• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.63-83
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• 2002

This study is to survey the materials purchasing and inventory management status and the characteristics and opinions of the staff in charge of purchasing and inventory of the general hospitals in Busan area in order to contribute to the rationalization of its management through the grasp of actual situation and the presentation of desirable improvement plan for the materials purchasing and inventory management. The status of medical institute had been surveyed by the purchasing/ administration managers of total 26 general hospitals, and the purchasing/ management questionnaires had been commenced with 86 staff of the 26 hospitals. Its major survey results, after the analysis of 24 medical institute statuses (return rate of 92.30%) and 60 staff questionnaires (return rate of 69.76%), are as follows. First, post-purchasing evaluation system is not used actively, orders are being placed by phone or fax, and general merchandise is being purchased through free contracts in most of the hospitals participated in the survey. Second, as per the materials supplying methods, the requisition and delivery system is currently the most popular in the hospitals surveyed, however, both the requisition and delivery system and the par level transfer system are the most desired in the hospitals of more than 500 beds, and the par level transfer system is the most desired in the hospitals under 500 beds for the materials supplying system in the future. Third, as per the inventory management system that is desired the most in the future, the SPD and JIT types are preferred in the hospitals of more than 500 beds, the stockless strategy is preferred in the hospitals under 500 beds, the senior staff above section chief grade prefer the stockless strategy, and the junior staff prefer the ABC classification and SPD types. Fourth, The necessity of purchasing staff's training for the materials management is highly recognized but the effectiveness is not so much acknowledged, which is because such a training is thought to be so superficial and formal that it is not helpful much in the actual field. When summarizing the survey results as above, the materials purchasing and management system is differed for each group of hospitals according to the size of beds, and the more scientific management system is largely required by the general hospitals in Busan city. They also hope the introduction of joint purchasing system, materials management by the bar-code system, and positive execution of the market survey and training of the relevant staff for the management of purchasing affairs. So the more systematic purchasing and inventory management is regarded to be necessary through the introduction of scientific and specialized education of materials management, market survey, and post-purchasing evaluation system also through the computerization of materials purchasing and inventory management as soon as possible.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.215-225
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 IT 기업 재직자의 교육 훈련특성과 교육 성과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 빠르게 변화하는 시장환경에서 기업에게 인적자원은 시장 경쟁력확보의 중요한 요소로써 교육 훈련을 통해 재직자의 역량육성과 기업 성과를 도모하고 있다. 하지만 이러한 노력에도 불구하고 지속적으로 증가하는 퇴사율과 교육내용의 낮은 활용도로 기업들이 교육 훈련 투자를 망설이게 하고 있다. 이와 같은 이유로 인해 연구자들은 교육 훈련의 특성과 성과에 대해 많은 연구가 진행되고 있지만, 교육 훈련특성과 조직몰입의 하위 요소, 현장 활용에 대한 세분화 되어진 연구는 미비한 편이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 교육 훈련특성 요인을 기존 연구를 통해 도출하고 조직몰입을 통해 실제적으로 재직자들이 업무 활용도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지 보고자 한다. 그 결과 자기효능감은 조직몰입에 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났으며, 강사능력과 교육프로그램 적절성은 지속적 몰입과 정서적 몰입에 정(+)의 영향, 업무 관련성은 지속적 몰입과 정서적 몰입에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 규범적 몰입은 학습 전이에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 강사 능력과 교육프로그램에 대한 중요성을 높여야 한다는 의미로 보여지며, 교육 관련자들이나 관련 기업들에게 기초자료로 제공하고자 한다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.529-545
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 3차원 유한요소해석을 실시하여 견고한 점토에 기시공되어 있는 단독말뚝의 하부에서 실시된 open face 터널굴착에 의한 말뚝의 거동을 분석하였다. 수치해석에서는 터널굴착으로 인한 말뚝의 거동을 규명하기 위하여 지반, 말뚝의 침하 및 전단응력전이 메커니즘을 심도 있게 분석하였다. 터널굴착으로 인해 Greenfield 조건의 지표면의 침하를 크게 초과하는 말뚝침하가 발생하였으며, 말뚝과 인접지반 사이 경계면에서의 전단응력전이현상으로 인해 말뚝에 작용하는 축력의 분포가 매우 크게 변화하였다. 말뚝침하의 증가로 인하여 말뚝의 겉보기지지력(apparent pile capacity)이 약 30% 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 터널굴착에 따른 지중응력 및 변형에 의해 말뚝의 마찰력이 증가하는 현상이 발생하고 이에 따라 말뚝의 축력이 터널의 굴착에 따라 지속적으로 감소하였다. 순수하게 터널굴착에 의하여 단독말뚝에는 설계하중의 최대 21%에 상응하는 인장력이 유발되는 것으로 분석되었다. 말뚝은 터널의 시공이 말뚝의 중심에서 종방향으로 ${\pm}1$-2D (D: 터널직경)에서 실시될 때 가장 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 말뚝선단 인근에서는 (-)의 과잉간극수압이 발생하였으며, 말뚝상부 부근에서는 (+)의 과잉간극수압이 발현하였다. 터널굴착에 의한 말뚝의 사용성은 축력변화에 비해서는 말뚝의 침하에 의해 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2012

