultural traditions and the way of life based on the social solidarity of reciprocal care instead of the occidental individualism. This corresponds not only to the social relations but between the nature and the human society. And so, Arturo Escobar interprets these movements not only to defend the places but to express the cosmovisions of Postdevelopment further more the modern paradigm of nation-state.