This study was designed to determine whether low-density lipoporoteins (LDL) extracted from egg yolk in extender improve the function of Korean Jeju Black Bull semen. The semen was cryopreserved with 5% ethylene glycol (EG) or 7% glycerol (G) extenders containing 10% egg yolk (EY), 4% LDL and 5% EY or 8% LDL. Frozen-thawed sperm were evaluated sperm motility, viability, membrane integrity and acrosome integrity. Post-thawed sperm motility has been significantly higher (p<0.05) in 4% LDL + 5% EY ($69.00%{\pm}4.18$; EG and $63.00%{\pm}9.75$; 7% G) than 8% LDL ($57.00%{\pm}5.70$; EG and $52.00%{\pm}4.47$;G). Treatment of 4% LDL + 5% EY-EG ($66.85%{\pm}5.06$) has been significantly improved sperm viability compared to other treatments except 10% EY - EG. Moreover, in membrane integrity, swollen sperm ratio has been only significantly increased (p<0.05) in 4% LDL + 5% EY - EG ($64.65%{\pm}6.10$) among all treatments. In assess to detect acrosome integrity, especially, AR pattern ratio has been significantly decreased (p<0.05) in 4% LDL + 5% EY - EG among all treatments. In sperm viability as time passes, between 4% LDL + 5% EY and 10% EY, there was no significant difference, but 8% LDL was significantly decreased sperm viability in EG (1 and 2 hrs) and G (30 min, 1, 2, 5 and 12 hrs) extender. However, there were no significant differences among all treatments except 8% LDL-G in sperm membrane integrity. 8% LDL-G has been significantly decreased swollen sperm ratio at 5 hrs after thawed. It is concluded from these results that 4% LDL + 5% EY to the freezing extender showed more positive effect on the frozen-thawed spermatozoa in Korean Jeju Black bull.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2017

This study was designed to determine the effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes and early development of parthenogenesis (PA) embryos in pigs. Each IVM and IVC medium was supplemented with various concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 5 mM) of MSG and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) depending on the experimental design. Immature pig oocytes were matured for 44 h and then oocytes reached metaphase II (MII) stage were electrically activated to induce parthenogenesis (PA). When immature oocytes were treated with MSG in the absence of NEAA during IVM, nuclear maturation (83.1-87.1%), intra-oocyte glutathione content, cumulus expansion, and cleavage (91.4-93.4%) of PA embryos were not influenced by MSG treatment at all concentrations. However, blastocyst formation of PA embryos was significantly increased by 5.0 mM MSG ($45.3{\pm}6.2%$) compared to control ($25.6{\pm}3.4%$). MSG treatment during IVM in the presence of NEAA did not show significant effect on nuclear maturation of oocytes and blastocyst formation after PA while 0.5 mM MSG ($89.3{\pm}1.9%$) decreased (P < 0.05) cleavage of PA embryos compared to 0.1 mM MSG ($94.6{\pm}1.1%$). When PA embryos were treated for 7 days with MSG during IVC, 5.0 mM MSG significantly decreased blastocyst formation ($27.8{\pm}4.9%$) compared to no treatment ($41.4{\pm}1.9%$) while no decrease in blastocyst formation was observed in 0.1 and 0.5 mM ($37.4{\pm}3.4%$ and $34.4{\pm}2.6%$, respectively). Our results demonstrated that 5 mM MSG in a NEAA-free chemically defined maturation medium showed positive effect on PA embryonic development while 5 mM MSG treatment during IVC was deleterious to PA embryonic development in pigs.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2010

The MTT assay is one of superior evaluation methods widely used to analyze the viability of metabolically active cell. It can be used to determine the percentage of viable sperm through measurement of the reduction of MTT granules at mitochondria in sperm tail. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal condition of a simple and easy MTT assay to validate boar sperm viability and compare the accuracy of this test with microscopic examination. The MTT reduction rate for sperm viability were analyzed in microtiter plates (96 well) from 1 hr to 5 hr incubation periods at $37^{\circ}C$ using spectrophotometer (microplate reader) at 550 nm wavelength. The remainder of semen sample was simultaneously examined to compare the correlation of accuracy between MTT assay and other sperm parameters. Those sperm parameters were included the motility, survival rates, membrane integrity, mitochondria activity and acrosome integrity. The OD values of MTT assay (MTT reduction rates) did not greatly change at 1 hr to 5 hr incubation periods in different proportion of live and freeze-killed sperms (dead sperm). The MTT reduction rates or survival rates were decreased according to the different concentration of live and dead sperm. The linear regression at 1 hr and 4 hr incubation periods in sperm MTT assay was y=291.55x-72.176 and y= 180.64x-44.569, respectively. There are high correlation between 1 hr and 4 hr incubation periods (p<0.001). The results of MTT assay and other sperm parameters has a positive correlation (p<0.01 or 0.05). The correlation coefficients for MTT assay was 0.88115 for motility, 0.89868 for survival rates, 0.91722 for membrane integrity and 0.77372 for acrosome integrity, respectively. In conclusion, the MTT assay can be used as a reliable and efficient evaluation method for boar sperm viability. It can be use practical means to evaluate the quality of boar sperm by a fast, inexpensive and easy method.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2012

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of IFN-${\tau}$ on prostaglandin synthesis, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression in vitro and concentration of progesterone (P4) in endometrial cells. Epithelial and stromal cells cultured in vitro were isolated from bovine endometrium and stimulated with increasing doses of IFN-${\tau}$ (0, 0.02, 0.2 and 2 ug/ml). Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 1.5 IU/ml) was used as a positive control. Prostaglandin $E_2$ and $F_{2{\alpha}}$ levels in the culture media were analyzed by enzyme immunoassays and total RNA was extracted from the cells for RT-PCR. P4 concentrations of blood samples were assayed by chemiluminescent immuno assays system. In epithelial cells, COX-2 gene expression was increased in the presence of IFN-${\tau}$ (p<0.05), but it was not significantly different in all groups of stromal cells except for 2 ug/ml IFN-${\tau}$ group (p<0.05). Although IFN-${\tau}$ did not affect $PGE_2$ and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ production in epithelial cells, it decreased $PGE_2$ and $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ production significantly in stromal cells (p<0.05). In vivo experiment, blood concentration of P4 was significantly increased after addition of IFN-${\tau}$ (1 ug/ml). The results indicate that PG production was mediated by COX-2 expression in stromal cells but it was not affected in epithelial cells and this suggest that treatment of IFN-${\tau}$ could improve the implantation environment of uterine by maintenance of high P4 concentration.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.3-15
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• 1992

크롬이움, 몰리브덴늄, 텅그스텐의 carbene 착물인 $(CO)_5Cr=CCHCH_2(XCH_3)\;,\;(CO)_5Mo=CCHCH_2(XCH_3)\;,\;(CO)_5W=CCHCH_2(XCH_3)$에 대해서 확장된 Huckel 방법으로 계산하여 이들의 전자구조와 반응성 등을 고찰하였다. fragment들의 궤도함수 상관도로부터 M=Ccarb 이중결합의 특성을 알 수 있다. M=Ccarb 이중결합의 ${\sigma}$결합은 carbene의 HOMO로부터 $(CO)_5M$의 LUMO로 전자가 이동하므로 형성되고 ${\pi}$결합은 전이금속의 축퇴된 d${\pi}$ 궤도함수로부터 carbene의 LUMO로 전자가 역이동하므로서 형성된다. M=Ccarb 결합에서 전하분극은 Mo, W-착물에 대해서 M쪽이 더욱 양으로 계산되었다. 화학적 또는 물리적 성질은 carbene 탄소원자의 양전하에 의하여 결정되며 carbene 탄소원자의 친전자적 반응성은 전하에 의해서가 아니라 frontier orbital의 LUMO에 의해서 지배받는다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.583-592
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• 2003

The gas phase identity nucleophilic substitution reactions of halide anions (X = F, Cl, Br) with cyclopentadienyl halides (1) are investigated at the B3LYP/6-311+G**, MP2/6-311+G** and G2(+)MP2 levels involving five reaction pathways: σ-attack $S_N2$, β-$S_N$2'-syn, β-$S_N$2'-anti, γ-$S_N$2'-syn and γ-$S_N$2'-anti paths. In addition, the halide exchange reactions at the saturated analogue, cyclopentyl halides (2), and the monohapto circumambulatory halide rearrangements in 1 are also studied at the same three levels of theory. In the σ-attack $S_N2$ transition state for 1 weak positive charge develops in the ring with X = F while negative charge develops with X = Cl and Br leading to a higher energy barrier with X = F but to lower energy barriers with X = Cl and Br than for the corresponding reactions of 2. The π-attack β-$S_N$2' transition states are stabilized by the strong $n_C-{\pi}^{*}_{C=C}$ charge transfer interactions, whereas the π-attack γ-$S_N$2' transition states are stabilized by the strong $n_C-{\sigma}^{*}_{C-X}$ interactions. For all types of reaction paths, the energy barriers are lower with X = F than Cl and Br due to the greater bond energy gain in the partial C-X bond formation with X = F. The β-$S_N$2' paths are favored over the γ-$S_N$2' paths only with X = F and the reverse holds with X = Cl and Br. The σ-attack $S_N2$ reaction provides the lowest energy barrier with X = Cl and Br, but that with X = F is the highest energy barrier path. Activation energies for the circumambulatory rearrangement processes are much higher (by more than 18 kcal $mol^{-1}$) than those for the corresponding $S_N2$ reaction path. Overall the gas-phase halide exchanges are predicted to proceed by the σ-attack $S_N2$ path with X = Cl and Br but by the β-$S_N$2'-anti path with X = F. The barriers to the gas-phase halide exchanges increase in the order X = F < Br < Cl, which is the same as that found for the gas-phase identity methyl transfer reactions.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.223-238
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• 2007

전국의 10개 지역에서 건설되는 혁신도시(지구) 중에서 많은 광주와 전남의 공동혁신도시는 중앙부처 및 관련 전문가 집단으로부터 매우 모범적인 사례로 평가받고 있다. 이런 측면에서 본 연구는 광주시와 전남도가 공동으로 혁신도시를 건설하게 된 배경과 입지선정 과정에 나타난 특징을 고찰하는 것이다. 공동혁신도시 건설은 광주시장과 전남도지사의 리더쉽, 광주와 전남의 상생발전을 염원하는 지역주민의 사회적 합의, 공동혁신도시의 장점을 확산시킨 혁신주체들의 노력 등이 결합된 결과였다. 공동혁신도시의 입지선정과정은 광주전남지역혁신협의회가 추진주체가 되어 진행되었고, 입지선정위원회에서 나주시 금천지역이 제1순위로 선정되었다. 광주 전남의 신도시 건설구상은 성장거점의 기능과 역할 확대, 규모 경제의 확보와 도시자체의 자생력 확보, 건설비용 절감과 도시개발의 효율성 제고, 공공기관 종사자들에게 대한 유인책, 광주 전남의 공동발전에 미치는 효과, 공동의 지역발전을 위한 협력체제 구축 등이라는 측면에서 지역사회에서 중요한 의미를 갖게 될 것으로 기대된다.